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1、优点英语高三一轮复习语法填空超重点 谓语、非谓语从句法层面辨识非谓语知识点：判定谓语、非谓语谓语动词：无论主句还是从句，必须有谓语动词。根据动作发生的不同时间和说话人的情感态度，谓语动词有时态、语态及语气的变化。非谓语动词：顾名思义，在从句中不能充当谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。当句中已有谓语动词，且不需要并列谓语的情况下，要使用非谓语动词形式。口诀：一句一主谓，两谓一连词，无连用非谓核心知识1 非谓语三种形式的区别考点1 非谓语动词作状语1.2023全国甲卷 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (tea
2、ch) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.2.2023全国甲卷There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings, her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.3.2023华中师大附中5月适应性考试Zibo-style barbecues classic three-piece se
3、t contains roast lamb, green onions, and thin pancakes, which, (combine), make a mouth-watering combo(组合餐).4.(1)2023江苏苏州考前冲刺卷 The drama Three-Body contains a lot of thoughts and knowledge inspired by Chinas traditional philosophy and culture, (offer) a distinctive edge for homegrown tales in the wor
4、lds sci-fi landscape.(2)Sadly,his team arrived at Qomolangma Base Camp,only (inform) that all journeys had been stopped because of an avalanche(雪崩)that had killed 16 people.5.(1) The Indian living bridges grow stronger with time. These bridges only allowed 15 to20 people to cross a day when first (c
5、onstruct). After many years, the roots have strengthened, and can hold upwards of 50 people in one day.(2)While (prepare) meals, the Chinese may strive to balance the color, shape, and types of food they choose to eat.(3)2023东北三省三校考前模拟Chinese medicine might be slowly in curing the patient of the dis
6、ease, but it has less serious side effects even if (take) frequently, for each medicinal herb is prescribed (开处方) for the benefit of the patient, causing no harm to the liver or the kidneys.分析 1.不定式作目的状语句意：几千年来，人们讲寓言来传授知识或传递智慧。根据句意和并列连词or可知，空处与后面的to pass on wisdom并列，因此填不定式to teach作目的状语。2.动词-ing形式作伴随
7、状语 分析句子结构可知，her fable begins 是句子的主干，空处和谓语begins之间无连接词连接，且borrow与句子主语her fable之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此填borrowing作状语。3.动词-ed 形式作方式状语 分析句子结构可知，which， (combine),make a mouth-watering combo(组合餐)”为定语从句，先行词为roast lamb, green onions, and thinpancakes，关系代词which在从句中作主语，make是谓语动词。空处应用非谓语动词作方式状语，且combine与其逻辑主语which构成被动关系
8、，故用过去分词combined。4.to do和doing作结果状语的区别(1)句意：电视剧三体中蕴含了大量受中国传统哲学和文化启发的思想和知识，这为本土故事在世界科幻领域提供了独特的优势。根据语境可知，(offer) a distinctive edge for homegrown tales in the worlds sei-fi landscape是自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。(2)句意：不幸的是，他的团队到达了珠穆朗玛峰大本营，却被告知，由于一场雪崩导致16人死亡，所有行程都被叫停了。根据语境可知，only (inform) that all journeys had b
9、een stopped because of an avalanche(雪崩) that had killed 16 people部分是出乎意料的结果；且inform和句子主语his team之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故填不定式的被动式to be informed。【辨易混】非谓语动词在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果时用doing，有时以thus doing形式出现；表示出乎意料的结果时用to do(主动)或to be done(被动)形式。常用于only to do、 too.to do、 so.as to do(如此以至于)结构。5.从属连词+非谓语动词”结构作状语 分析本组句子可知，
10、从属连词when、While even if后均无主语，故空处应填入非谓语动词，构成”从属连词+非谓语动词”结构作状语。题(1)中construct和句子主语These bridges之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词constructed。题(2)中prepare与句子主语the Chinese之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词preparing。题(3)中but后的分句中主语it (指代Chinese medicine)和take之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词，故填taken。指点：(1)分析句子结构，准确判断空处是否为”从属连词+非谓语动词”结构；(2)确定填非谓语动
11、词后，再根据动词与句子主语在逻辑上的主动或被动关系确定用doing还是done形式。注意：该类结构也可以看作是省略了主语和be动词的状语从句，可以把省略部分补全来确定答案。如题(3)从句补充完整应为 even if it is taken frequently。答案 1.to teach 2.borrowing bined 4.(1)offering (2)to be informed5. (1)constructed (2)preparing (3)taken判断作状语的非谓语动词形式句意优先：不能直接判断主被动关系，而要先根据句意，确定空处表示什么意义。 非谓语动词作状语时，要根据构成非谓
12、语的动词与句子主语在逻辑上的主动或被动关系来确定用doing的某种形式还是done。考点2 非谓语动词作定语1.2023新高考卷 Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long baos birthplace.2.2023新高考卷 They (The panda keepers) talk to the flood
