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1、Unit 4 Life on Mars Reading知识精讲知识点01 crowded 教材P52【用法详解】1.crowded adj. 人（太）多的；拥挤的In winter, the place is crowded with skiers.冬季，这地方满是滑雪的人。London was very crowded.伦敦拥挤不堪。2.crowded adj. 充满的；挤满的a room crowded with books堆满书籍的房间We have a very crowded schedule.我们的日程排得满满的。【典例讲解】Many people move to this cit
2、y every year. It becomes _.A.crowded and crowdedB.more crowded and more crowdedC.more and more crowdedD.more crowded and crowded【拓展】1. crowd 作为名词的用法1) 人群；观众He pushed his way through the crowd.他在人群中往前挤。Police had to break up the crowd.警方不得不驱散人群。2) 一伙人；一帮人Bob introduced her to some of the usual crowd.
3、鲍勃把她介绍给常见面的几个朋友。3) the crowd n. 群众；民众；老百姓；凡夫俗子We all like to think westand out from the crowd.我们都喜欢认为自己胜人一筹。He prefers to beone of the crowd.他宁愿做个凡夫俗子。2. crowd 作为动词的用法1) 挤满；塞满；使拥挤Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.成千上万的人把狭窄的街道挤得水泄不通。2) 涌上（心头）；涌入（脑海）Memories crowded his mind.往事涌上他的心头。知识点0
4、2 increase 教材P52【用法详解】1. increase v. （使）增长，增多；增加 反义词：decrease 减少The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.人口已从120万增加到了180万。The price of oil increased.石油价格上涨了。Theyve increased the price by 50%.他们已经把价格提高了50%2. increase n. 增长；增多；增加an increase of nearly 20%近20%的增长Homelessness ison the
5、 increase(= increasing).无家可归者越来越多。【典例讲解】It is said that the number of forest Parks in Guangdong _ to more than 1,000 so far.A.increaseB.increasedC.has increasedD.will increase知识点03 large numbers of 教材P52【用法详解】large numbers of = a large number of ：一些，许多，修饰可数名词复数，做主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。number 前可用large, grea
6、t,small等词修饰。Large numbers of people missed the train. 许多人没赶上火车。As a housewife, she has a great number of things to do. 作为一名家庭主妇，她有很多的事情要做。 【典例讲解】1._ audiences want to refund their tickets. Yes, they are disappointed and angry. I think _ is no less than 500.A.A number of; an amountB.A number of; the
7、numberC.A plenty of; the amountD.The number of; the amount2. Whats the number of doctors in this hospital? I only know that the number of _ doctors in this hospital _ 189.A.men; areB.man; isC.man; areD.men; is【拓展】a number of 与the number of 区别a number of 大量的，修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；the number of .的数量，修饰可数名词
8、复数，谓语动词用单数。A number of students are running in the playground. 大量的学生在操场上奔跑。The number of students in the classroom is 45. 教师里学生的数量是45。知识点04 development 教材P52【用法详解】1. development n. 发展；发育；成长；壮大career development职业的发展This moneyisintended forthedevelopmentofthetourist industry. 这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。2. develo
9、pment n.开发；研制；研制成果Thislandis ripe fordevelopment.这片土地适宜开发。This piece of equipment is an exciting new development.这台设备是一项振奋人心的最新研究成果。【典例讲解】Yuan Longping has spent all his life _ the research and _ of rice plants.A.to; developedB.on; developC.to; developingD.on; development【拓展】1. develop v. （使）成长，发展，壮
10、大The child is developing normally.这孩子发育正常。She developed the company from nothing.她白手起家办起了这个公司。2. develop v. 开发；研制The company develops and markets new software.这个公司开发并销售新软件。知识点05 three eighths 教材P53【用法详解】1、分数词是以基数词和序数词合成的，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。基数词：one 、two、three、four序数词：first、second、third、fourth、fifth2、分子大
11、于1时，分母需要用复数。3/4 three quarters 2/5 two fifths 3、分数中的分母为2时，要用half 表示，不能用second因为second是一秒钟的意思。1/2 a half one half 1/3 one third 1/4 one fourth /one quarter【典例讲解】The number of the students in our school _ about 800. _ of them are boys.A.are; Two thirdB.are; Two thirdsC.is; Two thirdD.is; Two thirds知识点
12、06 prevent 教材P53【用法详解】prevent v. 阻止；阻碍；阻挠 prevent sb from doing sth = stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事The accident could have been prevented.这次事故本来是可以防止的。He is prevented by law from holding a licence.法律不准他持有执照。Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.什么都不能阻止他鸣不平。【典例讲解】Jack made up
13、 his mind to devote his life _ pollution _ happily.A.to prevent; to liveB.to prevent; from livingC.to preventing; to liveD.to preventing; from living知识点07 compare with 教材P53【用法详解】1. compare v. 比较；对比It is interesting to compare their situation and ours.把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。We compared the two reports car
14、efully.我们仔细地比较了两个报告。2. compare with/to sb/sth与类似（或相似）This school compares with the best in the country.这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。This house doesnt compare with our previous one. 这房子比不上我们以前的。Ive had some difficulties, but they werenothing compared toyours.我遇到了一些困难，但与你的困难比起来就算不上什么了。pare A to B 表明与相似；将比作Also,do
15、your bestnot tocompareyourselftoothers. 同时，尽量不要拿自己和别人比较。【典例讲解】_with his flat, mine looks_ new.A.Compared; as good asB.To compare; as well asC.Compared; as well asD.To compare; as good as【拓展】compare to和 compare with的意思与用法差别：1. compare to 表示“把比作”“比喻为”、“比拟”，是指出两者之间的关系或相似。He often compare his girlfriend
