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1、1sculpt v雕刻，雕塑sculpture n雕刻品，雕像，雕塑作品2oppose v反对opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的3behave v举止behavior n举止，行为4confuse v使困惑confusing adj.令人困惑的confused adj.困惑的confusion n困惑5alarm n警报器；闹钟alarmed adj.警觉的6reflect v显示，反映reflection n显示，反映7create v创造creative adj.创造(性)的creativity n创造性，创造力8visible adj.看得见的，可见的invisi
2、ble adj.看不见的1alarm n.惊恐，惊慌，恐慌；警报；警报器；闹钟I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night.恐慌She decided to sound the alarm.警报A car alarm went off in the middle of the night. 警报器The alarm went off at 7 oclock闹钟2reflect vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思Her facial expression reflected how she re
3、ally felt. 反映Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.表达Before I decide，I need time to reflect. 沉思Words and Phraseshave trouble (in)doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦(教材原句P14)Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学习英语很困难？例Many parents fr
4、ankly admit that they have trouble bringing up their children.许多家长坦诚，他们在抚养子女的问题上有困难。知识拓展in trouble处于困境中out of trouble 摆脱困境get into trouble 陷入困境get sb.into/out of trouble 使某人陷入/摆脱困境take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳做某事；费神做某事have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难/麻烦即学即练单句语法填空I never have trouble in sleeping (slee
5、p)in a strange place.Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently.Thanks for the trouble you have taken to help (help)us.What worries me is that I am really having trouble collecting (collect)useful information.opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的(教材原句P15)If “hard” is the
6、 opposite of “soft”，why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair?如果“hard”(坚硬的)是“soft”(柔软的)的反义词，为什么“hardly”(几乎不)和“softly”(柔软地)却不是一对反义词呢？例 My sister and I have opposing views on raising children.我的姐姐和我在养育孩子方面持有相反的观点。知识拓展(1)opposite adj.相反的，迥然不同的；对面的prep. 在对面adv. 在对面n. 对立面，对立的人(或物)be opposite to
7、与相反，在对面just the opposite 正好相反(2)oppose v. 反对，抵制oppose (doing)sth. 反对(做)某事be opposed to sth. 反对某事(3)opposition n. (强烈的)反对，反抗即学即练用oppose的适当形式填空The couple was looking forward to an overseas wedding but had to drop the idea after facing opposition from parents.Not everybody agree to the plan.Some suppor
8、t it，while I am one of those who are opposed to it.The twins have opposing attitudes towards life.Thus，one is living happily，and the other is just the opposite小片段填空We should look at the two opposing sides of everything.If you are for the bright side and keep to it.But the opposite side is not always
9、 useless for us.Just the opposite we may get some inspiration.(oppose)behavio(u)r n.行为，举止；表现方式(教材原句P15)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?如果harmless actions(无害的行为)是harmful actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么 shameless behaviors(无耻的行为)和shamefu
10、l behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？例His behavior in school is beginning to improve.他在学校的表现开始有所好转。知识拓展behave v.表现；表现得体，有礼貌behave well/badly 举止得当/不得当behave oneself 守规矩，行为检点即学即练单句语法填空My cousin Jim didnt behave himself (he)at the party and thus left a bad impression on the guests.The boy behaved well at the banque
11、t(宴会)and everyone praised his proper behavior(behave)As a teacher，you shouldnt look down upon those students who behave badly (bad)in school.What you should do is help and love them.小片段填空Everyone here behaves very politely and tourists are deeply impressed with their elegant behavior(behave)confusin
12、g adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的，不清楚的(教材原句P15)Even the smallest words can be confusing.即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。例The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明十分令人费解。知识拓展(1)confuse vt.使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆(2)confused adj. 困惑的，糊涂的(常用来修 饰人或人的表情、声音等)be confused about. 对感到困惑(3)confusion n. 困惑；困窘；混乱局面i
13、n confusion 困惑地；困窘地即学即练单句语法填空Be careful not to confuse “abroad”with/and“aboard”The two words are very similar.He looked at me in confusion (confuse)and did not answer the question.When you are confused about some words in reading，you can refer to the dictionary.小片段填空They confused me by asking so man
