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1、英英英 语语语堂堂法课课语课课高 堂堂中代词代词基本框架：代代词人称代人称代词、物主代、物主代词与反身代与反身代词相互代相互代词与指示代与指示代词疑疑问代代词、关系代、关系代词与与连接代接代词不定代不定代词一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1.人称代词单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称you第三人称hehimtheythemsheherit人称格格数数一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（1）人称代词的基本用法。做主语If you want to speak fluent English,you need to listen carefully to native speaker
2、s so that you can understand them.如果想讲一口流利的英语，就需要认真地听母语是英语的人说话，这样你才能理解。（此句中的三个you分别充当所在句子的主语）Times change,and we change with them.时代总在变，人也在随着变。（we 作change的主语）作表语Who called me just now?谁刚才和我打电话了？Its him.是他.（him作is的宾语）一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（1）人称代词的基本用法。做宾语Give me a challenge,and I all meet it with joy.让我迎接挑
3、战，我会欣然受之。（me作give的宾语，it 作meet的宾语。）You must look after her.你一定要照顾她。（her作look after的宾语）作同位语The two members,Mary and I,were to set the date.两个成员，玛丽和我来决定时间。（Mary and I作the two members的同位语）一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（1）人称代词的基本用法。几个人称代词并列时的顺序：单数并列“二、三、一”，复数并列“一、二、三”两性并列“他+她”，承担责任我在前。I and he are wrong.我和他都错了。He and
4、she go to work together.他和她一起去上班。归纳一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（2）人称代词的其他用法。用we,you,they表示泛指。Driving on the left is strange at first but you get used to it.左侧驾车时刚开始时有点别扭，可是习惯就好了。Every person has the right to know,but they dont always know it.每个人都有知情权，但人们常常不知道这一点。用they代替everybody，anybody等不定代词。Everyone wants hims
5、elf to succeed,dont they?人人都想成功，不是吗？If anyone come here,ask them to wait for a minute.如果有人来，让他们等一会儿。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（2）人称代词的其他用法。she可以用来指代国家、船只、大地、月亮等。Titanic was the greatest boat of the time but she sunk down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.泰坦尼克号是当时最大的船，可她沉到大西洋的海底了。（she代指船只）用she,her代指自己的爱车，宠物等
6、。Whats wrong with the car?车子怎么了？She wont start.她就是发动不起来。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（2）人称代词的其他用法。在寓言，故事中，温柔善良的动物常用she代替，凶猛、粗野的动物常用he代替。The panda Lily is a new member of the circus.She needs time to get used to the new life.熊猫丽丽是马戏团的新成员，她需要时间适应新的生活。（she 指代the panda Lily.）The fierce tiger came at the monkey when
7、the monkey escaped him into thethick trees.凶猛的老虎向猴子扑来，而猴子逃到茂密的森林里去了。（him指代the tiger）在谚语和格言中，用he来表示一类人。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（2）人称代词的其他用法。在谚语和格言中，用he来表示一类人。He who does not advance loses ground.逆水行舟，不进则退。（3）it的用法it代指时间、距离、天气、自然现象等。For example,on
8、e evening when it was so warm,I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.例如，有天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到11点半不睡觉，为的是独自好好欣赏月亮。（it代指天气）it代指上文中提到的事物。We think the Olympic Park is a great place to go because it not only has fantasticstadiums for Olympic Games bu
9、t also has many beautiful gardens.我们认为奥林匹克公园是很好的去处，因为那里不仅有奥林匹克运动会使用的大体育场，还有很多美丽的公园。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（3）it的用法it代替指示代词this或thatWhose book is that？那本书是谁的？Its mine.是我的（it=that）it用于打电话或敲门时不明身份的人。Who is knocking at the door？Its me.是我。it还可指不知姓名的孩子。What a beautiful baby-is it a boy or a girl?好漂亮的宝宝呀-是男孩还是女孩？
10、it作形式主语或形式宾语。Its a pity that you didnt go camping.真遗憾你没有去野营。（it作形式主语）一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（3）it的用法it作形式主语或形式宾语。I find it difficult to work with him.我发现与他一起工作很难。（it作形式宾语）it用于某些习惯用语中，但本身没有实际意义。You can make it.你会成功的。有关it的常用固定句型：I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.如果您能助我一臂之力，我将不胜感激。I cant help it
