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1、英语张老师专用讲义八下unit 2 知识精讲及拓展一、 词汇拓展1. cheer (v/n) (adj.令人振奋的,快乐的)2. volunteer (n.&v.adj) (adj. 自愿的)3. strong (adj.) (n. 体力，优势) (v. 加强)4. feeling (n.) (v. 感觉) 5. satisfaction (n.) (v. 使满足) (adj. 满意的)6. joy (n.) (近义词) / (adj. 高兴的)7. owner (n.) (adj.&v. 自己的；主人)8. journey (n) / (近义词)9. repair (v.) (近义词)10.
2、 broken (adj.) (v. 打破) （过去式）11. disabled (adj.) (v. 使残疾) n.（无能，没有能力）_adj.能的，能够的 （adj. 不能的，没有能力的） （n.能力）12. imagine (v.) (n. 想象力) 13. difficulty (n.) (adj. 困难的) (adj. 反义词)14. open (v.&adj.) (反义词 v.) (反义词 adj.)15. train (v.) (n. 训练) （n.教练，教员）16. excited (adj.) (adj. 令人激动的) (v. 使激动) (n. 激动)17. kindness
3、 (n.) (adj. 善良的) 18. clever (adj.) (近义词) / (反义词)19. understand (原形) _ (过去式) _ (过去分词)_ (adj. 善解人意的)20. interest (n.&v.) (adj. 令人感兴趣的) (adj. 感到感兴趣的)21.change (v.) (adj. 可变的，易变的) (adj. 多变的，变化无常的) n. (v. 交流，交换)二、短语复习1. 关心；照顾 _ 2. 养老院 _ 3. 帮助解决困难 _ 4. 曾经 过去 _ 5. 在.岁时 _ 6. 打扫(或清除)干净 7. (使)变得更高兴；振奋 8. 分发；散
4、发 _ 9. 想出；提出 _ 10. 制订计划 _ 11. 一种强烈的满足感 12. 试用；参加选拔 13. 为工作；效力 14. 实现 _ 15. 建造；举起；张贴 16. 筹钱；募捐 _ 17. 与此同时 _ 18. 在某人空闲的时候 19. 打电话；召集 _ 20. 推迟；延迟 _ 21. 与.相像；像 _ 22. 赠送；捐赠 _ 23. 修理；修补；解决 24. 与相似 _ 25. 影响；有作用 _ 26. 建立，设立 _ 27. 对感到兴奋 _ 28. 能够做某事 _ 29. 自愿做什么 _ 30. 建起，设立 _ 三、知识详解1. help v 帮助_adj 有益的，愿意帮助的，_
5、adj无帮助的常见短语有： 1)._. 帮助某人做某事。 2). help oneself （ to ）自用（食物等）。 3). _ 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。 4). _ 在帮助下。 5). help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。 2 . clean up 意为“把打扫干净”（v. + adv.）， 若宾语是名词时，名词可以放在up的前后均可。若宾语是代词时，代词只能放在_。如：clean up the table = clean the table up The room is too dirty. Please clean it up. 【拓展】cl
6、ean-up n. 意为“打扫；清洁”，如：the clean-up of the river Clean-Up Day clean adj. 意为“_”，如： We should keep our room clean and tidy. 3. in the hospital 与in hospital (1) in the hospital“在医院” 指人在医院里，_；(2) in hospital “在医院；_类似的短语：in the bed“在床上”，也许是蹲在床上或站在床上； in bed“在床上”指躺在床上4. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的（v. +adv）cheer sb.
