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1、2024年TOEFL阅读理解真题汇总 为了让大家更好的打算托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。 托福阅读真题1 In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers and fruit were typically the province of the botanical artist interested in scientific illustration rather than being the subjects of fine art. Early in the nineteenth century,
2、however, the Peale family of Philadelphia established the still life, a picture consisting mainly of inanimate objects, as a valuable part of the artist's repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and Sarah Miriam Peale are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely colored, small in size,
3、and representing little more than what they are. In contrast were the highly symbolic, complex compositions by Charles Bird King, with their biting satire and critical social commentary. Each of these strains comminuted into and well past mid-century. John F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Penn
4、sylvania still-life tradition that arose, at least in part, from the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from around 1850 to 1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one of the Peales' pieces on a larger scale, with greater complexity resulting from the number of objects. It is also ind
5、ebted to the luncheon type of still life found in seventeenth-century Dutch painting. The opened bottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed suggest a number of unseen guests. The appeal of the fruit and nuts to our sense of taste is heightened by the juicy orange, which has already b
6、een sliced. The arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different parts, not always compositionally integrated, with all objects of essentially equal importance. About 1848, Severin Roesen came to the United States from Germany and settled in New York City, where he began to paint large, l
7、ush still lifes of flowers, fruit, or both, often measuring over four feet across. Still Life with fruit and champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous rendering of detail, compact composition, and unabashed abundance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the beautifully painted objects carr
8、y additional meanings butterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence of life, a bird's nest with eggs means fertility, and so on. Above all, Roesen's art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of its citizens. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The artwork of
9、James and Sarah Miriam Peale (B) How Philadelphia became a center for art in the nineteenth century (C) Nineteenth-century still-life paintings in the United States (D) How botanical art inspired the first still-life paintings 2. Which of the following is mentioned as a characteristic of the still l
10、ifes of James and Sarah Miriam Peale? (A) simplicity (B) symbolism (C) smooth texture (D) social commentary 3. The word biting in line 8 is closest in meaning to (A) simple (B) sorrowful (C) frequent (D) sharp 4. The word It in line 13 refers to (A) Luncheon Still Life (B) one of the Peales' pie
11、ces (C) a larger scale (D) the number of objects 5. The word heightened in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated (B) directed (C) observed (D) increased 6. The word meticulous in line 23 is closest in meaning to (A) careful (B) significant (C) appropriate (D) believable 7. Which of the fo
12、llowing terms is defined in the passage ? (A) repertoire (line 5) (B) satire (line 8) (C) additive (line 17) (D) rendering (line 23) 8. All of the following are mentioned as characteristics of Roesen's still lifes EXCEPT that they (A) are symbolic (B) use simplified representations of flowers an
13、d fruit (C) include brilliant colors (D) are large in size 9. Which of the following is mentioned as the dominant theme in Roesen's painting? (A) Fertility (B) Freedom (C) Impermanence (D) Abundance PASSAGE 89 CADAD ACBD 托福阅读真题2 Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took pl
14、ace in the Mesozoic era occurred late in that era, among the small organisms that populate the uppermost, sunlit portion of the oceans the plankton. The term plankton is a broad one, designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weakly propel themselves through the sea. In the
15、late stages of the Mesozoic era, during the Cretaceous period, there was a great expansion of plankton that precipitated skeletons or shells composed of two types of mineral: silica and calcium carbonate. This development radically changed the types of sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, bec
16、ause, while the organic parts of the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized skeletons often survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth's long history, very large quantities of silica skeletons, which would eventually harden into rock, began to pile up
17、in parts of the deep sea. Thick deposits of calcareous ooze made up of the tiny remains of the calcium carbonate-secreting plankton also accumulated as never before. The famous white chalk cliffs of Dover, in the southeast of England, are just one example of the huge quantities of such material that
18、 amassed during the Cretaceous period; there are many more. Just why the calcareous plankton were so prolific during the latter part of the Cretaceous period is not fully understood. Such massive amounts of chalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period of time. The high b
19、iological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led to ideal conditions for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum. Sediments rich in organic material accum
20、ulated along the margins of the Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-west ocean that formed when Earth's single landmass (known as Pangaea) split apart during the Mesozoic era. Many of today's important oil fields are found in those sediments in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and i
21、n the states of Texas and Louisiana in the United States. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) How sediments were built up in oceans during the Cretaceous period (B) How petroleum was formed in the Mesozoic era (C) The impact of changes in oceanic animal and plant life in the Mesozoic era (D
22、) The differences between plankton found in the present era and Cretaceous plankton 2. The passage indicates that the Cretaceous period occurred (A) in the early part of the Mesozoic era (B) in the middle part of the Mesozoic era (C) in the later part of the Mesozoic era (D) after the Mesozoic era 3
23、. The passage mentions all of the following aspects of plankton EXCEPT (A) the length of their lives (B) the level of the ocean at which they are found (C) their movement (D) their size 4. The word accumulated in line 8 is closest in meaning to (A) depended (B) matured (C) dissolved (D) collected 5.