11、if you are always late.如果你总是迟到，那我也没办法。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢别人嘴里满含食物讲话。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词（3）it的用法有关it的常用固定句型：As someone puts it,practice makes perfect.像所有人说的那样，熟能生巧。When it comes to diet and exercise,we know what to do,but we dont do what we know.当提到饮食和运动的时候，我们都知道怎么去做，但
12、是不会按照我们知道的去做。拓展：it用于强调句式“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who”中，可强调句中的主语、状语或宾语等句子成分，但是不能用于强调动词。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词2.物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshersoursyourstheirs类型词义（1）形容词性物主代词的用法。形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，作前置定语。Every life is a boat and the ideal is its sail.每个人生都是一只船，理想是船帆。Pa
13、rents always expect too much of their children.父母总是对孩子给予太多的期望。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词2.物主代词（2）名词性物主代词的用法名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语等。Yours is the best football team in China.你们的足球队是中国最棒的。（yours=your team，作主语）Both men and women could put some styling wax in their hair,and women can put some
14、hairpins in theirs to keep their hair neat and tidy.男士和女士都可以涂点定型发蜡，女士们可以在头发上别发卡以保持头发整齐。（theirs=their hair，作宾语）The computer and recorder in the room are theirs.房间里的电脑和录音机是他们的。（theirs=their computer and recorder,作表语）一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词2.物主代词（2）名词性物主代词的用法名词性物主代词常与of连用，构成双重所有格。That friend of yours had no r
15、espect for the aged.你的那个朋友不尊重长者。（yours与of连用，构成双重所有格）3.反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves数人称一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词3.反身代词反身代词可做宾语、表语或同位语，但不能单独作主语。（1）作及物动词或介词的宾语，表示自己承受自己发出的动作。Its not your fault.You shouldnt blame yourself.那不是你的错，你不必责怪自己。（yourself是blame的宾语，主
16、语是you）We went through a 10-meter-long passage and we found ourselves in a large burial chamber.我们穿过一个10米长的通道，发现自己正置于一个巨大的墓室中。（2）作同位语，表示强调，作“亲自、本人”解。置于名词、代词之后，也可置于句尾。We often go to the lake after school ourselves我们自己常常放学后去湖边。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词3.反身代词（2）作同位语，表示强调，作“亲自、本人”解。置于名词、代词之后，也可置于句尾。The city itsel
17、f should be clean and public transport ought to be convenient城市本应该清洁，公共交通应该很方便。（3）反身代词不能单独作主语，但有时可用在另一名词后并列作主语。My friend and myself were invited to the party.我的朋友和我都被邀参加了晚会。一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词3.反身代词含有反身代词的一些固定用法：enjoy oneself玩的愉快 devote oneself to献身于 behave oneself举止得体 introduce oneself自我介绍 teach onese
18、lf自学 give oneself away露出马脚come to oneself苏醒过来 by oneself独自地归纳二、相互代词与指示代词1.相互代词表示两者相互关系多用each other,表示三者及以上的相互关系时多用one another.相互代词可在句中作宾语和定语。（1）做宾语Town twinning agreements encourage people from the two towns to visit each other.姐妹城市协议鼓励两个城市的人互相参观访问。In America,students and teachers are quite relaxed
19、with each other.在美国，学生和老师的关系很轻松。（each other作with的宾语）（2）作定语，必须在其后加-sThey have great concern for each others work.他们非常关心彼此的工作。（each others作work的定语）注意：相互交流:talk to each other（）talk each other（）二、相互代词与指示代词有时that,those指前面提到过的事物，this,those则指下面要讲到的事物。What I want to say is this:Pronunciation is very importa
20、nt in learning English.我要说的是：语音在英语学习中非常重要。that在口语中的习惯用法Thats it.这就对了。That will do.那就可以了。Thats life.人生就是这样 Thats that.情况就是这That does it！受够了！Thats all.就这些了。That is to say.也就是说 Thats all right.不用谢。归纳二、相互代词与指示代词2.指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，有this,that,these,those及such和same等。（1）this,that,these,those这4个词都可以代表
