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1、第2讲名词性从句名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Many students dont know what they should do，but what Xiao Meng wants to do is earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents burden.It is said that many small companies need graduates to do par
2、t-time jobs.Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she is not sure whether she will be employed.She also wonders when she will be admitted to a college and which city she will go.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a good university.规则感悟位于及物动词或形容词之后的从句是宾语从句。谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句。此外，该从句可以用it
3、作形式主语。位于be动词之后的从句是表语从句。位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的从句为同位语从句。1名词性从句的引导词如下表所示引导词功能从属连词that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义whether，if在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”because，as if/though在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”连接代词who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom(ever)在从句中作宾语；which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；whose在从句
4、中作定语连接副词when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever)在从句中作状语2名词性从句的语序是陈述语序Do you know where will the party be held？()Do you know where the party will be held？()3名词性从句的时态(1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。It annoys me that he broke my favourite vase.他打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，这令我很生气。Do you know when and whe
5、re he bought the book?你知道他什么时候在哪里买的这本书吗？I have heard that our teacher will come back tomorrow.我听说我们的老师明天就回来了。(2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed.我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。My teacher said that the sun rises in the east a
6、nd sets in the west.老师说太阳从东方升起西方落下。 (客观真理)4what与that的用法that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。I believe what he said because he is an honest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。5whether与if的用法(1)用whether或if均可的情况引导大部分动词后的宾语从
7、句时，两者均可使用。it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。(2)用whether而不用if的情况引导主语从句置于句首时；引导表语从句和同位语从句时；引导介词的宾语从句时；引导词与or not连用时；引导词后接to do时；有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。6what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever 引导名词性从句的区别(1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。Do you know who b
8、roke the window?你知道是谁打坏的窗子吗？(2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所的一切事或东西”，“任何的人”“的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do anything that it takes to save her li
9、fe.她是我的至亲，我们已经准备好了不惜一切代价救她的命。7that不可省略的情况(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。She said (that) her ambition was to enter a key university，that she would study hard to make her dream come true，and that she would live up
10、 to her parents expectations.她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。8同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the ear
11、th was not the centre of the universe.起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。9why与because 引导表语从句的区别why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。I had a cold.That was why I didnt attend school.我感冒了，因此我没去上学。I didnt attend school. That was because I had a cold.我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。注意：(1)句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。T
12、he reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。(2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible.我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。10as if/though引导的表语从句as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。It sounds as if
13、somebody is knocking at/on the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。She treats him as if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。11同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句是用于解释说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，而定语从句是对作先行词的名词的限制、描绘或说明。that在同位语从句中只是连接主从句，没有任何意义，不在从句中充当句子成分；that在定语从句中是关系代词，不但连接主从句，而且指代被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。I had no idea that Brisbane has so many people
14、! (that引导同位语从句，不能省略)The idea (that) he put forward at the meeting is very reasonable.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)对点练习1People wonder why Qizai is brown，given that his mother is black and white.Scientists guess that its due to some genetic mutation(基因突变)2Asian elephants are among the most highly protected an
15、imals in China and what drove the elephants to make their long trip is still unknown.3They interacted with students from five classrooms across China and showed viewers how they live and work inside the space station.4The reason why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam.5He expressed h
16、is hope that he would visit China again.6I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to whether or not the milk was hot.1What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.(2021新高考全国) 2By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived.(2018江苏)3Every year，whoeve
17、r makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京)4You have to know where youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015福建)5She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津6月)层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1He was not
18、looking for others smiles，or worrying about whether someone was watching or not.2Helen McCarthy，an author and expert on Japanese Cartoons，explained why the character is so popular.“Because Hello Kitty is all about happiness，friendship and fun.”3My first task was to decide where to go and how to get
19、there.4Students can choose what/whatever they want to do and register online.5Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building，and thats where I dont agree.6The problem is that one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.7Twenty-five years later the traveler returned to the
20、same place.What he saw amazed him.He could not believe his own eyes.8Therefore，it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care.9The issue whether the measure will be in effect is still under discussion.10I asked him what his father had done so that he became such a good person.层级二高考真题
21、练单句语法填空1Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely.(2022浙江1月)2“He saved my sons life，” said Mrs Brown.“I dont know how to thank him.” (2022新高考全国)3The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about where she lived.(2021
22、北京)4It seemed that I had become what my parents had wanted me to be.(2021天津6月)5What puzzles Lilys friends is why/that she always has so many crazy ideas.(2021天津3月)6Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised
23、and crops they had sown.(2020浙江7月)7It is not a problem whether/if we can win the battle；its just a matter of time.(2020江苏)8The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.(2020天津7月)9While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence that they range all the way a
24、cross the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019全国)10The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018天津6月)层级三语篇提能练语法填空1 worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2. she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.
