《PLC 技术培训班(第7讲).pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《PLC 技术培训班(第7讲).pptx（52页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 1Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is 以太网以太网-基础基础访问访问.To IEEE 802.3 和和 IEEE 802.3 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 2Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCol
2、lision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isISO/OSI 通信模式通信模式每一种通信处理分隔为逻辑部件每一种通信处理分隔为逻辑部件，通过一定的接口连接起来通过一定的接口连接起来1 物理层物理层7 应用层应用层6 表达层表达层5 会话层会话层4 传输层传输层3 网络层网络层2 数据链路层数据链路层访问总线媒质访问总线媒质 报文的发送和接收报文的发送和接收面向应用层面向应用层面向传输层面向传输层器件器件应用应用服务服务电信号的一般说明
3、电信号的一般说明信息格式化和编码信息格式化和编码通信的同步和控制通信的同步和控制器件、段、消除故障之间的连接器件、段、消除故障之间的连接数据打包和通过网络选择路由数据打包和通过网络选择路由 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 3Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is网络部件网络部件7 Application laye
4、r6 Presentation layer5 Session layer4 Transport layer3 Network layer2 Data link layer7 Application layer6 Presentation layer5 Session layer4 Transport layer3 Network layer2 Data link layer路由器路由器集线器集线器,交换机交换机,桥桥1 Physical layer1 Physical layer网关网关Device ADevice B中继器中继器 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 4Et
5、hernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is基础说明 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 5Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Se
6、rvices Net structuresPROFINET is双绞线对双绞线对100 BaseTX-100 Mb/s 5类线:UTP or STP(非屏蔽/屏蔽 双绞线对)最大段长度为 100m RJ-45 插头 星形拓朴结构 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 6Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is半双工模式半
7、双工模式 数据传输在同一时间只能在一个方向进行 举例，步话机1半双工和全双工半双工和全双工PCTransmitReceivePCTX+RX+RX-TransmitReceiveTX+TX-RX+RX-TX-100 10 10 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 7Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is半双工和全双工半
8、双工和全双工全双工模式全双工模式 数据传输同时在两个方向进行 举例，电话TransmitReceiveTransmitReceive集线器/交换机PCTX+RX+RX-TX+TX-RX+RX-TransmitReceivePCTX+TX-RX+RX-RX+RX-TX+TX-TX-0101 1 00 1 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 8Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Ser
9、vices Net structuresPROFINET is避免碰撞 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 9Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isCSMA/CD 相对于 Full DuplexCarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD
10、)载波侦听、多路访问载波侦听、多路访问/碰撞检测碰撞检测 Standard-Ethernet-Communication:Collisions possibleCarrier SenseMultiple Access/Collision Detection PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 10Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPR
11、OFINET isCSMA/CD 相对于 Full Duplex Full Duplex:发送和接收同时进行发送和接收同时进行 Switches:协调数据传输协调数据传输SwitchSwitchSwitchStandard-PROFINET-Communication:no collisions possible PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 11Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP
12、)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is某些规定 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 12Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is自动自动-交错交错-转换转换交错交错-转换转换-电缆电缆1236TransmitReceive1236TransmitReceiveSwitchSwitc
13、h PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 13Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isAuto-Cross-Over1:1-电缆电缆1236TransmitReceive1236TransmitReceiveSwitch within a Field deviceSwitch PROFINET-建议在交换机之间和交换机与
14、器件之间使用 1:1 电缆。PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 14Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is自动自动-转换转换Hub or switch现有的现有的 10 Mb/s 网络网络新的新的 100 Mb/s 网络网络带自动转换的带自动转换的交换机交换机 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation
15、15Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isCut through,Store and Forward快捷方法，储存和发送快捷方法，储存和发送The Cut-Through method forwards the frame without checking it.快捷方法，向前发送的桢不快捷方法，向前发送的桢不进行数据效验。进行数据效验
16、。Store and Forward first checks the received data before forwarding them.接收到的桢先储存接收到的桢先储存,在继续在继续发送之前进行数据效验。发送之前进行数据效验。PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 16Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is集线
17、器与交换机的比较集线器与交换机的比较一个交换机指定数据接收的方向一个交换机指定数据接收的方向在站之间只有指定的通信路由被使用在站之间只有指定的通信路由被使用 降低网络负载降低网络负载不会造成数据碰撞不会造成数据碰撞共享共享 LAN局域网局域网集线器传送数据到所有的站集线器传送数据到所有的站每一次数据交换对整个网络每一次数据交换对整个网络 高网络负载高网络负载有可能造成数据碰撞有可能造成数据碰撞集线器集线器交换机交换机交换机交换机LAN局域网局域网 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 17Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelC
