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1、 Chapter 2 rice products processing知识点1 The Aim of Rice MillingThe Aim of Rice MillingTo attain the highest yield of white rice.The objective of rice milling is removal of hulls,bran,and germ,with minimum breakage of endosperms.稻谷制米工艺稻谷制米工艺Milling quality and yield?No rice variety can be commerciall
2、y successful unless it possesses high whole kernel(head)and total milled rice yield.?Whole-kernel(head)rice yield（整精米率）（整精米率）is the quantity of intact whole kernels(including broken kernels three-quarters or more in length)of well-milled rice obtainable from given quantities of rough(paddy)rice.?Tot
3、al milled rice yield（出米率）（出米率）includes whole kernel(head)and all other sizes of broken kernels obtainable from specified amounts of rough rice.?Milling quality is usually reported as a percentage of whole-kernel(head)rice and total milled rice obtained from a unit of rough rice.?Average milling yiel
4、ds of whole kernel rice was 5563%from long-grain rice,and 5766%from medium-and short-grain types.工艺流程（工艺流程（flowchart）清理清理 砻谷及谷下物分离砻谷及谷下物分离 碾米碾米 成品成品及副产品的整理及副产品的整理 1 1、稻谷的清理、稻谷的清理清理的目的与要求清理的目的与要求除去杂质，净谷上砻除去杂质，净谷上砻方法：风选、筛选、密度分选、磁选、精选方法：风选、筛选、密度分选、磁选、精选2 2、垄谷及垄下物分离、垄谷及垄下物分离 Husking and separation of po
5、st-husking mixtureHusking and separation of post-husking mixture Husking means the technological procedure of removing the husk from paddy.稻谷加工中脱去稻壳的工艺过程称为稻谷加工中脱去稻壳的工艺过程称为垄谷垄谷。The post-husking mixture means the mixtures after the husking of paddy,which contains brown rice,un-husked paddy,husk,rough
6、bran,broken brown rice,and green paddy(unripe rice).稻谷垄谷后的混合物称为稻谷垄谷后的混合物称为筛下物筛下物，主要有糙米、未脱壳，主要有糙米、未脱壳的稻谷、稻壳及毛糠、碎糙米和未成熟粒等。的稻谷、稻壳及毛糠、碎糙米和未成熟粒等。?（1）砻谷：砻谷机?（2）谷壳分离Husking separation?谷壳分离是指从垄下物中将稻壳分离出来的过程。?（3）谷糙分离Rice husked separation for paddy and brown rice?出于垄谷机不可能一次全部脱去稻谷颖壳，垄谷后的糙米中仍有一小部分稻谷未脱壳。为保证净糙入机
7、碾米，故需进行谷糙分离。3 3、碾米（、碾米（millingmilling）?The purpose of rice milling is to remove the rice bran on the surface of brown rice.?Although there are many nutrients(such as fat,protein,etc)in rice bran,the rice bran is of low edible quality and hard to storage,for high content of fiber in the rice bran and
8、 poor moisture absorption and dilatability.?碾米的目的主要是碾除糙米的皮层。糙米皮层虽含有较多的营养素如脂肪、蛋白质等，但粗纤维含量高，吸水性、膨胀性差，食用品质低劣且不耐贮藏。?机械碾米按其作用力的特性分为摩擦擦离碾白和研削碾白。?Milling by friction and rub,and milling by griding.碾米的基本原理4 4、成品及副产品的整理、成品及副产品的整理Handling of finished products and by-productsHandling of finished products and by-products 擦米擦米Rice brushing：除去白米表面的糠粉：除去白米表面的糠粉凉米凉米Rice cooling：降低米温，以利于贮藏：降低米温，以利于贮藏白米分级白米分级Rice grading：白米分级的目的是根据成品质量：白米分级的目的是根据成品质量要求分离出超过标准的碎米。要求分离出超过标准的碎米。