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1、Group standardTL 81000Issue 2018-03Class. No.:8MD00Descriptors:EMC, ESD, electrostatic discharge, immunity, interference immunity, interference emission, pulseElectromagnetic Compatibility of Electronic Components for Motor Vehicles EMC changesPrevious issuesTL 965: 2012-04; TL 82066: 2006-11; TL 82
2、166: 2011-01; TL 82366: 2008-02; TL 82466: 2009-06;TL 82566: 2011-05; TL 81000: 2013-02; TL 81000: 2014-04; TL 81000: 2016-02ChangesThe following changes have been made to TL 81000: 2016-02: Standard completely revised.Contents 12344.14.1.14.1.24.1.34.1.44.1.555.15.1.15.1.25.1.35.1.45.2PageScope3Def
3、initions. 3Symbols and abbreviations6General information. 7Requirements and terms7Temperature.Run-in timeTest voltageTest documentation. 7. 7. 7. 7Function performance status classification (FPSC)8Component level.Electrostatic discharge (ESD).General requirements for ESD component testingTests at as
4、sembly level (packaging and handling)Tests at system level. 9. 9. 9. 12. 14ESD documentation/test documents19Interference immunity19Always use the latest version of this standard.This electronically generated standard is authentic and valid without signature.The English translation is believed to be
5、 accurate. In case of discrepancies, the German version controls.Page 1 of 106K-ILIUwe WiesnerTel.:Tel.:Technical responsibility EEIZFrankI/EE-25Dr. Jrn+49 841 89 90833+49 5361 9 17063LeopoldGolischThe Standards department K-ILI/5 DirkTel.:+49 5361 9 32438BeinkerAll rights reserved. No part of this
6、document may be provided to third parties or reproduced without the prior consent of one of the Volkswagen Groups Standards departments. Volkswagen AktiengesellschaftVWNORM-2018-02Page 105TL 81000: 2018-035.2.1General requirements for component interference immunity tests195.2.2BCI test205.2.35.2.45
7、.2.55.2.65.35.3.15.3.25.3.35.3.45.3.55.3.65.3.75.3.85.3.95.3.105.3.115.45.4.15.4.25.4.35.4.45.4.566.16.1.16.1.26.1.36.1.46.1.56.26.2.16.2.26.2.36.2.46.36.3.16.3.26.3.378Appendix A A.1Appendix B B.1B.2B.3Appendix CAntenna23Stripline26Mobile radio communications test28Magnetic field test30Interference
8、 emission35Overview of emission tests and frequency ranges35Specific interference emission terms, definitions, and abbreviations36General requirements HF emissions from component measurements36Limit classes38Artificial network (AN test)38Antennas (RE test)39Stripline (SL test, optional)42Clamp-on cu
9、rrent probe (CP test, optional)44Magnetic field coil 12 cm46Magnetic field coil 60 cm51Isotropic magnetic field coil 100 cm254Pulse58Test equipment58Pulse forms61Functional states65Pulsed interference on supply cables65Pulsed interference on sensor cables71Vehicle level78Interference emission78Frequ
10、ency range during vehicle measurement78Requirements78Measurement setup79Antennas and related components81Test receiver settings and limits for vehicle measurements81Interference immunity83Interference immunity test (far field)84Mobile radio communications test with exterior antenna attached to the v
11、ehicle88Mobile radio communications test using portable mobile radio communications devices in the vehicle interior90Additional measurements in the free field92Electrostatic discharge ESD92General requirements for ESD full vehicle testing92Test setup and test conditions for tests at vehicle level93P
12、rocedure for tests at vehicle level93Applicable documents94Bibliography96ESD97Geometric setup of the ESD coupling structure for indirect discharges atsystem level97Interference immunity98Test severity levels for BCI testing98Conversion of dB(A) into mA99Magnetic field correlation between magnetic fi
13、eld strength H and magneticflux density B99Emission101Measurements in the AM range101101101104106C.1.Subjective evaluation of interference suppressionC.2.Analog radio and TV ranges and radio applicationsC.2.1.Digital radio and TV ranges (DAB, DVB-T, etc.)C.2.2.Long-distance interference suppressionC
14、.2.3.1 ScopeThis Technical Supply Specification (TL) comprises and defines requirements and tests at the component and vehicle levels that are used to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of electronic assemblies and systems with respect to: Electrostatic discharges that can directly or in
15、directly couple into an assembly or into supply and signal cables (during the installation process, during servicing, or during vehicle opera tion). Radiated interference that can couple into a vehicles supply and signal cables or into electron ic assemblies and systems. Pulsed interference on suppl
16、y cables caused by electrical and electronic components on pow er supply cables or on signal and sensor cables that are directly or indirectly (e.g., via switch contacts, relay contacts, or valves/actuators/sensors) galvanically connected to power supply cables. Pulsed interference on sensor cables;
17、 not included in this category are cables that are part of the power supply and are therefore subject to pulsed interference on supply cables. In order to simulate the capacitive coupling of a disturbance into an interference sink, a coupling clamp is used, and a current injection probe is used in o
18、rder to simulate inductive coupling. This makes it possible to achieve repeatable and comparable results. Radio interference suppression and the associated limiting of interference emissions from electrical and electronic vehicle components. The measuring methods and limits must ensure that the high
19、-frequency receivers operated in the vehicle have interference-free reception. De pending on the radio application in the vehicle, tests must be performed using the special fre quency bands for radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, mobile telephony, and mobile radio communications between 0.1
20、 MHz and 6.0 GHz. Requirements will be considered met only after the appropriate EMC department of the Volkswagen Group obtains positive results from the component tests and full vehicle testing (including those in section C.2.3 Long-dis tance interference suppression). To a large extent, the measur
21、ing methods, measuring condi tions, and measuring setups correspond to those in the international standard CISPR 25 and are either referenced or have been adopted from the standard with changes. However, the specifications in this standard take precedence over the specifications in CISPR 25. Magneti
