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1、Unit 1 Cultural HeritagePart one Vocabulary1. former adj. 以前的； (两者中）前者的former president 前总统former husband 前夫the former the latter 前者后者2. preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持n. 保护区preservefrom 保护免于3. promote vt. 促进；提升；推销；晋级promote sb. to 提升某人为4. take part in 参与（某事）； 参加（某活动）take part in = participate inplay a part i
2、n 参与5. give way to 让步；屈服feel ones way 摸索着前进；小心从事make ones way(to) （朝）前进6. balance n. 平衡；均匀vt. 使平衡keep a balance between and 保持与之间的平衡balance A with/and B 同等重视/兼顾和7. lead to 导致lead sb. to 引导某人去（地方）lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事8. proposal n. 提议；建议agree to sbs proposal 同意某人的建议9. likely adj. 可能的adv. 可能地be
3、likely to do 可能做某事10. turn to 向求助11. limit n. 限度；限制 vt. 限制；限定limit to 把限制在内（to时介词）There is a limit to 有对的限制12. loss n. 丧失；损失at a loss 茫然；不知所措loss of sight 失明lose vt. 失去be lost in 全神贯注；沉浸于13. contribution n. 捐款；贡献；捐赠contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；捐赠contribute to 为.捐献/撰稿；导致；促成14. conduct n.行为；举止；管理方法vt. 组织；安
4、排；带领under the conduct of 在管理/指导下conduct sb. into/to 领某人进入/到conduct sb. over/around 引导某人参观15. donate vt. （尤指向慈善机构）捐赠；赠送；献（血）donate to 向捐赠16. attempt n. & vt. 企图；试图；尝试attempt to do 努力/尝试做make an attempt at 尝试17. worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得花时间的It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth. 值得做某事18. throughout prep. 各处
5、；遍及；自始至终throughout the world 遍及世界各地19. quality n. 质量；品质；素质；特征 adj. 优质的；高质量的be of good/high quality 高/好质量20. tradition n. 传统；传统的信仰或风俗traditional adj. 传统的；惯例的It is a tradition to do sth. 做某事是一种传统21. historic adj. 历史上著名（或重要）的；有史时期的historical adj. （有关）历史的；历史题材的prehistoric adj. 史前的22. opinion n. 意见；想法；看法
6、in ones opinion 在某人看来have a good/ bad/ high/ low opinion of 对评价好/不好/高/低what is ones opinion (on/about)？ 某人（对）的看法是什么？be of the opinion that 相信；认为23. comparison n. 比较；相比by /in comparison (with sb./ sth.) （与某人/某物）相比较a comparison of A and /to / with B A与B的比较24. contrast n. 对比；对照by contrast 对比之下，相反in con
7、trast to/ with 和形成对比，和对照Part two Grammar关系代词和关系副词指代对象例句that作主语或宾语指物1） It is Mount Taithat lies in Shandong Province.（作主语）2） That is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard of.（作宾语）指人1） Who is the manthat is reading a book over there?（作主语）2） The girl (that) we saw yesterday is his sister.
8、（作宾语）which作主语或宾语指物1） My favorite place is Kunmingwhich is known as the Spring City.（作主语）2） This is the place (which) he would like to visit.（作宾语）who, whom，和whose分别作主语，宾语和定语（先行词在主句和从句中都作宾语时用whom）指人1） The tall manwho is playing basketball is Yao Ming.（作主语）2） That is the girl (whom) I met at the party
9、yesterday.（作宾语）3） Is this the boywhose parents went to Canada last year.（作定语）when, where和，why分别作时间状语，地点状语和原因状语1） I shall never forget the daywhen we first met in a park.（作时间状语）2） My favorite city is Beijingwhere I can visit the Great Wall.（作地点状语）3） This is the reasonwhy you should leave.（作原因状语）注：tha
10、t和which都可指物，且在句中都可作主语和宾语，多数情况下可以互换。但在以下情况中，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。1.先行词既指人又指物。2.先行词被all, every, any, little, only, much, no等不定代词修饰时，或先行词本身是all, much, everything, anything, no以及no构成的复合词。3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰。4.先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰。5.有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词。6.主句以who, what, which开头的特殊疑问句
11、。关系代词和关系副词的判定方法：关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分。若是做状语，则用关系副词或“介词+which”; 若是做主语和宾语，则用关系代词。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句：关系代词做介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系词更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which或whom；介词可以依据从句中的谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。 Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这是你画大价钱买的车吗？（根据从句中谓语动词pay的搭配来
12、定）注：（1）有些“动词+介词”短语，如 look for, look after, call on等不可拆开而把介词置于关系代词之前。（2）有时候“介词+关系代词”前还会有名词、代词等。The river, the bank of which are covered with trees, flows to the seas.定语从句需要注意的问题：1. as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such+名词+as像一样的；the same+名词+as 和同样的。2.当先行词是time时，若time表示“次数”，应用that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示“一段时间”讲
13、，应用when或“at/during + which”引导定语从句。This is the second time（that）the president has visited the country.这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。This is at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机的时代。3.定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是“one of+复数名
14、词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very，the only，the first，the last，the right 等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。4. stage表示“阶段”，occasion表示“场合”，后接的定语从句既可接when也可接where。The baby has reached the stage when he can stand up.婴儿到了能站立的阶段了。Par
15、t three Sentence1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.there表示方位，位于句首，其后句子用倒装；when引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a time。there引起的完全倒装句（1）表示地点的副词 there，here位于句首时，其后用完全倒装结构，即“There/Here+谓语+主语”。这类倒装句的谓语通常是系动词be和come，go等表示移动的不及物动词或stand，lie，live，appear，seem，exist，main，follow，happen，arise等表示状态的动词。The
16、re came the disturbing news.传来令人忧心的消息。注：there，here引起的完全倒装句，谓语动词是come，go时，常用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。up，down，in，on，away，of等表方位的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首以示强调时，需用完全倒装句，即“谓语+主语”；若主语是代词，则不用倒装。Up went the price.价格上涨。2. Not only had the counties found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but the
17、y had also is learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.本句含有“not onlybut also”结构。not only后的句子had the countries found是部分倒装句，but they had also learnt.是正常语序的句子。（1）not only.but also意为“不仅而且”，用作并列连词，相当于“not just.but also”。当连接句子时，not only后的句子用部分倒装，but also后的句子不用倒
18、装。Not only/just does he speak English correctly，but he also speaks it fluently.他不仅能准确地说英语，而且说得很流利。（2）该结构常用来连接并列成分，如：两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，在意义上强调后者。They not only broke into his office but also tore up his papers.他们不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且撕碎了他的文件。（3）该结构连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则。Not just the students but also their teacher likes playing football.不仅学生，而且他们的老师也喜欢踢足球。