21、前面提到过的事物，this和these是近指，that和those是远指。This is one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 20th century.这是20世纪最重要的考古发现之一。He said,“Thats one small step for a man,one giant leap for mankind.”他说：“这是我个人的一小步，却是人类社会的一大步。”打电话时，this常用来指自己，that常用来指对方。Whos that speaking？你是谁？This is John speaking
22、我是约翰.（that是打电话的用语，this是接电话的用语）有时that,those指前面提到过的事物，this,those则指下面要讲到的事物。I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.我感冒了。这就是我为什么没有来的原因。二、相互代词与指示代词2.指示代词those后可接定语从句表示一类人，在意义上相当于anyone。但those who后的谓语动词用复数，而anyone who后的谓语动词用单数。Those who break the law shall be punished.=Anyone who breaks the law shall be puni
23、shed.任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。（those后break为复数形式，anyone后break为单数形式）（2）suchSuch意为“这样”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。Children should go to bed by eight oclock.Such is my fathers opinion.孩子们8点之前就应该上床睡觉，这是我父亲的观点。（such作主语）The White Horse Temple is important to Chinese people and history,and as such,it is one of the first historic
24、buildings that the government listed to receive special state protection.白马寺对于中国人民和中国历史具有重要意义。正因为如此，它是政府列出的第一批国家级文物保护单位之一。（such作宾语）二、相互代词与指示代词2.指示代词（2）suchSuch意为“这样”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。There is no such thing as free lunch.世上没有免费的午餐。注意：如果修饰的名词前有不定冠词，such放在冠词前，遇到no,one,two,another等限定词时，such必须置于其后。（3）same
25、same意为“同样”，与定冠词the连用，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。The same is true of many sick and aged people.许多患病的老人也一样。（the same作主语）二、相互代词与指示代词2.指示代词（3）samesame意为“同样”，与定冠词the连用，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。In my mind,my hometown remains the same after all these years.时隔多年，故乡在我心目中依然如故。（the same作表语。）I want the same tennis racket as hers
26、.我想要和她一样的网球拍。（the same作定语）三、疑问代词、关系代词与连接代词1.疑问代词主主语宾语表表语定定语跟跟of短短语指人主格Who宾格Whom属格Whose指物whichwhat分类句法功能三、疑问代词、关系代词与连接代词1.疑问代词（1）what意为“什么”，可单独使用，也可放在名词前，可以指代或修饰单复数名词。在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。What makes you think Im a lawyer?是什么让你觉得我是个律师？（what作主语）What kind of lifestyle do you think the people have?你认为这些人会有什么样
27、的生活方式？（what作定语）用来询问职业，常用“what be+主语？”和“What+助动词do+主语+do？”句式。What is your father?你爸爸是做什么的？What did you do before?你以前是做什么的？三、疑问代词、关系代词与连接代词1.疑问代词（1）what用来询问天气、外貌、性格等。Whats the weather in your city this summer?这个夏天你们城市的天气如何？What is your manage like?你经理是个什么样的人？He is humorous.他很幽默。“Whatfor？”可省略为“What for
28、？”用来询问原因和目的。What do you need to borrow money for?你为什么需要借钱？（询问原因）Im going to the bookstore.我要去书店。What for？We neednt buy books.为什么？我们不需要买书。（询问目的）三、疑问代词、关系代词与连接代词1.疑问代词（2）which在明确的、已知的范围中作出选择用which，意为“哪一个，哪一些”，既可以指人，也可以指物。Which of the twins got married to her?那对双胞胎中跟她结婚的是哪一个？（which指人）Which city have yo
29、u visited in China?你在中国游览国哪些城市？（which指物）拓展：which是在特定的人或物中进行选择；what是在未知的范围内进行选择，不局限于任何一件事或物。注意体会二者的区别哦！三、疑问代词、关系代词与连接代词1.疑问代词（3）who,whomwho意为“谁”，可以指单数和复数，作主语、宾语和表语；whom在句中只能做宾语，作动词的宾语时，可用who代替。Who was Queen Marys father?谁是玛丽皇后的父亲？（who作主语）With Whom did you have lunch？你和谁吃的午饭？（作with的宾语，只能用whom）注意：作介词的宾
30、语且跟在介词后时，只能用whom。（4）whose意为“谁的”，与物主代词一样也有形容词性和名词性之分。Whose book is this?这是谁的书？（whose是形容词）Whose is this book？这书是谁的？（whose是代词）三、疑问代词、关系代词与连接代词2.关系代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语的代词，代表从句所修饰的成分。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose和as等。The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the