14、y confusing questions.I was totally confused，standing there in confusion and not knowing what to do next.(confuse)(教材原句P15)You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down，in which you fill in a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm is
15、only heard once it goes off!你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns down)时它就“烧毁”(burn up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling it out)的方式“填写表格”(fill in a form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes off)时才被听到！(1)burn up烧毁；烧尽例Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up the fat.有氧运动加速心脏跳动，有助于消耗更多脂肪。知识拓展burn down烧毁，烧掉(多指建
16、筑物被烧塌)burn sth.off 烧掉某物burn (sth.)out 烧坏；燃尽burn.to the ground 把彻底烧毁即学即练完成句子在火灾中，有许多房子被烧毁了。A number of houses were burnt down in the fire.快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.在消防车到达之前，火已经熄灭了。The fire had burnt out before the fire engines arrived.在上周的这场大火中，至少九座房子被烧为平地。A
17、t least nine houses were burned to the ground in the big fire last week.(2)alarm n.U惊恐，惊慌；C警报器，警报；闹钟vt.使担心，使害怕，使惊恐例Set the alarm for 6 oclock，or you will be late for the flight tomorrow.把闹钟定在6 点钟，否则你明天会误了航班。知识拓展(1)in alarm惊慌地(常作方式状语)raise/sound the alarm发出警报(2)alarming adj. 使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的(3)alarmed adj
18、. 担心，害怕be/feel alarmed by/at sth.因某事而担心/害怕即学即练单句语法填空The rainforests are disappearing at an alarming(alarm)rate，which should arouse the governments attention.Hearing a loud noise outside his door，he jumped up in alarm.American people were alarmed at/by a series of campus fires in recent years.In each
19、 of these accidents，many deaths were reported.小片段填空All the students were awoken by the fire alarm(alarm)raised by the gatekeeper.They jumped down the beds in alarm.Some of them even felt alarmed (alarm)by the fire in front of them and cried.reflect vt.显示，表明；反射；反映，映出(影像)；沉思，认真思考(教材原句P15)English was i
20、nvented by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。例 The literature of a period reflects its values.某一时期的文学可反映出该时期的价值观。知识拓展(1)reflect sb./sth.in sth.在里映出reflect on/upon. 认真思考(2)reflection n. 反射，反映；映像；沉思即学即练单句语法填空His face was reflected (reflect)i
21、n the big mirror when he passed by.Your clothes are often a reflection (reflect)of your personality.The little boy could see his fingers reflected (reflect)on the wall.小片段填空I think you should stop for a moment and reflect on/upon your success and failure.What one culture considers a confusing or awk
22、ward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection (reflect)and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said.wind up 给(机械)上发条；摇动(把手等)；使(活动、会议等)结束(教材原句P15)And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，but when I wind up this passage，it ends.这也是为什么当我给手表上(紧)发条(wind up)时，它开始
23、走，但是当我结束(wind up)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。例After he got into the car，he started winding the window up.上了车以后，他开始摇上车窗。知识拓展wind ones way蜿蜒前进wind down 放松一下wind up doing 最终做；最终落得即学即练单句语法填空I find it difficult to wind down after a day at work.I wound up doing (do)the job just to keep my customers happy.The Great Wall
24、winds its (it)way from west to east，through valleys，over mountains，across deserts until at last it reaches the sea.Sentence Patternsneither.nor.既不也不(教材原句P14)Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。句式分析：neither.nor.既不也不，连接句中两个并列的句子成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。例1Ne
25、ither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。例2Neither has he done it，nor will he do it.他没有做过这事，他以后也不会做这事。知识拓展(1)可以单独使用 neither 作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。(2)neither 或 nor表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用 neither 或 nor 的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor助动词/情态动词/be动词主语。即学即练单句语法填空Neither was my wife nor my parents able to
26、persuade my daughter to change her mind.They didnt go to the park yesterday.Neither/Nor did we.Qingdao and Shanghai are all beautiful cities but I have been to neither before.get sb.doing 使某人一直做或者处于某状态(教材原句P14)This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门令人抓狂的
