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1、2024年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷三问答题1.There are two different views about health care：one is that health care should （江南博哥）be free for everyone and the other is that people should pay medical costs themselves.You are to give your own opinion.Write an essay to explain the reasons for your opinion.?提交答案问答题2.春节是中国的传统
2、节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。美国小孩能从圣诞老人那里获得圣诞礼物，而中国小孩则能从长辈那里得到“压岁钱(lucky money)”，这也是每个孩子过年时都热切期盼的礼物。“压岁钱”是长辈送给孩子的护身符(amulet)，表达了长辈对孩子的美好祝福，据说可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。“压岁钱”可在晚辈磕头拜年后当众赏给，也可在除夕夜孩子睡着时，家长偷偷地放在孩子的枕头底下。提交答案共享题干题A third of the planets land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of 24bn ton
3、nes a year，according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture.The alarming 26_ ，which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases，will add to the risks of conflicts unless 27_ actions are implemented，warns
4、the institution behind the report.As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows，competition is 28_ for land within countries and globally, said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) at the .launch of the Global Land Outlook.
5、To 29_ the losses，the Outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.The Global Land Outlook is 30_ as the most comprehensive study of its type，mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization，climate change，erosion and fores
6、t loss.But the biggest factor is the 31_ of industrial farming.Heavy tilling，multiple harvests and 32_ use of agrochemicals have increased yields atthe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，no
7、tes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题1.空白处26.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKocca
8、sionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，howeve
9、r，this 34_ fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题2.空白处27.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agric
10、ultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题3.空白处28.应填A.absorbB.a
11、bundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in
12、the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题4.空白处29.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimi
13、zesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fert
14、ility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题5.空白处30.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural product
15、ion has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题6.空白处31.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billed
16、D.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in the Outlook by
17、the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题7.空白处32.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedi
18、alOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fertility and can l
19、ead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题8.空白处33.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural production has increas
20、ed threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题9.空白处34.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.dimi
21、nishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe 33_ of long-term sustainability.In the past 20 years，agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled，notes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Resea
22、rch Centre (JRC) of the European commission.Over time，however，this 34_ fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and 35_ desertification.单选题10.空白处35.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelyT
23、ake Nap8 at Work.Apologize to No One(A) In the past two weeks Ive taken three naps at work，a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldnt feel better about it，and my productivity reflects it，too.(B) Sleeping on the job is one of th
24、ose workplace tabooslike leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walkthat were taught to look down on.If someone naps at 2 p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails，surely it must mean theyre slacking off (偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.(C) Restfulness and rechar
25、ging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.Its easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠) wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychol
26、ogical research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.(D) Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday，said Josh Bersin，principal and founder of Bersin by Deloitte.Theyre beginning
27、to realize that this is their problem，and they cant just say to people，Heres a work-life balance course，go teach yourself how to manage your inbox, Mr.Bersin said.“Its way more complicated than that.(E) To be sure，the ability to nap at work is far from widespread，experts said.Few among us have the l
28、uxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out，and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.(F) In an ideal world，wed all solve this problem by unplu
29、gging early and getting a good nights sleep.Heres our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when youre dragging after lunch.(G) In a study published in Nature Neuroscience，researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times thr
30、oughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test，but subjects who took a 30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance，and those who took a 60-nunute nap even reversed it.(H) Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a specific quality
31、of nap, said Sara Mednick，a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California，Riverside.(I) Dr.Mednick，a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap! Change Your Life，said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep，and different type
32、s of naps offer specific benefits.J) For example，Dr.Mednick said a 20- to 60-nunute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.Its just long enough to enter stage-two sleep，or non-rapid eye movement ( non-REM) sleep.(K) After 60 minutes，you start getting into rapid ey
33、e movement ( REM) sleep，most often associated with that deep，dreaming state we all enjoy at night.REM sleep can improve creativity，perceptual processing andhighly associative thinking，which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas，Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that，your best bet is a 90-minut
34、e nap，which will give you a full sleep cycle.(L) Any nap，however，can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day，experts said.(M) So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied（紧密相连）to working long,concentrated hours?
35、Blame technology，but think broader than smartphones and laptops; the real issue is that technology has enabled us to be available at all times.(N)“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it, Mr.Bersin said.They were assuming that if we give people more
36、 tools，more emails，more slack，more chatter，and well just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think theyve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem，and it is affecting productivity，engagement，health，safety，wellness and all sorts of things.”(O) It isnt just office workers w
37、ho can benefit from an afternoon siesta（午睡）.A 2015 study published in Current Biology looked at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania,Namibia and Bolivia.(P) Theyre active in the morning，then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet ti
38、me，but theyre not generally napping, said Jerome Siegel，professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences，and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.Then they do some work and go to sleep，and they sleep through the night.”(Q) Still，Mr.Siegel said，the only genuine
39、 way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid nights sleep.”The real restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night，which experts say is optimal.(R) Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness, Mr.Siegel said.Bu
40、t its not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”(S) He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning，even if you cant get to sleep at the same time every night.This helps acclimate（使适应）your body to your regular wake-up time，regardl
41、ess of how much sleep you got the night before.(T) So if youve made it this far and youre interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),heres a quick guide to the perfect nap：Find a quiet，unoccupied space where you wont be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible(or
42、invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help，too. Aim for around 20 minutes.Any longer than that and youre likely to wake up with sleep inertia（睡眠惰性），which will leave you even groggier（头脑昏沉的）than before.单选题11.Participants perceptual performance became better after sleeping
43、one hour between tests，according to an article in Nature Neuroscience.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）J) For example，Dr.Mednick said a 20- to 60-nunute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.Its just long enough to enter stage-two
44、 sleep，or non-rapid eye movement ( non-REM) sleep.(K) After 60 minutes，you start getting into rapid eye movement ( REM) sleep，most often associated with that deep，dreaming state we all enjoy at night.REM sleep can improve creativity，perceptual processing andhighly associative thinking，which allows y
45、ou to make connections between disparate ideas，Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that，your best bet is a 90-minute nap，which will give you a full sleep cycle.(L) Any nap，however，can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day，experts said.(M) So how did we e
46、ven arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied（紧密相连）to working long,concentrated hours? Blame technology，but think broader than smartphones and laptops; the real issue is that technology has enabled us to be available at all times.(N)“We went through a period where people were in denia
47、l and business leaders were ignoring it, Mr.Bersin said.They were assuming that if we give people more tools，more emails，more slack，more chatter，and well just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think theyve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem，and it is affecting productivity，engagement，health，safety，wellness and all s