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1、高考英语语法知识讲解一、“find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构在“find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，通常可以作宾语补足语的有：名词（短语）、形容词（短语）、副词、介词（短语）、不定式（短语）、现在分词（短语）、过去分词（短语）等。He woke up aftersleeping for several hours,only tofindthe lights on.他睡了几个小时后，醒来发现灯是亮着的。（副词作宾语补足语）He was blown off course, andfound himself in an unknown area.他被风吹离了航线，发现自己身处一片陌生的区域。（介词
2、短语作宾语补足语）Wefound him （to be ）a good teacher.我们认为他是个好老师。（ to be +n. 作宾语补足语， to be可以省略）The janitorfound him lying in bedhelplessly with pain yesterday morning.昨天早晨，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，极度痛苦。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，与宾语之间为逻辑上的主动关系）He came to himself eventually,finding himself tied down to the ground.他终于清醒过来，发现自己被绑在地上。（过
3、去分词短语作宾语补足语，与宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系）特别注意：在此结构中，如果宾语过长，为了保持句子平衡，常用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。其句型为：主语+find+it +宾语补足语（adj./n.)+真正的宾语。think, believe, make, feel 等词常用于此句型。Ithink it importantfor usto learnEnglish well.我认为对我们来说学好英语很重要。【习题】一.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.He gradually found himself_ (enjoy) this game.2.H
4、e hurried to the classroom,but found the door_(lock).3.She found_ hard to communicate with him.二、根据汉语意思完成句子。1.醒来的时候 ，她发现自己在医院里。When coming to life, she found_.2.我发现那是一部乏味的电影。( it作宾语）I found _.3.他发现在如此短的时间内完成工作是不可能的。（it作形式宾语）He found_in such a shorttime.4.该演讲者对在此进行演讲感到荣幸。（ it作形式宾语）The speaker _ to de
5、liver the speech here.【答案】一.1.enjoying 2.locked 3.it二.1.herself in hospital2. it(to be) a boring film 3.itimpossibleto finish the work4.feels itan honour二、祈使句+and/or +陈述句“祈使句+and+陈述句”，相当于“肯定的if 条件状语从句+主句”。Get up early, and you will catch the first bus.=If you get up early, you will catch the first b
6、us.早起些，你就能赶上第一班公共汽车了。2.祈使句+or+陈述句“，相当于“否定的if 条件状语从句/unless 从句（unless 意为“如果不”）+主句“。Put on your coat, or you will catch a cold.= If you dont put on your coat/Unless you put on your coat, you will catch a cold.穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。3.上述句型中的祈使句也可以由名词短语充当。One more hour/Another one hour and well get everything rea
7、dy for take-off.再有一个小时，我们就会做好起飞的一切准备。【习题】一.根据汉语意思完成句子。1. 学习再努力些，否则你会考试不及格。Work harder,_.2. 再有三天时间，我们就能完成这项任务了。_ and well finish the task.3. 学会明智地安排时间，你就能充分利用每一天。_, and you can make the most of each day.二.同义句转换：Keep up with the latest news, or you will be confused about the situation._, you will be c
8、onfused about the situation._, you will be confused about thesituation.【答案】一.1.or you will fail the exam. 2.Three more days/Anotherthree days3.Learn to manage time wisely二.If youdont keep up with the latest news; Unless you keep up with the latest news.三、“This is the +序数词+time （that) sb.has/have don
9、e sth.”句型 “This is the +序数词+time （that) sb.has/have done sth.”这是某人第.次做某事1.This 可用 That 或 It 替换。2.that 引导的从句为定语从句，that 可省略。3.主句be 动词为 is 时， that 从句用现在完成时；主句be 动词为 was 时，that 从句用过去完成时。It is the first timein my life (that)I have joinedin such a grand celebration.这是我有生以来第一次参加如此盛大的庆典。She was astonished;t
10、his was the firsttime (that) she had heard ofsuch things.她大吃一惊，这是她第一次听说这样的事。【习题】一.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1. This is the first time thatI_ (take)part in such an importantmeeting alone.2. It was the second time that I_(be) to Europe.二.翻译句子。1. This is the first time that recycled materialshave been used to m
11、ake Olympic medals.2. In fact,this is the first time that a number of leaders have gathered together.【答案】一.1.have taken 2.had been二.1.这是再生材料第一次被用来制作奥运会奖牌。2.事实上，这是第一次这么多领导人齐聚一堂。四、What if.? 句型1.What if.? 是个省略用法的句型，在口语中十分常见。完整的结构应该是 What will/would happen if.? 或What are you going to do if .? 可以翻译为如果.怎么
12、办？/要是.会怎么样呢？”，尤用于询问不希望看到的事发生时的结果。if 后面的句子可用陈述语气（通常用一般现在时）， 也可用虚拟语气（谓语用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”）。Whatifitrainstomorrow? 要是明天下雨怎么办？What ifsomebobyshould decideto break the rules? 如果有人决定打破这些规则怎么办？2.该句型还可以用于提出建议或邀请，可以翻译为“如果.怎么样？”What ifwe moved the sofa over there? Would that look better?要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样？看上去
13、会不会更好一些？用 What if.?句型翻译句子。1. 万一我生病不能去学校的话怎么办？2.如果李雷发现你把他的自行车弄丢了怎么办？3.你和我们一起吃午饭怎么样？【答案】1. What if I (should) fall sick and not be able to go to school?2. What ifLi Lei finds out/should find out that youvelost his bike?3. What ifyou join us for lunch?五、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。即从句谓语用“sh
14、ould+动词原形”，should 可以省略。2.常见的这类动词有：insist 坚持，坚决要求order/command命令suggest/advice/recommend/propose 建议require/request/demand要求desire期望He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时到那儿。The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
15、I suggested that he (should) go home at once.我建议他立刻回家。He ordered that the students (should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。3.特别注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.他的表情暗示出他对
16、我为他所做的事非常满意。He insisted that he was honest.他坚持认为自己是诚实的。【习题】1. The doctorrecommended that themedicine _ (take) three times a day.2. His silencesuggested thathe _ (agree) with my decision,so I suggested that he _( start) at once.3. Stuckin the heavy snow, my father insisted that we _( stay) where we were while hewent for help.4. The government requested that the building of the house_( complete) next month.5. Doctorsstrongly propose that nurses_ (present) the specific plans of lookingafter thenew babies to parents.【答案】1. be taken 2.agreed; start 3.stay 4.be completed 5.present4