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1、说明文是中考书面表达题中常见的写作形式。在初中阶段，说明文主要要求考生将活动、人物、地点等要素进行清楚的描述，考查考生的观察能力和将图表或所给提示转化为完整文字信息的能力。要写出一篇合乎要求的说明文，应注意以下几点：一审 要想做到文章切题、要点齐全，审题至关重要。下笔之前要将所给的材料看清楚，读懂材料所要表达的内容或情景。二定 一定要点：根据所给材料要点，定出中心句。注意适当发挥，避免逐字逐句翻译。二定方法：常用的说明方法有举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法等。要根据说明的对象、目的来选择最佳的说明方法。三理 理顺各中心句之间的关系，排列好各中心句的顺序。说明文常用的结构安
2、排顺序有以下三种：时间顺序、空间顾序和逻辑顺序。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚、脉络明晰。四查 查写作要点，查段落层次，查时态语态，查用词、拼写、标点等。通过检查，可以避免一些不必要的错误，使文章趋于完美。例：假如你是李华，你校校报的英语专栏正在开展以“美丽的黄河风情线” (The Beautiful Yellow River Custom Tourist Line)为主题的英语征文活动，你打算参加。请根据以下内容要点用英语写一篇短文。1. 风情线总览(the Yellow River, run through the city of Lanzhou, a famous road called B
3、inhe Road, along the Yellow River)；2. 聚焦景观(Zhongshan Bridge, waterwheel(水车), many parks)；3. 休闲娱乐(fly kites, play chess)；4. 特色游览(go sightseeing, sheepskin raft(羊皮筏子),water bus)。要求：1. 80词左右； 2. 条理清楚，行文连贯，书写规范；内容上可适度发挥。注意：不得出现学校、姓名等个人信息(除所给身份外)。 _【写作思路】这是一篇话题作文，根据材料中的相关信息介绍一下美丽的黄河风情线。主要从风情线总览、聚焦景观、休闲娱乐
4、和特色游览四个方面去进行简要的说明。时态为一般现在时。注意作文中必须包含材料上的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。【参考范文】The Beautiful Yellow River Custom Tourist LineThe Yellow River is our mother river. Do you know what scenic spots the beautiful Yellow River h
5、as? Let me tell you! The Yellow River flows through Lanzhou. There is a famous highway called Binhe Road, which runs along the Yellow River. Along the Yellow River there are many parks, as well as the picturesque Zhongshan Bridge, beautiful waterwheel and so on. There are many places for leisure and
6、 entertainment, such as flying kites, playing chess and so on. There, you can enjoy special tours, such as sightseeing, sheepskin raft and water bus. The beautiful Yellow River is waiting for you!【名师点评】【高分句型一】There is a famous highway called Binhe Road, which runs along the Yellow River. 有一条著名的公路叫做滨
7、河路，它沿着黄河行驶。句子which runs along the Yellow River.是由which引导的定语从句。说明文主要包括：（一）人物说明文写作要求人物说明文一般包括人物的出生年月、主要经历、事迹成就、影响和评价等。首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据需要选取写作素材，简明扼要又重点突出地去介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。人物介绍一般都是从外形到性格，或从一般经历到创造性的贡献，在最后常有结论性的评语。写人物说明文一般包括以下几点： 1. 出生年月；2. 主要经历；3. 事迹成就；4. 影响、评价。叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从外形到性格，从一般经历到创造性的贡献，最后常有结论性的评语
8、。语言简洁生动：说明文的目的是向读者介绍他们不了解、不熟悉的人物、事理等，因此说明文的语言要浅显、简洁、生动。时态语态：说明文常用一般现在时。如果说明的是人物、事物过去或将来的情况，则要用过去或将来的有关时态。另外，由于说明文重点放在被说明的人物、事物上，故有些说明文被动语态的使用频率相对比较高。 写作模板介绍人物典型事迹作出评价Can you.? Do you know.?He is called . We all .He often . One day. Not only. but also.引出人物He is . He was born. He graduated from. He li
9、kes.【常用词汇】1. 表示外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes, fat, good-looking, handsome, healthy, near-sighted, ordinary-looking, pretty, short, strong, tall, thin, with a big smile, white-haired, curly/ straight hair, medium height2. 表示性格特点：absent-minded, attractive, bad-tempered, bright, confident, frien
10、dly, generous, humorous, kind, kind-hearted, lazy, naughty, smart, warm-hearted, wise, outgoing, quiet3. 表示兴趣爱好：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be pleased with, enjoy doing, expect to do, look forward to doing sth, put ones heart into4. 表示经历事迹：become a member of the , concentrate on doing