31、 dead.解放军组成的小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。（who作主语）3.连接代词连接代词大多数由疑问代词充当，用来引导各种名词性从句，并在从句中充当一定的成分，主要有who，whom，whoever，what等。四、不定代词不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。常用的不定代词有some,any,all,both,either,neither,each,every,other,another,much,many,few,little,one等。1.one,that（1）one既可以指人又可指物，泛指同类中的任何一个。复数形式是ones，反身代词是onese
32、lf，物主代词是ones。I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.我希望这里有足够多的玻璃杯，使每个客人可以有一个（one代指任何一个杯子）One should not live for oneself alone.一个人不应只是为自己活着。（one代表泛指，其反身代词是oneself）注意：one不能代指不可数名词。四、不定代词（2）that代指的是同一类事物，表示特指。No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.自己劳动得来的
33、果实最甜。（that后有过去分词短语修饰，表示特指）The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷而昆明的冬天很暖和。（用that代替winter，避免重复）2.no,none,no one（1）no是形容词性的不定代词，只能用作定语，修饰可数和不可数名词。no相当于not a或not any。I have no money in the bag.=I have not any money in the bag.我包里没有钱。四、不定代词（2）none是名词性不定代词，既可指人也可指物，常和of短
34、语连用None of us is/are perfect.我们中没有人是完美的。None of the money is mine.这些钱都不是我的。（money是不可数名词，谓语动词只能用单数）注意：none作主语代替不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。（3）none与all相对，有“全不”的含义，因此none是all的全部否定，指三者以上的人或物。We all made mistakes.我们都错了。=None of us was correct.我们没有一个人是正确的。四、不定代词（4）no one相当于nobody，只能指人，其后不可接of短语，谓
35、语动词用单数。No one helped me；no,not a single person.没有人帮我，一个人也没有。（5）none常用来回答how many,how much引导的疑问句；no one用来回答who引导的疑问句。How much money do you have?你有多少钱？None.一点儿也没有。Who is in the classroom?谁在教室里？No one.没有人。四、不定代词3.each，every（1）each强调个体，可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语，其后可跟of短语。Each boy has a dictionary.每个孩子都有一本词典。every相当
36、于all，强调整体，只能作定语，其后不能跟of短语。Every boy has a dictionary.所有的孩子都有一本词典。注意：every还意为“每隔”。Every other day每隔一天every five days每5天/每隔4天。4.some，any（1）some和any都表示“一些”，用作主语、宾语、表语等。some多用于肯定句中，any多用于否定句和疑问句中。Some teachers,with their performance-related pay,may also gain.一些薪水和工作表现相关的老师，可能也会受益。（some在肯定句中作定语）四、不定代词4.s
37、ome，any（2）some用于表示请求的疑问句中，希望得到肯定的答复。Would you like some tea?你想喝点茶吗？（3）some还可以表示“某一”，修饰单数可数名词。There must be some reason for what shes done.她这样做总有某种原因。（4）any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个，任何一些”。One kiss is usual for the older generation,two acceptable for young people,but three is excessive for any age.通常，对年长者亲吻一次，
38、对年轻人亲吻两次，三次对任何人都不适合。（5）some/any of作主语时，谓语动词的数由of后的名词而定。Some of the food has gone bad.有些食物变质了。I dont think any of them are coming.我认为他们没有人会来。四、不定代词4.some，any（2）some用于表示请求的疑问句中，希望得到肯定的答复。Would you like some tea?你想喝点茶吗？（3）some还可以表示“某一”，修饰单数可数名词。There must be some reason for what shes done.她这样做总有某种原因。（4
39、）any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个，任何一些”。One kiss is usual for the older generation,two acceptable for young people,but three is excessive for any age.通常，对年长者亲吻一次，对年轻人亲吻两次，三次对任何人都不适合。（5）some/any of作主语时，谓语动词的数由of后的名词而定。Some of the food has gone bad.有些食物变质了。I dont think any of them are coming.我认为他们没有人会来。四、不定代词5.bot
40、h,either,neither（1）both表示“两个都”，只能用于两者之间，起名词和形容词的作用。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等，作主语时谓语动词用复数。Both of them are talented.他们俩都很有天赋。（both作主语。）You can take either of the two,but not both.你可以拿两者中的任何一个，但不能两个都拿。（both作宾语）I treated both parties equally.我对双方一视同仁。（both作定语）注意：both，all，every和not连用表示部分否定。（2）either表示“两者中任何一