24、 According to the passage , the most dramatic change to the oceans caused by plankton during the Cretaceous period concerned (A) the depth of the water (B) the makeup of the sediment on the ocean floor (C) the decrease in petroleum-producing sediment (D) a decline in the quantity of calcareous ooze
25、on the seafloor 6. The white chalk cliffs of Dover are mentioned in line 14 of the passage to (A) show where the plankton sediment first began to build up (B) provide an example of a plankton buildup that scientists cannot explain (C) provide an example of the buildup of plankton sediment (D) indica
26、te the largest single plankton buildup on Earth 7. The word prolific in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) fruitful (B) distinct (C) determined (D) energetic 8. The word ideal in line 20 is closest in meaning to (A) common (B) clear (C) perfect (D) immediate 9. The word it in line 22 refers to (A)
27、 biological productivity (B) oil (C) organic material (D) petroleum PASSAGE 90 CCADB CACC 托福阅读真题3 The term art deco has come to encompass three distinct but related design trends of the 1920's and 1930's. The first was what is frequently referred to as zigzag moderne the exotically ornamenta
28、l style of such skyscrapers as the Chrysler Building in New York City and related structures such as the Paramount Theater in Oakland, California. The word zigzag alludes to the geometric and stylized ornamentation of zigzags, angular patterns, abstracted plant and animal motifs, sunbursts, astrolog
29、ical imagery, formalized fountains, and related themes that were applied in mosaic relief, and mural form to the exterior and interior of the buildings. Many of these buildings were shaped in the ziggurat form, a design resembling an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower that recedes in progressively sm
30、aller stages to the summit, creating a staircase-like effect. The second manifestation of art deco was the 1930's streamlined moderne style a Futuristic-looking aerodynamic style of rounded corners and horizontal bands known as speed stripes. In architecture, these elements were frequently accom
31、panied by round windows, extensive use of glass block, and flat rooftops. The third style, referred to as either international stripped classicism, or simply classical moderne, also came to the forefront during the Depression, a period of severe economic difficult in the 1930's. This was a more
32、conservative style, blending a simplified modernistic style with a more austere form of geometric and stylized relief sculpture and other ornament, including interior murals. Many buildings in this style were erected nationwide through government programs during the Depression. Although art deco in
33、its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it. For example, like art nouveau (1890-1910), art deco also used plant motifs, but regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than p
34、resenting them as flowing, asymmetrical foliage, like the Viennese craftspeople of the Wiener Werkstatte, art deco designers worked with exotic materials, geometricized shapes, and colorfully ornate patterns. Furthermore, like the artisans of the Arts and Crafts Movement in England and the United St
35、ates, art deco practitioners considered it their mission to transform the domestic environment through well-designed furniture and household accessories. 1. What aspect of art deco does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The influence of art deco on the design of furniture and household accessories (B)
36、 Ways in which government programs encouraged the development of art deco (C) Architectural manifestations of art deco during the 1920's and 1930's (D) Reasons for the popularity of art deco in New York and California 2. The word encompass in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) separate (B)
37、include (C) replace (D) enhance 3. The phrase The first in line 2 refers to (A) the term art deco (B) design trends (C) the 1920's and 1930's (D) skyscrapers 4. In line 9, the author mentions an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower in order to (A) describe the exterior shape of certain art deco
38、 buildings (B) explain the differences between ancient and modern architectural steles (C) emphasize the extent of architectural advances (D) argue for a return to more traditional architectural design 5. The streamlined moderne style is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT (A) animal motifs
39、 (B) flat roofs (C) round windows (D) speed stripes 6. The phrase came to the forefront in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) grew in complexity (B) went through a process (C) changed its approach (D) became important 7. According to the passage , which of the following statements most accurately
40、describes the relationship between art deco and art nouveau? (A) They were art forms that competed with each other for government support during the Depression era. (B) They were essentially the same art form. (C) Art nouveau preceded art deco and influenced it. (D) Art deco became important in the
41、United States while art nouveau became popular in England. 8. According to the passage , a building having an especially ornate appearance would most probably have been designed in the style of (A) zigzag moderne (B) streamlined moderne (C) classical moderne (D) the Arts and Crafts Movement 9. Accor
42、ding to the passage , which of the following design trends is known by more than one name? (A) Zigzag moderne (B) Streamlined moderne (C) International stripped classicism (D) Arts and Crafts Movement 10. The passage is primarily developed as (A) the historical chronology of a movement (B) a description of specific buildings that became famous for their unusual beauty (C) an analysis of various trends within an artistic movement (D) an argument of the advantages of one artistic form over another PASSAGE 91 CBBAA DCACC