25、she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she cant sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4. she becomes fatter these days，she thinks.5. she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to
26、consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she can get better suggestions and 6. will give her better advice also puzzle her.It is her parents suggestion 7._ she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8._ she keep a balanced diet first.She should e
27、at vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.Whats more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9. she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 oclock in the afternoon.That is 10
28、. she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的同学玛丽因为最近胖了很多而且经常生病而烦恼，她的父母建议她向王教授咨询。在王教授的帮助下，她通过均衡饮食和运动变得越来越健康。1答案What解析考查主语从句。分析句子可知，第一个空引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么，所的”，故用what。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填What。2答案that解析考查表语从句。分析
29、句子可知，is后面为表语从句，从句成分完整，因此用that引导，that无实际意义，在句中不作任何成分。故填that。3答案whether解析考查同位语从句。分析句子可知，doubt后接的是同位语从句，从句说的是doubt的内容，从句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether。4答案why解析考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“的原因”，故填why。5答案How解析考查主语从句。分析句子可知，has been前为主语从句，根据句意，表示“如何，怎样”，需用how。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填How。6答案who解析考查主语从句。分析句子可知，空
30、格处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“谁”，故填who。7答案that解析考查主语从句。分析句子可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语为空后的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。8答案that解析考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，suggests后接的是宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。9答案when解析考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，ask接双宾语，空后为宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据下文可知此处表示“什么时间”，故填when。10答案because解析考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“原因”，故填because。1what引导的名词
31、性从句最显眼(2022浙江1月)更重要的是从那以后我们成了好朋友。Whats far more important is that we have become good friends since then.(2021浙江6月)令我惊讶的是，我爸爸允许我按照我的意愿使用这笔钱。What surprised me was that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished. 2同位语从句放在开头实力开篇(2022浙江1月)有一天，我听说他因患重病而住院了。One day I got word that he was admitted to h
32、ospital for a serious disease.(2021全国乙)没有人能否认在线学习正变得越来越流行这一事实。No one can deny the fact that online learning is becoming more and more popular.3表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全(2022全国甲)我们必须采取措施来保护海洋的原因是它的污染正变得越来越严重。The reason why we must take measures to protect the ocean is that its pollution is becoming more and mor
33、e serious.(2021北京)很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断了腿，我必须照顾他。Im sorry that I cant go out with you as planned.The reason is that my younger brother broke his leg the other day and I must look after him. 4That/This is because/why.灵活简练(2022全国乙)他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏，那是因为他们缺乏自律。Theyre more easily addicted to chattin
34、g online or playing games.Thats because they lack self-discipline.(2021浙江6月)这个展览非常精彩，展示了中国文化的魅力。这就是为什么我想推荐我的同学们也来参加这个艺术展。The exhibition is fantastic and shows the charm of Chinese culture.This is why I would like to recommend my fellow students to attend this art show as well.5注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合(2022新高
35、考全国)我强烈建议你去参加校广播站英语节目说说话举办的访谈。I strongly recommend that you should take part in an interview held by “Talk and Talk”，which is an English programme in our school broadcast station.(2021上海)我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文教授的，这会对你有很大的好处。I recommend that you (should) choose the Listening and Speaking course，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit you a lot.