16、 to a rose. 他经常把他的女朋友比作玫瑰。She often compare his boy friend to a lion. 她经常把她的男朋友比作狮子。2. compare with则表示“把和相比”，“比较”，是指研究评判人与人之间、事物与事物之间相同或相异的程度。3. You cant compare your strong points with the weak points of others. 你不能拿自己的强项和弱项相比。知识点08 connect 教材P53【用法详解】connect A to/with B connect A and B （使）连接；联结；使连
17、接；接通The towns are connected by train and bus services.这些城镇由火车和公共汽车连接起来。First connect the printer to the computer.首先把打印机与计算机接通。Were waiting for the telephone to be connected.我们等待着接通电话。【典例讲解】Li Tao is the chief engineer of the famous bridge _ Zhenjiang to Yangzhou.A.connectB.connectingC.connectedD.to
18、connect知识点09 challenging 教材P53【用法详解】1. challenging adj. 挑战性的；考验能力的Shedoes notlikeanyonechallengingherauthority. 她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。Mikefoundachallengingjobasacomputerprogrammer.迈克找到了一份富有挑战性的工作当电脑程序师。2. challenging adj. 挑起争论的；不赞同的She gave him a challenging look. Are you really sure? she demanded.她用不赞同的眼光看
19、了他一眼。 “你敢肯定吗？”她问道。【典例讲解】Chen Zhiqiang took part in Super Brain _ himself.A.challengingB.to challengeC.challengedD.challenge【拓展】challenge n. & v. 1. 挑战；艰巨任务The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。Destruction of the environment is one of the mostserious challeng
20、eswe face.环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。2. 挑战书；（比赛等的）邀请，提议toaccept/take up a challenge接受挑战3.质询；质疑；提出异议It was a direct challenge to the presidents authority.这是对主席权威的直接质疑。Their legal challenge was unsuccessful.他们的法律质疑未获成功。能力拓展一单项选择。1.Have you ever been to the Happy Valley theme park in Wuhan? Yes. It _ visitor
21、s during the Lantern Festival this year.A. crowds withB.is crowdedC.crowded withD.was crowded with2.To our surprise, visits to our website _ twice since September.A.increaseB.increasedC.have increasedD.will increase3.As President Xi puts it, China has _ fine culture and students should learn the his
22、tory of our country as it helps us to know where we are from and where we are going.A.a number ofB.a great manyC.the number ofD.a great deal of4.For more than once, our head teacher asks us _ the habit of keeping a diary.A.developB.developsC.developingD.to develop5.About _ of the research on animals
23、 behaviour _ been done so far.A.two-nineteenths; have B.two-nineths; hasC.two-ninths; has D.two-nineties; have6._ 84-year-old man was attacked while walking in San Francisco. More than _ of the population in this city is Asian.A.A; one-thirdB.An; one-thirdC./; one-thirdD.An; two-third7.Now the Chine
24、se government has made laws _ the people _ in some public places like schools.A.to protect, to smokeB.to protect, smokingC.to prevent, to smokeD.to prevent, smoking8.Whats the advantage of this new type of spacecraft? _ current (现有) spacecrafts, the new ones would travel much faster.A.Compared withB
25、.Comparing withC.To compare withD.Compare with9.How can I become a/an _learner?_ what you learn _ your real life.A.active, Connect, withB.wisely, Connect withC.patient, Connect, andD.successful, Connect, and10.The brave boy dares _ himself.A.challengeB.challengingC.to challengeD.challenges分层提分题组A 基础
26、过关练1.At weekends the beach is always _ with noisy tourists. (crowd)2.The number of the private cars _ (increase) greatly since 2008 in the small town.3.A number of old students _(have) fun playing on the playground when the accident happened.4.The woman believes that its good for her sons _（develop）
27、to learn the piano.5.The gravity on Mars is only about three _ (eight) of that on the Earth.6._ (prevent) the spread of COVID-19, we should be vaccinated(接种疫苗) as soon as possible.7.Always _ (compare) with others is not good for you.8.Theyre building the underground _ (connect) the east to the west
28、of our city.9.The development of a 5G has been a _ (challenge) problem for Africa.题组B 能力提升练一、完型填空How will cities use technology in the future to maintain power during natural disasters? Some bright middle school students are _1_ this question._2_ of students from around the world explained their ide
29、as regarding this topic at the Future City competition, which recently took place in Washington, DC.Students from the Justice Page Middle School in Minneapolis, US, were on one of the teams._3_ using popular technologies like flying cars and artificial intelligence (人工智能), the students from Justice
30、Page took a more simple approach (方式) to the topic.They spent a few weeks _4_ their ideas and building a model to demonstrate (展 示) them. They chose the city of Maui in Hawaii as the setting for their project. They chose this city because several different kinds of natural disasters happened there i