18、ollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is在一个网络段内寻址网络成员在一个网络段内寻址网络成员 使用使用 MAC-地址地址 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 18Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Service
19、s Net structuresPROFINET isMAC 地址IP地址计算机需要一个地址用来发送和接收数据包或数据桢计算机需要一个地址用来发送和接收数据包或数据桢寻址寻址每一个网络适配器 有一个唯一的物理地址，这一地址由制造商确定是一个6字节地址，即 88-A0-26-E8-84-01网络适配器MAC网络访问互联网传输层应用层 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 19Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer
20、4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET is Ethernet-地址地址,OUIThe Ethernet-Address(Organizationally Unique Identifier(OUI),MAC-Address,Physical Address)is a 6 Byte-Address in Hex-Format e.g.00-0E-CF-12-34-56The PNO may supply users with the manufacturer specific part 00-0E-CF(16 777 214 devices p
21、ossible).x x x x x x 47 46 40 39 32 31 24 23 16 15 8 7 0 =0,Individual address=1,group address=0,global address=1,local address0 EC F0 0Manufacturer specific part (OUI)consecutive number制造商指定部分制造商指定部分 连续号连续号 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 20Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision Avoidance
22、Some BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isA deeper look into the Ethernet Frame以太网报文桢分析以太网报文桢分析a)Ethernet II DIX Frameb)IEEE 802.3 FrameVLAN-Tag(VLAN ID)acc IEEE 802.1QPreambleSFDDestinationAddressSourceAddressLengthor TypeData unitCRCCheck56 bits848 bit
23、s48 bits16 bits46-1500 bytes32 bitsPreambleSFDDestinationAddressSourceAddressLengthData unitCRCCheck56 bits848 bits48 bits16 bits46-1500 bytes32 bits PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 21Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Serv
24、ices Net structuresPROFINET isSwitches交换机交换机1.Associates each port with physical addresses connected through it每一个端口与连接它的物理地址相关每一个端口与连接它的物理地址相关2.Sends frame out the port associated with the physical address发送桢与其物理地址相关的端口输出发送桢与其物理地址相关的端口输出3.Improves the performance of the network改善网络性能改善网络性能4.Two mos
25、t common types两种通信类型两种通信类型Cut-through(10.3 s passing through time)快捷方式快捷方式Store and forward(11 .?)储存再发送方式储存再发送方式 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 22Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isThe Fun
26、ction of Switches交换机功能交换机功能ABCDSimultaneously同时进行47-2C-36-64-00-0055-E0-08-33-4E-3991-09-83-5B-03-0914-45-08-7A-11-16A to CB to D PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 23Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresP
27、ROFINET isAddressing of network participants in different networks 对不同网络之间网络成员的寻址对不同网络之间网络成员的寻址 using IP-Addresses使用使用IP地址地址 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 24Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFIN
28、ET isIP-Routing IP 路由路由FramesNetwork ENetwork CNetwork BNetwork DNetwork ARoutersLANNetwork or Internet?!PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 25Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isInternet Protoc
29、ol(IP)1.Each Network Adapter also has an IP address（每一个网络适配器还（每一个网络适配器还有一个有一个IP地址）地址）2.Consists of a 32-bit binary address（IP地址是地址是32位二进制地址）位二进制地址）3.Hardware-independent system allows a computer to deliver data on a more complex routed network（IP地址与硬件无关，只是网络路由中地址与硬件无关，只是网络路由中一个计算机向更多其它计算机传递数据时需要）一个计
30、算机向更多其它计算机传递数据时需要）4.Physical Address vs.IP Address（物理地址与物理地址与IP地址比较）地址比较）1.There are 2566 or 2.81 x 1014 different MAC addresses（MAC物理地址由6字节16进制格式表示）2.There are 2564 or over 4 billion（40亿）different IP addresses（IP地址由4字节10进制格式表示）3.Correspondence table relates your IP address to your MAC address（IP地址对
31、MAC地址有相应的列表关系）PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 26Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isIP Address1.32-bit binary address for example 211.154.184.162.Divided into four 8-bit segments called octe
32、ts.分成分成4个个8位位段段3.Expressed in a dotted decimal format.以小数点格式表示以小数点格式表示4.Segments are whole numbers between 0 and 255.每一段每一段的表的表5.示范围从示范围从0到到2556.Part of the IP address is used for Network ID.IP地址的一部地址的一部分分7.用作网络表识用作网络表识1.and part of the address is for Host ID.IP地址的一部分用作上位机的ID表识2.Most address fall in
33、to 3 separate classes.大多数IP地址分属以下三种类型3.Class A,Class B,Class C PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 27Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isEncapsulation of the protocols协议包装协议包装 The application da