7、up =_ 使某人高兴 cheer me up 使我高兴The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 【拓展】cheer n. 意为“_”如：A great cheer went up from the crowd. 注意：cheers 意为“干杯”，常用于祝酒的时候。活学活用( ) My grandfather was ill _ last week. Im sorry to hear that.A. in a hospital B. in the hospital C. in hospital D. in hospitals( ) You
8、could visit _children in the hospital and _them_.A. ill, set, up B. sick, clean, up C. sick, cheer, up5 . give out =_分发(v. +adv) give out sth to sb. 分.给某人【拓展】give out 还可意为“发出（某种光、气味、热、烟雾等）”=_, 如：-The rose gives out/ off a sweet smell.【短语】：_=return 归还 give sb. a call 给打电话 _ 赠送give away money to kids
9、_ =help sb. 帮助某人 _=stop doing sth放弃做某事 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物 ( ) Many social workers went to Yaan to help clean water and food to local people to reduce their pain from the earthquake.A. put outB. come outC. work outD. give out 6. volunteer n. _ v. _（某事）_ 自愿做某事，如： Eg: The girls could
10、volunteer in an after-school study program7. come up with =_想出 _ 赶上 追上【谚语】 Think before you act _( ) We need_(想出) a plan.( ) My mother came up with a good idea which we all agreed to.A. thought about B. thought up C. thought hard8.alone / lonely 辨析：(1)alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。_
11、他经常独自走路回家。_and writing songs himself. 这位音乐家喜欢独自居住和自己写歌。(2)lonely 指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；带有很强的感情色彩，做表语或定语_ 这个孤独的男孩心中不再孤独了。也可指某个地方是荒凉的, 如： a lonely house 9. such、so 解析词条词性用法常用结构such形容词修饰such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数such+ 除many/few之外的形容词+可数名词复数so程度副词修饰 或 so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数so+ many/few +可数名词复数【记】名前such,形副so，多多少少（m
12、any, much, few, little）都用so。( )1. The girl is _ a nice girl _ we all want to help her. A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. very; that( )2. Some word puzzles in this book are _ difficult that _ students can solve them.A. such; few B. such; little C. so; few D. so; little( )3. The teacher speaks v
13、ery loudly _ all the students can hear her.A. so that B. because C. since D. when( )4. He offered _ valuable(有价值的）advice that _ people disagreed. A.such; a few B. Such; few C. So ; a few D. So; few( )5. “Im a singer” is _ an interesting TV show_ many people like watching it. A. so; that B. such; tha
14、t C. so; as D. such; as10. try out for参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.【短语】：try out试用，试验 try on 试穿 _ 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 _ 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】_= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事11. journey / trip/ travel 辨析：（1）journey n.尤指_旅行，行程；trip n. 多指_；travel n. /v. 通常泛指“旅行”，词义广泛，
15、可以指长期、短期的，不论何种目的，不论使用何种交通工具的旅行，尤指长途的海外旅行。e true 实现词条是否接宾语用法achieve是主语一般为“_”come true否主语一般是“_”We want to see young people _(实现他们的梦想)。_(实现) your dream through great effort is really cool.【短语】 come back 回来 come out _ come across _ _ 顺便来访 _想出 come into being_ There are many people who are less lucky tha
16、n us . 有很多没有我们幸运的人。13 . home n 家homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩【拓展】由home构成的合成词：_ n 祖国 _ n 家乡 homeless adj. 无家可归的 home-made adj. 自制的【短语集锦】_ 在某人回家的路上 be home to sb. = be the home of sb. 是某人的家 14. 【解析】 repair v “修理；修复”1) repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。 _? 谁把桌子的断腿修好了
17、？2) mend的意思是恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)，一般指较小之物。 _. 这件衣服太旧不能补了。3) fix up用于需要重新“调”物体的结构，把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。 _? 你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?15. (1)take after =be similar to在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像（v. +adv）【短语】take back 收回，接回 _ 写下 take off _ 占去（时间或空间） _ 小心 _ 照顾 _ 发生 take out _ _拿走(2)look like 只指在外貌上与.相像
18、16. be sure (that) ._，“确信”；“对有把握”。 但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑； be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。 _我肯定他是诚实的。 be sure to do sth ，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断， “必定”、 “必然会”、“准会” It is sure to rain天一定会下雨。be sure+宾语从句，意为“确信某事一定会”。 _我们确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步【拓展】makesure表示“_”。makesure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。Makesure+tha
19、t从句意为“弄明白；确信”。 Makesure+of+代词/名词，意思也是“弄明白；确信”。Makesureofhiscomingbeforeyousetoff. 出发之前要确定他是否来。 Imakesure(that)hewouldcome. 我确信他会来。17.动词feel, find, make, think, believe等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式后置。句子结构是：主语feel / find / make / . it + adj. + to do sth.使得某人有可能做某事如：1）Lemon发现学习英语并不难。 Lemon _ _ _