22、c fields that are generated.2 DefinitionsAir discharge (for ESD)Amplitude AssemblyComponentTest method of quickly bringing the charged test generator electrode close to the DUT. Discharge takes place by means of sparkover to the DUT.Corresponds to the simple peak value or maximum value.An assembly i
23、s an individual component or a combination of components as supplied by a contractor.General term for an electronic component, assembly, or system (e.g., elec tronic control unit (ECU), sensor, actuator).Contact discharge (for ESD)Test method of bringing the test generator electrode into contactCoup
24、ling Coupling clampCurrent injection probe DUTDamageDegradationwith the DUT. Discharge is then initiated by the generator discharge switch. Coupling is interference on cables caused by the transfer of power from one cable to another.A device with defined dimensions and characteristics used for the c
25、ommon mode coupling of a disturbance to the circuit under test without a galvanic connection.A current transformer for coupling a disturbance into the circuit under test without a galvanic connection to it.Electronic component, assembly, or system to be tested (device under test).One or more functio
26、ns of the device do not perform as designed during and after exposure to the disturbance and the device has to be repaired or re placed or, if there is still functional capability, some parameters do not lie within the specified tolerances.When a devices operation is impaired in such a way that is n
27、ot negligible but still accepted as permissible. Degradation ends when the disturbance subsides.Direct discharge (for electrostatic discharge (ESD)the DUTA discharge that is discharged directly ontoDisturbanceElectromagnetic quantity that can cause undesirable interference in electri cal equipment.
28、Disturbance serves as a generic term for such terms as in terference voltage, interference current, interfering signal, and interference energy.Duration of single pulse (td)Time interval between the pulses rise to over 10% of the amplitude and its subsequent fall below this value.Electromagnetic com
29、patibility (EMC)The ability of electrical equipment to function satisfactorily inan electromagnetic environment without unduly influencing its environment (including other equipment).Electromagnetic interference (EMI)Electromagnetic effects (e.g., fields) on circuits, components,Fall time (tf) Funct
30、ion failureand systems (e.g., of a vehicle).The time required to go from 90% to 10% of the amplitude.Impairment of a devices function to a degree that is no longer permissible and where the function can only be restored by technical intervention.ISO 7637-1,ISO 11452-1,Function performance status cla
31、ssification (FPSC)This standard uses FPSC as per definition infound inand ISO 10605. A detailed description can besection 4.1.5.Height of single pulse (V, I)Maximum height exceeding the ripple amplitudeImpairmentUndesirable impairment of a devices operation.Indirect discharge (for ESD)The discharge
32、occurs onto a coupling structure in the vicinity of thedevice under test (DUT) and simulates a discharge onto objects that are near to the DUT or discharges that flow in cables next to DUT cables in the wiring harness.Industrial assembly matrix (IBK)Component that can be used for various Group brand
33、s.Interference emission Interference immunityInterference pulse Interference sinkDisturbance emitted by an interference source.The ability of electrical equipment to withstand specific disturbances with out malfunctioning.Non-periodic, brief positive and/or negative disturbance (voltage or current)
34、between two steady state conditions.Electrical or electronic equipment whose operation can be influenced by disturbances.Interference source Interference thresholdOrigin of the disturbance or electrical device in the vehicle that emits the disturbance.Minimum value of a disturbance that causes a mal
35、function in an interfer ence sink.Interference when starting the engineVoltage drop below the normal level, caused by the switchInterfering circuit Malfunctioning on and turning of the starter. In engaging alternators, this interference usually includes an initial single pulse when the starter is sw
36、itched on and a state while it is turning.A circuit that emits interference.Disturbance of the devices function to a degree that is no longer permissi ble. The malfunction ends after the disturbance subsides.Nominal voltage of the power supply systemThe nominal voltage of the power supply system isP
37、arallel routing PeakPeak power Pulse intervalspecified in order to be independent from the used battery technology.In this document, parallel routing describes cables following the same path within a wiring harness.Transitional process, during which the height of the ripple amplitude is ex ceeded fo
38、r less than 150 s. Peaks are generally oscillating and arise from high-frequency currents caused by sudden load changes. The duration of a decreasing oscillation is defined as less than 1/20 of the interval between two sequential peaks. Thus, decreasing oscillation after this time is to be regarded
39、as ripple. Frequent causes of decreasing oscillations include igni tion systems and rectifiers at the output of alternators.Energy per unit of time for decreasing peaks.Time interval between the end of one pulse and the start of the following pulse.Pulse repetition frequencyNumber of pulses per unit
40、 of time.Pulse sequence Return timeRippleRipple magnitudeRise time (tr)Signal or sensor cableSingle pulseSteady state condition Supply voltageA number of repeated pulses during a defined time interval.Interval between the state in which the voltage increases above its normal value due to a transitio
41、nal process and the point in time at which the volt age drops back to its original value and stays there.More or less regular changes in voltage around the voltage level that arises in the system in its steady state condition. Transitional processes and fre quencies below 10 Hz are excluded (apart f
42、rom the process of starting the engine).The maximum change in voltage caused by rippling above or below the average level is called upper or lower amplitude. The ripple from amplitude to amplitude is defined by the maximum distance between the upper and lower amplitudes.The time required to go from 10% to 90% of the amplitude.Cables that are not directly or indirectly (via switch or relay contacts or valves/actuators/sensors) galvanically connected to the power supply ca bles.A n