11、sth, devote oneself to, encourage sb to do sth, fight for, have a good way of doing sth, make up ones mind to do sth, try ones best to do sth5. 表示他人评价：a model , be considered as, be famous / known as, be regarded as, make great contributions to our country, set a good example to all of us【常用句型】1. He
12、/ She is really 他/她真的是2. He/ She looks like 他/她看上去像3. He used to be/ have 他过去常常4. Her favourite is 她最喜欢的是5. She is good at 她擅长（二）事物说明文写作要求事物说明文是以介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因、结果等方面的特征。说明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之理解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。对中学生而言，事物说明文的出题形式为文字、图标、图表、文体则可见于短文、书信、便条、日记等。写说事物明文必须注意事实准确，表达清晰，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准
13、确。要写好事物说明文应注意以下几点：1. 要善于抓住事物的特征介绍事物，一定要抓住事物的特征。所谓特征，就是这一事物区别与其他事物的标志。只有抓住了事物的特征，才能将其状貌、性质、成因、功能和意义等说的明白、清楚。这种写作方法尤其适用于描写大家所熟悉的而又具有新的、与众不同的特征的事物。2. 要遵循一定的顺序介绍一件事物，目的是让读者清楚地了解事物本身的特点、性质以及用途等，因此更需要条理清楚。我们可以按以下三类顺序说明事物：（1）时间顺序，即按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。（2）空间顺序，即按事物空间位置的顺序，由上至下，由近及远或由里至外地进行说明。（3）逻辑顺序，即按人们认识事物的
14、规律进行说明，如由概括到具体，由整体到部分，由现象到本质，由表及里，由原因到结果，由主要到次要，由特点到用途等。3. 运用恰当的语言介绍事物，文字要力求简洁、明白、准确。除讲究语言平实准确的前提下，我们还可以运用描写的方法，来增添文章的可读性。注意事项事物说明文的主要特点：一是知识性和科学性，二是应用性和解说性，三是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写，要用具体翔实的材料说明问题，而不要抽象、空洞的讨论。语言要简洁、准确、条理要清楚。讨论问题是要集中，切忌面面俱到。说明文的时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语态，有时用虚拟语气。 模板 （事物） is / lies （地理位置） . It has/
15、 is （特征） . There are many places of interest here, for example, （景点介绍） . There are also many （人们的活动、风俗等） . I hope/ think （看法和感受） .模板The table below shows that （说明问题或现象） . （数据） percent （现象一） . （数据） percent （现象二） . （数据） percent （现象三） .In my opinion （自己的观点或感受） .【常用词汇】1. 表示形状：round, square, long, tall,
16、short, triangular(三角形的)2. 表示材料：wood, wool, cotton, metal, plastic, gold 3. 表示特点：important, common, sweet, crispy, sour, salty, hard, soft, delicious, nice, fresh, pleasant, popular 【常用句型】1. Its 400 meters long/ wide/ high. 它有400米长/宽/高。2. The ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子与那把一样长。3. Its made of/ f
17、rom wood. 它是由木材做成的。4. All that we can do is to . 我们所能做的就是5. It is quite clear that . 十分清楚的是6. There are some reasons for . 关于有以下理由。（三）方式、方法说明文写作要求常见的方式、方法说明文有学习方法指导、产品使用说明、操作程序介绍、计划安排等。写这类说明文应把握的要点有：首先，要细致、准确地了解被说明对象的发展变化规律，也就是要准确地把握一个步骤或进程，不跳跃，不遗漏。只有这样，才能写出能够指导我们生活、工作、学习的说明文。其次，要用准确、科学的语言来表达。方式、方法说
18、明文所涉及的多是操作步骤、使用方法之类的内容，所以写作时不要说外行话。再者，内容要点要有详略安排。关键的要点应详写，其余的可以略写。根据说明对象的不同特点来安排详略，不仅能使读者了解其关键所在，还可以避免文章的呆板乏味。【常用单词】1. 表示建议：should, had better do, suggest, advice, is a good way2. 表示步骤：first of all, at last, and then, after that3. 表示计划：plan / prepare for/ to do, be going to, will【常用句型】1. With the ra
19、pidly growing popularity of 随着的快速普及2. It is quite clear that 十分清楚的是3. There are some reasons for 关于有以下理由。4. A recent survey suggests that 最近的一项调查显示5. All we can do is to 我们所能做的就是 例题 （一） 假如你是阳光中学的李华，每周五下午你校开设校本必修课(required course)与选修课(elective course),请介绍必修课Travel of Science, 根据个人情况选择一门选修课并说明理由；同时，对你
20、的选择的课程提出建议。Required courseElective CourseSubjectTravel of sciencel introducing scientists and inventionsSubjectPhotographyl taking photosGardeningl growing flowersTeachera professorTeachera young reporter4:00 p.m.-4:45 p.m. Schools gardenTime & Placel 2:30 p .m.- 3:15 p.m.l school hallTime & Placel