27、语言。句式分析：get sb./sth.doing 使某人一直做或者处于某状态，宾语与宾补之间为主谓关系，且宾补动作一直在进行。例1He tried to get the machine running.他尽力让机器转着。例2Who can get the water running?谁能让水流着？知识拓展(1)get sb.to do sth.使某人做某事(2)get sth.done 使某事被做即学即练单句语法填空I managed to get the car moving (move).If you can get them to talk(talk)，your problem is
28、solved.I got that broken window replaced (replace)at last.That/This is why.那/这就是的原因。(教材原句P15)That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible.那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。句式分析：That/This is why.意为“那/这就是的原因”，why引导表语
29、从句，表示结果。例1Thats why more and more foreigners are interested in learning Chinese.那就是越来越多的外国人对学汉语感兴趣的原因。例2Thats why I insist the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.那就是我坚持认为长江之行是更好的选择的原因。知识拓展(1)This/That/It is because.这/那是因为(because引导表语从句，表示原因)(2)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(why引导定
30、语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换Hes more of a talker than a doer.This is why he never finishes anything.From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill. Tom was ill.That was why he
31、 came late for the meeting.Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.小片段填空Fish prefer shallow water to deep water.That is why we see the fish swimming in the water.And that is because the former is warmer.教材高考1.Have you
32、 ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English？(2018 天津卷)If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，youll have no trouble answering these questions.2.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.(2019全国卷)Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.3.and in which
33、 an alarm is only heard once it goes off！(2018全国卷)Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out！4.English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(2019全国卷)But that changed when a system of hightech mirrors was introduced to reflect sun
34、light from neighboring peaks (山峰)into the valley below.(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.5.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible.(2018浙江卷)T
35、his is why there is a saying that if you want something done，ask a busy person to do it.单句语法填空1She is satisfied with the childrens good behavior (behave).2His writing is so confusing (confuse)that it is difficult to make out what it is he wants to express.3He admired his reflection(reflect)in the mi
36、rror.4It is time for opposing(oppose)factions to unite and work towards a common goal.5As teachers，we should encourage students to use their creativity (create)to express themselves.6The mountains are invisible (visible)because of the clouds.7Her sculpture (sculpt)will be on show at the museum until
37、 the end of this month.8Alarmed (alarm)by the noise，the birds flew away.9Ive got a cold；that is why I wouldnt like to have a meal.10My duty was to get the four of us studying (study)the subject.短语填空look out of，what about，speaking of，go off，for example，burn up，have trouble in，fill in，wind up，in ones
38、free time 1Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race?2Look out of the window！Its snowing.3If we all agree，lets wind up the discussion.4. Speaking of bicycle，some people think it has outdated in many big cities.5Please fill in this form，giving your name，age and address.6We of
39、ten have trouble in using neutral pens because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.7Prices have risen sharply.The price of vegetables，for example，has risen by over 10%.8The gun went off and the bullet went flying over his head.9I play tennis in my free timeWhat about you?10What about going ou
40、t for a walk after supper?.课文语法填空Have you ever asked 1.yourself (you)why people often have trouble 2.learning (learn)English? I hadnt，until one day my fiveyearold son asked me 3.whether there was ham in a hamburger.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4.to learn (learn).Even the
41、smallest words can be 5.confusing (confuse).You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6.which a house can burn up as it burns down，and in which an alarm is only 7.heard (hear)once it goes off!English 8.was invented (invent)by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the 9.lights (light)are out，they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，10.but when I wind up this passage，it ends.11