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1、Unit 4 Growing up Grammar 知识精讲知识点01 时间状语从句 教材P54-56 【用法详解】引导时间状语从句的连词有：while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, notuntil, before, after, since, whenever, etc.时间状语从句连词例句说明whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。when指的是“某一具体的时间”。while While it was raining, they went out.正当天
2、下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候而我在。(然而)All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.(然而，并列连词)while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，有时表示主从句的轻微转折，译为：“然而”while引导的动作必须是持续性的。as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。 As time goes by, I like China better.随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。as （译为“一边一边”）引
3、导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；as译为“随着” before I finished my task before I went home.我做完作业才回家。 Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。在.以前afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。after“在之后”till untilWe waited till(until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她直到
4、11点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”；notuntil表示“直到才”“在以前不”。主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。【例】He didnt leave until/before I came back.有时可用never, nothing代替not. 如果从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until, 不用till. since Great changes have taken place in China
5、since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 主句动词为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。如果状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开；如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon asAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。My brother went out as soon as I got home. Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后， 意为“一就”。如果主句是一般将来时，
6、情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。当主句是一般过去时，从句一般也用一般过去时，简言之：主将从现；主过从过Whenever Whenever he sees the book, he will think of the good memory.无论何时，他看到那本书，他都会想起美好的记忆。whenever = no matter when 无论何时【典例讲解】1.- Mr. Smith, please teach me how to draw on the computer today.- Oh, no. _. You have to get familiar with t
7、he keyboard first.A.Its never too old to learnB.Think twice before you doC.Dont be a wet blanketD.Learn to walk before you run2.When will she go home?She _ home _ she finishes her homework.A. wont go ; before, B. goes,;beforeC. wont go; until D.go,;after3. - Could you tell me _?- Sorry， I dont know.
8、 I will call you _.A.when your brother comes back； when he will come backB.when your brother will come back； when he comes backC.when your brother comes back； when he comes backD.when your brother will come back； when he will come back4.一What were you and your parents doing_it began to rain last nig
9、ht? 一I was doing my homework_my parents were watching TV.A.when；when B.while；whileC.when；while D.while；when5.She didnt go to work _ that morning. She slept _ noon.A./tillB.ontillC.atatD./at6. _ will the meeting between the two National leaders last?_ they reach an agreement.A.When,UntilB.When,Not un
10、tilC.How long,UntilD.How long,Not until7.The Greens have_ the flat in the centre of city_ five years ago.A.bought; sinceB.bought; forC.had; sinceD.had; for8.He called me _ he started. And _ he arrives, Ill meet him at the airport.A.after; becauseB.before; as soon asC.while; whenD.until; as soon as知识
11、点02 against 教材P56【用法详解】against 作为介词的用法1.反对；与相反；逆；违反Were playing against the league champions next week.下周我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /j
12、avascript:;Thats against the law.那是违法的。././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;She was forced to marry against her will.她被迫违心地嫁了人。././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;Are you for or a
13、gainst the death penalty?你赞成还是反对死刑？././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;She is against seeing him.她不想见他。Id advise you against doing that.我劝你别做那事。././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript
14、:;2.对不利The evidence is against him.证据对他不利。././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;Her age is against her.她的年龄对她不利。././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;3.紧靠；倚；碰；撞Put the piano there, a
15、gainst the wall.把钢琴放在那儿，紧靠着墙。The rain beat against the windows.雨点击打着窗户。././././lm/AppData/Local/youdao/dict/Application/8.9.8.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;【典例讲解】When you visit a museum, some instructions should _and wed better not _ them.A.pay attention to ; be against B.be paid attenti
16、on ; againstC.be paid attention to ; against D.be paid attention to ; be against能力拓展一单项选择。1.I want to know when _ have a field trip.Well have it when all the work _.A.you are; will finishB.you will; finishesC.you will; is finishedD.you will; is finish2.While the woman_ , the accident happened.A.drov
17、eB.was drivingC.is drivingD.drives3.Jims mother was cooking while he on the Internet.A.is chatting B.chatting C. was chatting D.chats4. I_ go home _the concert was over.A.didnt; untilB.wasnt; tillC.dont; untilD.wont; till5.Im looking forward to the film A Road To Spring. _ will it be first shown?_ t
18、he 28th August, 2020.A.When; UntilB.When; Not untilC.How long; UntilD.How long; Not until6.They _ in 2008 and they have had a happy family _ 2008.A. were married; since B. got married; inC. married; from D. got married; since7.The students hurried to the classroom _ the bell rang.A.as soon as B.unti
19、l C.if D.so that8.He climbed up the ladder _ the wall and went into the room _ the open window.A.through； againstB.against； throughC.against； againstD.through； through分层提分题组A 基础过关练一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.These trees should _（water）after they _（plant）.2.After he got home, the new_ (spread).3.I _ (watch) TV
20、when someone knocked at the door.4.Dont make much noise when _ (read) in the library.5.When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.6.I _ (do) my homework while they _ (talk).题组B 能力提升练一、完型填空I am Ali. I have always believed in myself. My parents taught me to be 1 and that I could be th
21、e best at anything. I remember challenging my neighborhood boys to see who could jump the highest and run the fastest. Of course I knew when I made the challenge that I would win. I never even 2 losing.I started my boxing(拳击) 3 when I was 12. In high school I boasted(自夸) 4 , if not daily, that one d
22、ay I was 5 to be the champion of the world. As part of my training, I would run down the street. I would rush in and out of shops to tell them I was training for the Olympics and that I was going to 6 a gold medal. I never thought of failing. I only thought of the glory(荣誉) I was going to 7 when I w