21、4:00 p.m.-4:45 p.m.l City ParkAn old gardenerTiptake notebooks and pensTipTake camerastools offered by school要求：1. 所写内容必须包括必修课及一门选修课的所有信息；2. 对你所选择的一门选修课说明理由，并对其提出建议；3. 文章不少于90词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；4. 语意通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；5. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等信息。_【写作思路】这篇作文要求我们对学校周五下午安排的必修课和选修课程进行介绍。审题可知，短文应使用一般现在时，第一人称为主来叙述
22、。内容应包括以下几个方面：首先介绍必修课程Travel of science，题目中利用表格的形式展示了这个课程的主要内容、老师、上课的时间、地点以及小提示，学生们根据表格用正确的英语表达出来即可；接下来应根据个人情况，从表格中提供的两门选修课中选择一个，阐述自己的理由，并对该课程提出一些建议。这一部分需要学生们展开想象，结合自己的实际生活，补充具体的内容，再用英语表达出来。写作时应注意：首先短文应包括题目中要求的所有内容，不能遗漏要点，而且注意分清层次和结构，使叙述清晰、完整、有条理。合理安排各部分内容，主次分明。其次应注意英语表达习惯和汉语的不同，不能根据汉语思维逐词翻译，应从句子的整体结
23、构出发，写完整的句子。可以简单句结构为基础，穿插并列句、复合句以及其他复杂句式和结构，提升作文档次。同时语句之间使用恰当的连接成分，使文意连贯、表达自然。【参考范文】Every Friday afternoon, our school offers required and elective courses. Travel of science is a required course. We can learn about some scientists and their inventions. I think it will be interesting. The course is g
24、iven by a professor, who is well-known for his lecture. So you mustnt miss it. The course is from 2:30 p.m. to 3:15 p.m. in the school hall. Youd better take notebooks and pens so that you can write down the main points. There are two elective courses, Photography and Gardening. I would like to choo
25、se the former because I like taking photos. I think I can learn more skills in the class. The teacher who gives this course is a young reporter. So I think we may have similar thoughts and easy to get along with each other. I want the course to add more chances for us to take photos outdoors.【名师点评】这
26、是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，介绍了学校开设的校本必修课程，并从两个选修课中选择了自己喜欢的一个，介绍了自己选择这门课程的原因，并对该课程提出了自己的建议。短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容完整，符合题目要求，没有遗漏要点。叙述清晰、有条理，理由充分、合情理。提出的建议也比较中肯，符合该情景。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，语法规范，用词准确，句式结构符合英语的表达习惯，短文中用到了简单句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、非谓语动词、被动语态等多种句式和结构，增强了文章的表现力。文中较好的短语和句式有We can learn about some scientists and thei
27、r inventions.、The course is given by a professor, who is well-known for his lecture.、Youd better take notebooks and pens so that you can write down the main points、The teacher who gives this course is a young reporter.、 So I think we may have similar thoughts and easy to get along with each other.、
28、I want the course to add more chances for us to take photos outdoors.等等。（二） 假定你是李华，收到英国笔友 Harry 的邮件，获悉他在机器人制作比赛中获奖。请根据邮件内容给他回复。词数 80 左右。From: HarryTo: Lihua 2019Dear Li Hua,Im glad to tell you that Ive just won the first place in a robot-making competition. I love robots! They bring me great fun.Wha
29、t do you think of robots? Do you want to have your own robot? Why? Looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Harry参考词汇：congratulation 祝贺注意事项：1. 回复邮件时可适当发挥，邮件格式已给出，不计入总词数；2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范；3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名及地名。Dear Harry,_Yours, Li Hua【写作思路】此类观点表达和原因说明类的作文，在我们三轮的中考复习中进行过系统的训练。 学生可根据日常所授的写作模板，对全
30、文内容及结构进行合理安排。（1）结构：开头表示祝贺，使用所给提示词；（2）正文要点：表达兴趣并说明原因，至少两点（如热点科技，对科技创新的兴趣，对生活的改变，对医疗、救援 的帮助等）；写作时从单词拼写到句子结构，从时态到语态，都应该注意统一。在打草稿时把需要用到的关键词、高级句式、关键结构甚至注意事项等简单地写在题目旁边，以尽量规避错误。【参考范文】Dear Harry,Congratulations！How glad I am to share your good news!I think robots are helpful in many ways. And in the future,