13、 of international visitors and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.3.原创 Huangyao, one of the most (visit) tourist spots in Guangxi, has a history of nearly 1,000 years with its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty.4. Most people would
14、probably just see wheat straw as a pile of waste in a farmers field. However, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritor, can turn the straw left over from (harvest) wheat into beautiful and eye-catching functional artworks.5.2023山东济宁三模 The national treasures are no longer cold and distant objects (ho
15、use) in museums but lively and humorous entertainers who can sing and talk.6. A 10-year-old boy has won a prestigious (有声望的) international wildlife photography competition for his shot of a spider (make) its web in the light of passing tuk-tuk.7.2023浙江重点中学6月联考 It is the first time that the Chinese T
16、erracotta Warriors have been exhibited abroad since 2019. Local people and visitors from all over the world will have a unique opportunity (appreciate) the beauty of these archaeological achievements in one of the best museums in Europe.8.I would say that the trip was worth every minute (spend).分析 1
17、.作前置定语 语境表示”上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡”。分析句子结构可知，空处作前置定语，修饰中心词home。recognize与被修饰词 home之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式recognized。2.作前置定语 句意：他们(这些熊猫饲养员)与大量的国际游客以及经常来检查熊猫情况的中国来访的饲养员交谈，这些熊猫是从中国借来的。分析句子结构可知，并列连词 and后承前省略了动词talk， (visit) Chinese zookeepers是名词短语作介词to的宾语，因此，空处是前置定语修饰中心名词 zookeepers，visit与zookeepers构成逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在
18、分visiting。3.作前置定语 与上题对比分析，本题空处也是非谓语动词作前置定语，但visit与tourist spots 构成逻辑上的被动关系。one of the most visited tourist spots被参观最多的旅游景点之一”，即游客数量最多的景点之一。4.作前置定语 分析句子结构可知，left over from (harvest) wheat在句中作后置定语修饰宾语the straw，其中空处作前置定语修饰名词wheat，且 harvest与wheat构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词harvested。5.作后置定语 句意：这些国宝不再是被存放在博物馆里冰冷、遥远
19、的物品，而是能唱能说、活泼幽默的艺人。句中 (house) in museums作后置定语，修饰前面的名词objects，house与之构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词housed。【词类活用】house 常用作名词，意为房子”，此处活用作动词，意为“收藏，安置”。6.作后置定语 分析句子结构可知， (make) its web.tuk-tuk在句中作定语修饰名词spider, spider和make构成逻辑上的主动关系，故填making。7.作后置定语 分析句子结构可知，” (appreciate) the beauty of these archaeological achievemen
20、ts作后置定语修饰名词opportunity, opportunity后常跟动词不定式作定语，故填to appreciate。8.作后置定语 分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语修饰前面的名词every minute, spend与every minute之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词spent。答案 1.recognized 2. visiting 3. visited 4. harvested 5.housed 6. making 7. to appreciate 8.spent非谓语动词作定语用法小结考点3 非谓语动词作补语1. (1) 2023江西南昌二模 Several nati
21、ons have proposed that they wish to have their astronauts (send) to the Tiangong space station.(2) 2023重庆三模 Horses, dragons, the Monkey King from Chinese legend,skeletonsyou probably wouldnt expect to see this collection of animals and pop cultural icons (fly) together in the sky, but this spectacle
22、 happens every year in Weifang, the World Kite Capital in Shandong Province.(3) 2023新高考卷 No matter where I buy them, though,one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left (want) more next time.(4) Rescuers found the scared child (stand) in some vines and bushes in
23、the jungle, so they immediately picked the child up and rushed back to the worried family.2. (1) 2023福建厦门二模 Shenzhens first coffee-themed post office opened at the Science and Technology Park in Nanshan District. Postal elements can be seen everywhere, with stamps, postcards and cakes in the shapes
24、of mailboxes, mail carts and an old-style postman bicycle (exhibit).(2) Clones of different kinds are produced in various ways, and most are produced in the laboratory, with some of them (occur) in several species in a natural way.分析 1. 考查“使役动词/感官动词/find/catch/keep/leave+宾语+宾补”结构中的补语形式。(1)根据句意判断，句中h