41、个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。Would you prefer tea or coffee?你喝茶还是咖啡？Oh,I dont mind.Either will do.无所谓，什么都行。四、不定代词5.both,either,neither（3）neither是either的否定形式，意为“两者都不”，用法同either。Is your partner a“couch potato”,a“workaholic”or neither?你的同伴是“懒散在家的人”、“工作狂”，还是两者都不是。He could answer neither of the questions.两个问题他都答不上来。高频
42、考点：当neithernor,eitheror连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致的原则。Neither you nor he is wrong.=Neither he nor you are wrong.你和他都没错。6.other,the other,another,others,the othersOther,another和others表泛指，the other和the others表特指。But other students have started gossiping.但是其他的学生开始在背后议论起来。四、不定代词6.other,the other,another,others,t
43、he othersOther,another和others表泛指，the other和the others表特指。One is popcorn,the other is cigarette.一件是爆米花，；另一件是香烟。Later，it invented another holiday on 2 November,All Souls Day,to honor dead people.之后又将11月2日定为另一个节日-万灵节，以纪念死去的人民。Courage is the quality which guarantees all others.勇气是保证其他品质的品质。Three of us r
44、emain here and all the others go shopping.我们中的3个人留在这里，其余的都去购物了。oneanother一个，另一个 onethe other两者中一个是one，另一个是otheronethe others多数中的一个，其余全部somethe others一些和其余的全部someothers一些和余下的一部分四、不定代词7.few,a few,little,a little肯定a fewa little（有点儿）否定few（几乎没有）little（几乎没有）修饰语修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词或抽象名词I have a few friends in t
45、he city.在这个城市里我有几个朋友。（friends为可数名词复数，此句尾肯定句）I can only speak a little French.我只会说一点法语。（French为不可数名词，此句为肯定句。）四、不定代词7.few,a few,little,a little拓展：修饰不可数名词时，a little后直接跟名词，a bit后需加of；not a little意为“很，非常”；not a bit意为“一点儿也不”a little water=a bit of water一点儿水He is not a little angry.他非常生气。He is not a bit an
46、gry.他一点儿也不生气。四、不定代词8.复合不定代词-one-body-thingsome-someonesomebodysomethingany-anyoneanybodyanythingevery-everyoneeverybodyeverythingno-no one/nonenobodynothing前缀后缀some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句，any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。some-类复合不定代词用于疑问句时，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答，any-类复合不定代词用于疑问句时，表示“任何”之意。四、不定代词8.复合不定代词Does someone here k
47、now Lilys telephone number?这里有人知道莉莉的电话号码吗？I havent seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help.在这周围，我找不到任何能帮助我的人。Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to do it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。归纳：（1）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。（2）形容词修饰复合不定代词时，必须置于其后。代词练习巩固选择填空1.There are several pretty girls st
48、anding under the tree,but _ are known to me.A.neither B.none C.no one D.all2.In one year rats eat 40 to 50 times _ weight.A.its B.and C.their D.theirs3.Youd better continue to use the same spelling of your name as _ you used in your application.A.one B.the one C.any D.some one4.The little baby was l
49、eft alone,with _ to look after it.A.someone B.anyone C.not one D.no one5.John can play chess better than _ else.A.the one B.no one C.any one D.anotherBCBDC代词练习巩固选择填空6.The weight of something is another way of describing the amount of force exerted on _ by gravity.A.it B.them C.thatD.one7.It is one t
50、hing to enjoy listening to good music,but it is quite _ to perform skillfully yourself.A.other B.another C.some D.any8.Children should be taught how to get along with _.A.another B.other C.others D.any other9.The poor man lived on wild berries and roots because they had _ to eat.A.nothing else B.any