20、 _ _ _ English. 2）你的帮助使他成功了。Your help _ _ _ _ _ _ _.18. makes a big difference 影响；有作用，difference前可以用_等修饰，如-The rain made no difference to the game. -Hard-working makes much difference to study.( )The heavy snow didnt _ the international airlines. A. pay attention to B.add to C. make a difference to
21、D.keep to19. imagine + n/ ving/ pron v 想象 ( ) My mother cant imagine _ on line. Many people dont know how to do it. A. shop B. to shop C. shopping D. Shopped四、语法专题之动词不定式A. _为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./ It takes sb. some time to do sth.B. _动词want, d
22、ecide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。C. _常用于“have/hassth.to do”或 “enough名to do” “Its time to do sth.”等结构中。D. _tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。 【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，
23、二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。E. 动词不定式_主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。专 项 训 练 题一、选择适当答案。1. _ is difficult to work out the maths problem. A. This B. That C. It
24、D. Its2. We decided _ at the end of this month. A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going3. They have no paper_. A. to writeB. to write with C. write onD .to write on4. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. A. hasB. haveC. to have5. _the computer is a problem. A. How
25、to use B. What to use C. Where to useD. Which to use6. The teacher told us _in bed. A. dont read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read7. The old man was _angry _ say a word. A. so, thatB. as, as C. too, toD. very, to8. Why _home tomorrow? A. not goB. not goingC. not to goD. didnt go9. The TV set
26、 is too loud. Will you please _? A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it down10. Its cold outside. You had better _ your coat. A. to put onB. putting onC. puts onD. put on二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. It took half an hour _ (get) to the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interesting _ (see) so many pl
27、aces of interest from all over the world.3. They want _ (save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kittys classmate Daniel taught himself how _ (make) a home page.5. Things _ (do) in Beijing. 6. He made the girl _ (cry) yesterday.7. He put his photos on it for everyone _ (look) at.8. Help hi
28、m _ (put) the photos in the correct order.9. Its time for class. Please stop _(talk). 10. Id like _ (go) to the Temple of Heaven.三、 词形转换。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词。1. He has some_(difficult) in learning math.2. Why are you so _ (exciting)? Because our team won the game. 3. We all love the old woman bec
29、ause of her _ (kind).4. I get such a strong _ (feel) of satisfaction. 5. Lets make some _ (notice), too.6. I have several _ (friend) at school.7. Mary is the _ (own) of the dog.8. He has to get much_(train) on how to play soccer well every day.9. The volunteers try to help sick children in the hospi
30、tal or raise money for_ (home) people. 10. Lucky makes a big _ (different) to my life.四、动词应用。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。1. My brother loves animals and he wants_ (be) an animal doctor.2. You arent allowed _ (put) up signs on the wall without special permission.3. I hope _ (see) you as soon as pos
31、sible.4. Id like to thank you for _ (give) money to Animal Helpers.5. My parents decided_(travel) to Hainan Island.6. My English teacher helped make it possible for me _ (get) good grades.7. He is able to _ (swim) now.8. Would you like _(clean) up the city parks?9. We cant put off_ (volunteer) every
32、 day.10. He spends about two hours _(do) his homework every day.五、 完成句子。根据所给汉语提示完成英语句子，每空一词。1. 我们每天都把校园打扫得干干净净。We _ _ our school yard every day. 2. 你明天要去食品银行分发食物吗？Will you go to _ _ food at the food bank tomorrow? 3. 当我看到动物好了以及它们主人高兴的笑容时，我有强烈的满足感。 I get such a _ _ _ _ when I see the animals get bett
33、er and the look of joy on their owners faces.4. 我正在制作一些口号张贴在学校周围。 Im making some signs to _ _ around the school.5. 我把一些衣服赠送给了这个小女孩,因为我穿着太小。 I _ _ some clothes to the little girl because they are too small for me.6. 我愿意让生病的孩子快乐起来. Id like to _ _ sick kids.7. 他妈妈在一家敬老院工作。His mother works in an _ _ _. 8. 那辆汽车坏了，我修理不好。The car is broken and I cant _ it _.9. 我想去医院当一名志愿者护士。I want to _ _ a nurse in the hospital. 10. 你想的那个办法很管用。我现在已经解决了我的困难。The idea that you came up with _ _ _ and I have solved the problem. 13学科网（北京）股份有限公司