31、 they will play more important roles in our daily life. Plus, I am dying to have a robot of my own. I can have it take care of my grandparents when we are not at home. You see, my grandparents are old and cannot move easily. It can help them do some housework such as cooking, cleaning the house and
32、so on.Hoping you will make greater progress.Yours,Li Hua（三） Write a review（评论） of the following story in about 120 words The review has to include the following points（阅读下面的故事，请根据下面的提示，写出一篇约120词的评论）（1）The title of your review（你撰写的评论的标题）（2）Your idea（s）， examples and the reason（s） for unhappiness and
33、happiness in the story（你归纳的关于故事中幸福和不幸福的观点，举例子并说明原因）（3）Your idea（s） of happiness， examples for happiness in your daily life（归纳你在日常生活中关于幸福的观点，并举例说明）（4）Your conclusion about happiness（关于幸福的结论）（5）The words you may use（你可能用到的词） be satisfied with（对满意） desire n欲望 contentment 知足 the key（关键） to happinessA lo
34、ng time ago， in a rich and beautiful country， there lived an unhappy king He slept badly and didnt feel like eating He often cried for no reason This made the queen and his people worried So they called a doctor to examine himBut he found nothing wrong with his bodyHe said what the king needed was t
35、he shirt of a happy person to wearThat would make him happyThe prime minister was called to the palace But when they explained the kings situation to him， he said，Although I have a lot of power， it doesnt make me happy Im always worried about losing my powerThen the kings banker came to say， Im afra
36、id Im not happy either I have a lot of wealth， but Im always worried about losing money Someone tries to steal my money Next， the palace singer was called to say， Im famous but Im not happy because Im worried about being followed by others I cant be freeFinally， the top general was told to go out to
37、 find a happy man He searched and searched but couldnt find anyone Everyone seemed to have their own problems， and no one was truly happy Just as he wanted to give up he saw a poor man on the street He was eating with his hands and singing happily to himself The general went to him and said，What mak
38、es you so happy？ You have no power， money， or fame The man said，I have everything I want and I dont want what I cant have So Im happy， and my song comes from the happiness in my heart Can you give your shirt to me， I need it， said the generalWhat shirt？ I don t have any shirtsanswered the man_【写作思路】
39、这是一篇要求写评论的文章，根据下面的故事中的相关信息写出一篇约120词的评论。所提供的材料中列举了撰写的评论的标题。主要从：（1）归纳的关于故事中幸福和不幸福的观点，举例子并说明原因。（2）归纳你在日常生活中关于幸福的观点，并举例说明；（3）关于幸福的结论。这几个方面去介绍。时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意评论中必须包含材料上的故事情节，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。【参考范文】My Thoughts ab
40、out HappinessPower, wealth, and fame cant always make people happy. For example, the rich people were unhappy, because they are afraid of losing money, while the poor people was truly happy because he was satisfied with what he could have. What can always make me happy？Happiness is always in my hear
41、t and is easy to find if I pay more attention to what I have. For instance, enjoying the beautiful sunshine after a cloudy day, getting a glass of water from mother when I am studying, getting help from my friends when I am in trouble and so on. These are the moments when I am happy.All in all, dont think about what you cant have. Contentment is the key to happiness.【名师点评】（1