25、ave意为使，让”，空处应填非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语their astronauts 和send之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词sent作补语。常见的使役动词后作补语的非谓语动词形式(2)分析句子结构可知，see this collection of animals and pop cultural icons (fly)是感官动词see+宾语+宾补结构。宾语 this collection of animals and pop cultural icons和fly在逻辑上为主动关系,且fly表示的动作正在进行，故用现在分词flying。【划重点】常见的感官动词有：五看(see/wat
26、ch/notice/observe/look at)；两听(hear/listen to)；一感觉(feel)。(3)根据固定结构leave+宾语+宾补可知，该题考查其被动语态的变式结构。在被动结构中，原宾补变为主补。空处want与句子主语I构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词wanting。(4)语境表示救援人员发现那个受惊的孩子正站在丛林里的藤蔓和灌木丛中”。此处为find+宾语+宾补”结构，child与stand之间为逻辑上的主动关系，而且表示动作正在进行，应用现在分词 standing。2.考查介词with后的宾补形式。分析句子结构可知，两题空处均为with +宾语+宾补”结构。题(1)
27、中宾语stamps, postcards and cakes in the shapes of mailboxes, mail carts and an old- style postman bicycle与exhibit之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词exhibited。题(2)中宾语some of them与occur之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用occurring。【划重点】with+宾语+宾补结构中作补语的非谓语动词形式：1 doing(主动、进行); 2 done(被动、完成); 3 to do(表将来，意为有要做)。答案 1.(1)sent (2)flying (3) wanti
28、ng (4) standing 2.(1)exhibited (2)occurring考点4 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语1.原创The terrain (地形) in these regions is mountainous, with jungles and waterfalls making any kind of permanent road structures impossible. This is why (create) living bridges with the roots of living banyan trees is the most practical opti
29、on.2.2023河南名校5月联考As the new immigrants gain financial independence and a greater knowledge of the surrounding city, they may choose (stay) close to known friends and neighbors for comfort.3.2023浙江金丽衢十二校二模 The Diagram of Tai Chi, or the black and white, teardrop-shaped diagram of yin and yang, was de
30、rived from (observe) shadows which were cast on a sundial(日晷) at midday throughout the year.4. We use bicycles today for recreation, fitness and so on. Without the bicycle, much of the world might stop (work),5. She didnt appear (trouble). Instead, she seemed excited by the thought of one day becomi
31、ng a flower.分析 1.动词-ing 作主语 分析句子结构可知, (create) living bridges with the roots of living banyan trees在从句中作主语，故用creating。2.不定式作动词宾语 句意：随着新移民获得经济独立和对周围城市的更多了解，他们可能会选择与熟悉的朋友和邻居待在一起寻求安慰。choose to do sth.表示”选择做某事”，为固定搭配，不定式作choose的宾语，故填to stay。3.动词-ing作介词宾语 空处在介词from后作宾语，故填observing。4.动词-ing作动词宾语 句意：没有自行车，
32、世界上很多东西可能停止运行。表示停止质某事应用stop doing sth.，故填working。5.动词-ed 作表语 空处位于系动词appear后，在句中作表语，与句子主语She构成逻辑上的被动关系，表示被困扰”，故用过去分词troubled。答案 1.creating 2.to stay 3.observing 4.working 5.troubled非谓语动词作宾语的4种情况情况1 介词的宾语：在介词 before、after、 for、of、about、on、from 等后用doing作宾语表示主动，being done表示被动。情况2 (1)某些动词、动词短语后只能用doing作宾
33、语：consider、suggest/advise、excuse/pardon(原谅)、admit、delay/put off、deny、avoid、miss、keep、practice、risk、allow/permit、imagine、mind、finish、enjoy/appreciate、dislike、feel like、look forward to等；(2)某些动词后只能用to do作宾语：promise、 offer、 choose、 plan、aim、want/would like/expect/hope/wish、 learn、decide/determine、refuse
34、、pretend、manage等。情况3 一些动词之后既可以加to do，也可以加doing，但意义不同，如：remember to do sth.记得要做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事try to do sth. 努力做某事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事try doing st
35、h. 尝试做某事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事情况4 like、love、prefer、start、begin之后既可以加to do，也可以加doing，意义基本相同。核心知识2 非谓语动词的固定用法1.2023新高考卷 The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the s
36、team and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).2.2023广东三模 China Energy Investment Corp. says it is the first solar farm in the country (include) an ultra high voltage power transmission channel that will bring the electricity