34、ta are embedded in the data area of a TCP/IP packet 应用数据嵌入应用数据嵌入TCP/IP数据包的数据区内数据包的数据区内 Every TCP/IP packet is part of the data area of an Ethernet packet 每个每个TCP/IP数据包是以太网数据区的一部分数据包是以太网数据区的一部分Ethernet header(Ethernet addresses)Ethernet data area以太网数据区以太网数据区Ethernet trailer(FCS)Application data应用数据应用
35、数据IP header(IP addresses)TCP header(port numbers)TCP data areaTCP数据区数据区IP data areaIP数据区数据区 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 28Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isTwo Parts of IP Addresses IP
36、地址分为两部分地址分为两部分Net ID:Network Address 网络标识：网络地址网络标识：网络地址All Hosts within a network have the same Net IDNet IDs are unique and are assigned by a naming authorityHost ID:Host Address 主机标识：主机地址主机标识：主机地址Each Host within a network has a unique Host IDHost ID is assigned by the respective administratorNet
37、IDHost ID031 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 29Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isNet ID and Host ID AllocationClassRangeNetworksHostA0 7-bit network24-bit host1-12612616777216B1 014-bit ne
38、twork16-bit host128-1911638465536C1 1 021-bit network8-bit host192-2232097152256 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 30Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isThe Subnet Mask子网屏蔽子网屏蔽Net IDHost IDSub
39、net Mask3111111111111111111111111100000000Subnet IDNet IDHost ID0 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 31Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isNet ID and Host ID AllocationExample:Class C networkIP
40、 address:192.157.018.032Class C NetworkHost PortionDecimal 192.157.018.032Binary 11000000.10011101.00010010.00100000Subnet mask 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 32Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(T
41、CP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isSpezielle IP-Adressklassen 特殊特殊IP地址类型地址类型1 1 1 01 1 1 0Multicast Group ID 28 bitsMulticast Group ID 28 bits 组组2828位位IDID作为广播作为广播0314Klasse D 224.x.x.x 239.255.255.2551 1 1 11 1 1 1Reserviert fr knftige Erweiterungen 28 bitsReserviert fr knftige Erweiterung
42、en 28 bits0314Klasse E 240.x.x.x 255.255.255.255 PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 33Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isIP Header IP头报文头报文VersionVersionTOSTOSIdentificationIdentificationTotal
43、 LengthTotal LengthFlagsFlagsProtocolProtocolSource IP AddressSource IP AddressDestination IP AddressDestination IP AddressIP Options(optional)IP Options(optional)PaddingPaddingDataData32 bits32 bitsIHLIHLFragment OffsetFragment OffsetTime to LiveTime to LiveHeader ChecksumHeader Checksum048162431 P
44、ROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 34Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isARP and RARP Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)Identifies the MAC address associated with an IP addressUses an ARP table or
45、 ARP cache Reverse Address Resolution Protocol(RARP)Identifies the IP address associated with a MAC addressboot PROM/BOOTP PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 35Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET
46、 isAddressing in the networkThe Ethernet address(MAC address)Worldwide unambiguous physical device address 全世界明确的物理器件地址全世界明确的物理器件地址Vendor code and consecutive number 制造商号和连续号制造商号和连续号6-byte value(6 hexadecimal numbers)e.g.C0-10-A4-00-17-ACThe Internet address(IP address)Network unambiguous addressNet
47、work component(network ID)and user component(host ID)32-bit value(4 decimal numbers)e.g.142.0.1.3142.0.1.2142.0.1.4Subnetwork142.0.1142.0.1.1142.0.1.3Subnetwork142.0.2142.0.2.1142.0.2.3142.0.2.2142.0.2.4Total network142.0.The Subnet maskMasking out of IP address in thenetwork ID and host ID componen
48、ts 32-bit value,e.g.255.255.255.0Router PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 36Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isDHCP/DNS动态主机组态协议/Host Configuration and Name Resolution主机组态和名字分解主机组态和名字分解 PROFIB
49、US Nutzerorganisation 37Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isDHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)For automatical adjustment of TCP/IP configuration data.A DHCP-Server is able to para
50、meterize a Client with an IP-address and subnet mask PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation 38Ethernet BasicsPROFINET-BasicsISO/OSI-ModelCollision AvoidanceSome BasicsLayer 1 and 2Layer 3(IP)Layer 4(TCP/UDP)IT-Services Net structuresPROFINET isName Resolution 122.87.15.6 PC Nr.A122.87.15.9 PC Nr.B122.87.15.18