31、n the past.In their project, they covered roofs in the city with solar panels ( 太 阳 能 板 ), which powered a spinning ring (旋转的环形物) that produces and stores power._5_ a power failure happens, the stored power can be sent to different neighborhoods. Extra energy can also be _6_ to areas without power.T
32、he students _7_ their model to life with 3D printing technology. They printed the parts they needed and set them up on circuit boards (电路板). To make the model more realistic (逼真的), they made a base out of wooden blocks and grass. The model has lights and _8_ a small train that travels back and forth
33、. The team did not win the finals, but the experience was _9_. Ryan Rowell, 13, said he thought it was cool to think about things that he hadnt considered before. He also saw _10_ other teams made their own presentations and marketed interesting ideas. He said he wants to keep learning about enginee
34、ring.1.A.worrying aboutB.thinking aboutC.speaking aboutD.hearing about2.A.GroupsB.ClassesC.TeamsD.Armies3.A.ByB.WhileC.Instead ofD.Because of4.A.developingB.spreadingC.supportingD.encouraging5.A.UnlessB.BeforeC.UntilD.When6.A.receivedB.heldC.takenD.sent7.A.broughtB.keptC.createdD.fixed8.A.everB.even
35、C.stillD.just9.A.successfulB.valuableC.strangeD.enough10.A.howB.whichC.whenD.what题组C 培优拔尖练一、 阅读理解AVirtual reality( 虚拟现实)is a kind of technology that uses computers and programmes to make a movie or game look and feel like it is real. Some people own a virtual reality game system. A number of these s
36、ystems use cameras. You can also buy a special device (设备)to wear on your head. These devices have sensors(传感器)on them. While you are watching the programme inside the device, these sensors and cameras are watching you. They watch how your head, eyes, and body move. They use this information to move
37、 around the pictures you see inside the device.Some people also use special headphones with the device. The headphones have sensors on them. This information tells the headphones how to change the sound so it seems more real to you. With the special viewing devices and headphones, a player can see a
38、nd hear a virtual game space more like a real place.You can also use special clothes that go over your hands and chest to feel like you are in the game. These clothes are filled with sensors. The sensors tell the game how you are moving. Then the game sends information to the clothes to do something
39、. When you pick up a ball in the game, you might feel like something is pressing(按压) on your hand.Many kinds of virtual reality programmes are used to make video games, _ Governments use virtual reality to train some kinds of workers and soldiers. Then the workers and soldiers can practice what to d
40、o in different situations they might meet. In the business world, people who want to see what a house on building might look like before it is built can look at it using virtual reality.However, virtual reality does have some problems. While the virtual reality programme watches your movements, it s
41、ometimes does not change the picture you see fast enough. Because it does not change the picture or sound quickly, your body feels that there is a problem. That is why virtual reality can make some people sick.1.What do virtual reality games use sensors do?A.To record a player s environment.B.To pla
42、y the video game for the person.C.To train some kinds of workers and soldiers.D.To watch how you move your body and head.2.What does it refer to in Paragraph 2?A.The device.B.The information.C.The game.D.The sound.3.In Paragraph 4, which sentence can be filled in the blank?A.Instead, virtual reality
43、 causes thousands of workers to lose their jobs.B.However, virtual reality is being used for much more than just games.C.Moreover, virtual reality helps companies save a lot of money and time.D.Though virtual reality is good for game companies, it s harmful to others.4.What s the main idea of this a
44、rticle?A.How virtual reality works and what it can do.B.Reasons why virtual reality becomes so popular.C.Virtual reality and its uses for government workers.D.How special viewing devices are used in video games.BWhat will astronauts(宇航员)eat when a space trip takes years?“Lots of fresh vegetables,” s
45、ays Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station. And its a good thing that she has already started her work, because space gardening can be really hard.As usual, astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williamss quick-growing seedlings(幼苗) in it, but none of the stems(茎)were showing. He opened the room to check and found the problem. The stems werent growing upward and the roots werent growing downward. On Earth, gravi