23、on. When I said I was going to be the “Greatest of All Time”, I 8 myself. And I still do.But I didnt know that my will would be tested when I retired(退休). In 1984, I had Parkinsons disease. But my confidence and will to continue to live will 9 be defeated(打败).In 1996, I was asked to 10 the cauldron(
24、圣火) at the Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta. Of course my answer was yes. I never thought that the disease would be a problem.1.A.braveB.confidentC.honestD.polite2.A.gave upB.went onC.thought ofD.heard of3.A.diaryB.matchC.trainingD.watching4.A.yearlyB.loudlyC.proudlyD.weekly5.A.willingB.sureC.hopeful
25、D.active6.A.winB.loseC.findD.buy7.A.needB.getC.decideD.make8.A.believed inB.cared aboutC.turned toD.went through9.A.foreverB.neverC.nearlyD.almost10.A.takeB.carryC.watchD.touch题组C 培优拔尖练一阅读理解。AIf you are visiting England, you will notice that English have many customs and traditions that are differen
26、t from those in China.This guide provides help for anyone visiting England for the first time.Standing in the queueEnglish people like to form queue.They think it is the fair way to behave.People wait in a queue in shops and at bus stops.People will think you are very rude if you dont join the queue
27、.Please, Thank You, Excuse Me and SorryIt is good manners to say “please” and “thank you”.If someone is in your way and you would like them to move, say “excuse me” and they will move.If you bump into someone or you are in their way say “sorry”.They will probably say “sorry”, too, even if it was you
28、r mistake.Saying “sorry” does not always mean you think you were wrong.Someone it is just a polite thing to say.Meeting a new personWhen people meet for the first time, the usual custom is to shake hands.The next time you meet that person, you can just say hello.English people dont usually hug or ki
29、ss unless they know each other really well.Talking to peopleEnglish people find it difficult to start conversations with strangers.They like to be private so if they are on buses or trains, they usually sit as far away from other people as possible.If you want to start a conversation, the topic that
30、 English people are always happy to talk about is the weather.So you need to be able to say “Isnt it warm (sunny/windy/wet/foggy) today?” or “Do you think its going to rain/clear up?” This is much better than asking about politics, religion or how much people earn!1.Whats the main idea of the articl
31、e?A.Differences between England and China.B.The guide help.C.The manners and traditions in England.D.How to visit England for the first time.2.English people will think you are rude if you _.A.dont the know customsB.say “thank you”C.talk to a new personD.dont join the queue3.What will you do if you
32、meet people for the first time?A.To shake hands with them.B.To kiss them.C.To say hello to them.D.To hug them.4.What will you say if you are in someones way?A.Thank you.B.Please.C.Excuse Me.D.Sorry.5.How can people start conversations with strangers?A.They can talk about politics and religion.B.They
33、 can talk about the weather.C.They can talk about “Please, Thank You, Excuse Me and Sorry”D.They can talk about everything.BIs your TV connected to the Internet? What about your chair or your fridge? It is possible that they are not. But in the future, most things in your home may be connected, as t
34、he so-called Internet of things is developing.The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung CEO(首席执行官) BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years from now, every Samsung prod
35、uct will be part of the Internet of things, whether its a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).So, how do household(家用) objects that are part of Internet of things work? Well, think of a usual chair. When connected to the Internet, the chair warms up when it knows that the user has just walked i
36、nto the room and is feeling cold.An Internet-connected camera, like a smart-home camera, could help people feel safer in their homes. It can recognize(识别) peoples faces, and even can see when someone passes by in the dark. Then it can send you a message on your smartphone to let you know whos there.
37、 If the person is someone you dont know, it can tell you that, too.But according to MIT Technology Review, whether companies are connecting dog food bowls or security(安全) systems to the Internet, there may be problems. For example, many early connected-home devices(装置) dont have much built-in securi
38、ty, which means they could be hacked(被黑客攻击). In addition, it could be difficult to get these devices to work together because they are made by different companies. To fight this, many companies have joined the Open Interconnect Consortium, which had 45 members by late 2014.So, picture this: you walk
39、 in through the front door of your home. The temperature changes to make you feel comfortable after a long day at school. Your favorite music starts playing for you. Do you think that this would be a good thing? It may happen sooner than you think.6.The Samsung CEOs speech is mentioned to prove that
40、_.A.the Internet of things will appear in our daily life soonerB.Samsung has produced the Internet of things recentlyC.Samsung products have been part of the Internet of thingsD.he spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things7.We can infer(推断)from paragraphs 3 and 4 that _.A.the chair ca
41、n know whether the user feels cold or notB.a usual chair can warm up when it knows the user comes inC.an Internet-connected camera can be used to take photos in the houseD.an Internet-connected camera can be connected to the users smartphone8.According to the passage, it is mentioned that_the temper
42、ature inside is neither too high nor too lowyour fridge provides the drinks for youthe chair warms up if you feel coldyour favourite music starts playingyour washing machine starts workingA.B.C.D.9.Whats the problem about the Internet of things?A.Companies which produce connected-home devices havent
43、 joined together.B.Connected-home devices may not work together and can easily get hacked.C.Companies have difficulty connecting security system to the Internet.D.These new devices are produced by different companies.10.What is the main idea of the passage?A.How to product the Internet of things.B.The introduction to use the Internet of things.C.The way of connecting the Internet of things.D.The Internet of things is coming in the future.