37、 generated there to Hunan Province.3.In his opinion,good childrens sci-fi should have four features: it must be nice to kids; it must be very easy (understand) in terms of science; it must feature an interesting story to draw childrens attention; and it must present amazing and wonderful aspects of
38、sci-fi.4.The earliest existing root carving was dug out in the 1980s in Hubei Province, which is believed (have) a history of over two thousand years.分析 1.分析句子结构可知，whether (bite) a small hole in it first相当于一个名词短语，在句中作decide的宾语，故填to bite，构成”疑问词+不定式”结构。”疑问词+不定式结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。【拓展】常见的可以跟“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动
39、词有：decide、 discover、 explain.consider、 ask imagine、 learn、 remember、tell、 understand、wonder等。2.分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作定语，修饰名词solar farm，该名词前有序数词 the first修饰，因此应用动词不定式作定语。3.该句为sb./sth. +be +adj.+to do句型，故填to understand。【避误区】部分考生认为主语it和understand之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此错填 to be understood。在该句型中，不定式用主动形式表被动合义。4.语境表示”它被认
40、为已经有2000多年的历史了”，be believed to do sth.表示”被认为做某事”，故填to have。答案1.to bite 2. to include 3.to understand 4.to have固定搭配中的不定式根据句意判断，在表示“目的”“将来”“出乎意料的结果”和”引起某种情绪的原因”时，应用动词不定式。除此之外，一些固定搭配中也需要用动词不定式，如：1.在特定的一些名词后常用动词不定式作定语，常见的这类名词有： way (方法)、ability、chance/opportunity、possibility、plan、attempt、decision、right、
41、courage、time、reason等。2.特殊疑问词 what、how、who、when、where等之后常加动词不定式，构成“特殊疑问词。动词不定式”结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，如 what to do、how to do it,who to blame等。3.名词前有序数词 the first/the second、the last或最高级等修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语。如：The last one to come pays for the meal.4.在固定搭配sb. be said/reported/thought to do”中要用动词不定式，该搭配相当于 Its sai
42、d/reported/thought that.。5.在be + adj.+ to do”结构中，当形容词表示心理情绪时，如happy. glad.delighted、 honored, sad、 disappointed、afraid等，用to do形式表示主动，to be done 表示被动；当形容词表示性质特征时，如good、bad、easy、hard等，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。核心知识3 非谓语动词的时态和语态1.2023新高考卷 Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (l
43、ift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.2.2023河南八校5月联考 Tall and leafy, bamboo is an ideal plant for household courtyards and parks. It tolerates the heat of summer and the cold of winter, and it regenerates after (cut).3. Peoples medical data is highly sensit
44、ive information; people expect it (handle) carefully and securely,and organizations have a responsibility according to the law.分析 1.allow sth. to do表示允许某物做某事”，因此空处应填动词不定式。them与lift之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故应用动词不定式的被动式，故填to be lifted。2.此处在介词后作宾语，应用动名词。语境表示它在被砍倒之后会再生”，应用being done作宾语，故填being cut。3.句意：人们的医疗数据是高度敏感
45、的信息，人们希望该信息能被小心、安全地处理，并且根据法律，机构也负有责任。此处为“expect+宾语+to do sth.”结构，it指代 Peoples medical date,与handle之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填不定式的被动式。答案 1.to be lifted 2.being cut 3.to be handled非谓语动词的时、语态变化一般式完成式主动被动主动被动doingbeing donehaving donehaving been doneto doto be doneto have doneto have been done核心知识4形容词化的分词1. Most of
46、these individuals are senior citizens in search of new friends and activities to keep themselves (occupy).2. In China, harmony is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavour is ased in a (balance) way to create delicious food.3. Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results
47、so far are (encourage).分析 1.分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作宾补，应用形容词occupied表示忙于”2.句意：在中国，和谐体现在中国烹饪中,几乎每一种味道都以一种均衡的方式使用,以创造美味的食物。根据空前的a和空后的名词way可知，空处要用形容词；结合句意可知填balanced”均衡的”。3.句意：生物打印可能是一个相对较新的领域，但迄今为止的结果是鼓舞人心的。空处位于are之后，在句中作表语；此处表示鼓舞人心的”，故填形容词encouraging。答案 1.occupied 2.balanced 3.encouraging形容词化的分词用法小结1.一些固定结构中，形容词化的过去分词不表示被动关系而表状态，如be seated、be lost in、be occupied in、be devoted to、be dressed