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1、阅读理解C-高考真题全方位解析+二次开发 (学生版)2020新高考卷 In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the ti
2、me 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway (晃动). The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their
3、way back to land. A disaster was avoided. The story is one of stories in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean (赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes
4、the loss of the space shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger co
5、ntext in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all
6、anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them. “Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petroski writes. It
7、 is failure that brings improvement.28. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?A. It carried more weight than it could.B. It swayed violently in a strong wind.C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles.D. Its access was blocked by many people.29. Which of the following is Dr. Petro
8、skis idea according to paragraph 3?A. No design is well received everywhere.B. Construction is more important than design.C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design.D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.30. What does the last paragraph suggest?A. Failure can lead to progress.
9、B. Success results in overconfidence.C. Failure should be avoided.D. Success comes from joint efforts.31. What is the text?A. A news report.B. A short story.C. A book review.D. A research article.拓展练习一、词汇积累1.forgive 词性 _ 词义 _2.include 词性 _ 词义 _3.author 词性 _ 词义 _4.encounter 词性 _ 词义 _5.grasp 词性 _ 词义 _
10、6.failure 词性 _ 词义 _二、核心词汇（或短语）的同义替换1. traffic = _2. breakdown = _3. show up = _ 4. acknowledge = _5. engineer = _三、词形变化（派生词）1. disaster n. 灾难 _ adj. 灾难性的；极糟糕的；完全失败的2. failure n. 失败 _ vi. 失败；不及格 _adj. 失败的；不成功的 _ n. 弱点；缺点3. include vt. 包含；把列为一部分/算入 _ prep. 包括 _ n. 包含，包括 _ adj. 包括全部费用的；包容广阔的4. engineer
11、 n. 工程师 vt. 密谋策划；设计制造 _ n. 工程（学） _ n. 发动机；引擎5. consider vt. 考虑；思考 _ n. 仔细考虑；深思；斟酌 _ adj. 考虑周到的；体贴的 _ adj. 考虑到 _ adj. 相当多（或大、重要等）的四、一词多义（请根据句意猜测划线词的词义）carry 3 / 41. _ The news carried the accident. 2. _ The road bridge has to carry a lot of traffic.3. _ He was carrying a suitcase.4. _ Police in many
12、countries carry guns.a. 搬运；提；扛；抱b. 携带；佩戴c. 承载；支撑d. 刊登；登载；播出；报道authority 1 / 11. _ We acted under the authority of the UN. 2. _ Only the Board has the authority to approve the budget.3. _ She is an authority on criminal law.4. _ I have to report this to the authorities.a. 当局；官方；当权者b. 专家；泰斗；学士权威c. 批准；授权d. 权力五、作文素材积累It is failure that brings improvement.【赏析】1. It is + 被强调部分 + that + 其他.【译文】_【仿写】1. 正是努力和坚持决定成功。_ 4 / 4