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1、译林版译林版初中英语初中英语 译林版八年级译林版八年级下下册册Unit 7Period 3GrammarWhat do you know about the active voice and the passive voice?新课导入新课导入Free Talk学习目标学习目标12能熟悉并正确运用本课时的重点单词和短语能熟悉并正确运用本课时的重点单词和短语。能掌握被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。能掌握被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。l.English is widely spoken in the world,isnt it?Yes.Its used _ an official langu
2、age in more than 70 countries.A.for B.as C.with D.by2.UNICEF was _ in 1946 to improve childrens lives after World War II.A.given up B.put up C.set up D.got up预习检测预习检测BC3.Can Mr King spare some time for the charity show?If he _,he will try his best to make it.A.will be invited B.is invited C.invites
3、D.invited4.Have you heard of the song Little Apple?Yes.It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.A.is played B.plays C.was played D.played5.Over$30,000 _ for a childrens hospital by a British girl several months ago.A.is raised B.was raised C.will be raised D.has been raisedBA
4、B知识梳理知识梳理1.Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.志愿者在街上向人们散发传单。hand out 分发；提出e.g.One of my jobs was to hand out the prizes.我的工作之一是分发奖品。Language Points2.Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942,.乐施会于1942年在英国成立，set up 建起，设立e.g.He has just set up his own business.他刚建立起自己的公司。探究一探究一被动语态
5、的一般现在时和一般过去时如：We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。The classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态主动语态(The Active Voice)与被被动语态动语态（The Passive Voice)主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态被动语态We call the garden the Slender West Lak
6、e.The garden is called the Slender West lake.Active voice主动语态SVOPassive voice被动语态SV主动语态的基本用法当知道谁在执行动作很重要时，我们使用主主动语态动语态。Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane.志愿医生在飞机上做手术。被动语态的基本用法1.动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。None of the books was taken away.没有一本书被拿走。2.在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。The toy is designed for children.这款玩具是
7、为孩子们设计的。3.需要强调动作的承受者时。My bike was repaired.我的自行车修好了。4.出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。5.在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动 作的执行者,可以由by引出。Mr Wu is liked by all of his students.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。The problem was talked about just now.这个问题刚才被讨论过。一般现在时的被动语态的结构肯定句：肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他.Example：English is taught by him.否定句：否定句：主语+am/is/a
8、re+not+过去分词+其他.Example：English isnt taught by him.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词+其他？Example:Is English taught by him?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词am/is/are+主语+过去分词+其他？Example:Who is taught English by him?一般过去时的被动语态的结构肯定句：肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词+其他.Example：The bridge was built in 1999.否定句：否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去分词+其他.E
9、xample：The bridge wasnt built in 1999.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+过去分词+其他？Example:Was the bridge built in 1999?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词was/were+主语+过去分词+其他？Example:When was the bridge built?第一步：主宾互换。第二步：谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态。第三步：“be+过去分词”+by+原主语。（有时by+原主语可省）第四步：时间、地点状语等保持一致。主变被四步曲主动语态变被动语态by many stud
10、ents.Many students study English.Englishis studied被动语态变化步骤They bought ten computers last term.(by them)last term.Ten computers were bought宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp.主动语态变被动语态的口诀宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾语的句式转换双宾语的句式转换主动语态主语He谓语(主动式)passed间宾me直宾a book.被动语态原
11、直宾A book谓语(被动式)was passedtomeby原主语(改为宾格)him.原间宾(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)was passed原直宾a bookby原主语(改为宾格)him.被动语态的特殊用法被动语态的特殊用法1.有些动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义，如：系动词smell,taste,sound,feel 等，还有一些不及物动词,常用主动语态,和well,easily等副词连用,含有被动意义。如：read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等。The dish smells good.这道菜闻起来很香。The books sell well.这些书很
12、畅销。2.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中,动词不定式的to常省去,但是在被动语态中要加上to。主动语态主语The teacher谓语(主动式)made宾语him不带to的不定式retell the story.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)He谓语(被动式)was made带to的不定式to retell the storyby原主语(改为宾格)the teacher.The Class 1,Grade 8 students are talking about the different things people can do for the poor.Look at the pictur
13、es and help them complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice.Add the word by when necessary.1.Charity activities _(plan/to help the poor).are planned to help the poor2.Leaflets _ _(hand out/to people in the street/volunteers).are handed out to people in the street byvolunt
14、eers3.Toys and CDs _(sell/to raise money).are sold to raise moneyWhat they do every year5.Warm clothes _(collect/for poor people).were collected for poor people6.A charity show _(hold/the Students Union).was held by the Students Union4.New books _ _(send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1,Grade 8
15、 students).were sent to children in poor areas by the Class 1,Grade 8 studentsWhat they did last weekAmy and Daniel are talking about charities.Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.Amy:Im reading a book about Oxfam.Daniel:Really?Please tell me about it.Amy:O
16、K.Oxfam _(set up)in the UK in 1942,and the first Oxfam shop _(open)in 1948.Now it has about 15,000 shops all over the world.A lot of things _(sell)in Oxfam shops,including books.The money _(use)by Oxfam to help poor people.Daniel:Thats good.There are also some charity projects in China.One of them _
17、(call)Project Hope.It _(start)in 1989.With its help,millions of poor children all over the country _(give)basic education.Amy:Yes.Many schools _(build)in poor areas each year.was set up was opened is called was started were given are builtare soldis used通过以活动小结活动小结通过以上的活动，我们学习了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时：被被动语态
18、的一般的一般现在在时肯定句结构：_否定句结构：_被被动语态的一般的一般过去去时肯定句结构：_否定句结构：_主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他.主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词+其他.主语+was/were+过去分词+其他.主语+was/were+not+过去分词+其他.1.She was _(治愈)with a new medicine.2._(传单)are handed out everywhere in the street.3.When was the school _(建立)up?4.Three letters were written by him,_(包括)this
19、 one.5.The sports meeting is _(举行)once a year.当堂检测当堂检测一、根据句意及提示完成下列句子。curedLeafletssetincludingheld1.Its said(据说)that the long bridge _(build)two months ago.2.English _ the most widely _(speak)in the world.3.Last year a large number of trees _(cut)down.4.Vegetables,eggs and fruits _(sell)in this sho
20、p.5.The room _(clean)by me every day.二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。was builtis spokenwere cutare soldis cleaned课堂总结课堂总结重点单词和短语：重点单词和短语：leaflet,hold,set,including,hand out,set up被被动语态的一般的一般现在在时和一般和一般过去去时：被被动语态的一般的一般现在在时肯定句结构：_否定句结构：_被被动语态的一般的一般过去去时肯定句结构：_否定句结构：_Unit 7Period 3主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他.主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词+其他.主语+was/were+过去分词+其他.主语+was/were+not+过去分词+其他.