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1、高中英语语法系列：名词性从句考点一：主语从句1. 主语从句的引导词连接词that，whether，if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom， which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some
2、 wont accept it.易错提示(1) that 引导主语从句时一般不省略。(2) 当主语从句位于句首时，常用 whether 引导，而不用 if。2. 形式主语it 作形式主语的常见句型： (1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain 等)that 从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder 等)that 从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported 等)that 从句 (4)It不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter 等)that 从句It is unce
3、rtain what side effect the medicine will bring about ， although about two thousand patients have taken it.It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.【随堂练习：语法填空】1.(2019长春月考)It remains to be seenthe newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.2.in our school brea
4、ks the rule will be punished.3.(2019安溪模拟)struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.4.(2019龙岩五校期中)Therefore, it is advisableyou should value and treat them with care.【参考答案】1.whether2.Whoever3.What4.that考点二：宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词连接词that，whether，if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what ， who， whom ，
5、which ，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want tosucceed.易错提示(1) that 引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：动词后跟有多个
6、that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可省略，其余的不可省略；宾语从句前有插入语时；that 引导的从句位于句首时。(2) 一般情况下介词后只能用 wh类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用 whether，不用 if。2. 形式宾语宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it 作形式宾语， 而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。(1)动词 find/feel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/从句(2)动词 hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoyit从句(3) 短语动词
7、 see to/ depend on/rely onit从句(4) 固定搭配 take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that从句No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩早餐前散步。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。3. 宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是
8、一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。【随堂练习：语法填空】1.(2019安溪模拟)Success partially depends onyou have the patience to do simple things perfectly.2.(2019泰安期中)Students can choosethey want to do and register online.3.(2019唐山联考)I asked himhis father had done so that he
9、became such a good person.单句改错4.(2019泰安期中)It all depends on if they will do their best. 5.(2019 湖北八校联考)During the break time, we argued about what club was the best. 【参考答案】1.Whether2.what/whatever3.what4.ifwhether5.whatwhich考点三：表语从句1. 表语从句的引导词连接词that，whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whi
10、chever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.易错提示if 不能引导表语从句；that 引导表语从句时不能省略。2. as if/as though 引导表语从句as if/as though 意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常
11、跟在系动词(如 seem，appear， look，taste，sound，feel，smell 等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况， 从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.3. 其他常考的表语从句(1)This/ That/ It is why表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because表语从句(表原因)“这/那是
12、因为” (3)The reason why.is that表语从句“的原因是”【随堂练习：语法填空】1.(2019 山西联考)What is even more important isthe earth cooled down, and water began to appear on its surface.2.(2019 山 东 师 大 附 中 二 模 )From space, the earth looks blue. This is about 71% of its surface is covered by water.单句改错3.(2019唐山联考)The reason why
13、he was late is because there was heavy traffic on the road. 【参考答案】1.That2.Because3.becausethat考点四：同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea， news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word 等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why 等。Th
14、e fact that you are wrong cant be changed by you or me.你错了这个事实是你我不能改变的。易错提示that 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that 引导定语从句时，that 既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语，that 还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which 替换。引导同位语从句时，that 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。【随堂练习：语法填空】1.(2018江西名校联盟检测)The notice came around two oclock in the afternoon thatthe meeti
15、ng would be put off.2.(2018山东师大附中二模)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.单句改错3.(2018 武汉调研)Last term, I couldnt accept the truth which I failed in my math examination.【参考答案】1.That2.that3.whichthat考点五：重点辨析1. that
16、和 what 的区别that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what 可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系代词”，即常说的“先行词that/which/who”。 Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will do what I can (do) to help him.2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个 be 动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。
17、试比较。The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句)The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)3. whether 与 if 引导的名词性从句(1) whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但 if 引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用 it 作形式主语。Whether it is true remains a question.It is un
18、known if he will attend the meeting.(2) whether 与 if 引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换，后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether，用于介词后引导宾语从句时也用 whether。We dont know whether or not she was ready.Im interested in whether youve finished the work.(3) whether 可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而 if 则不可以。The question is whether it is worth doing.The question
19、 whether the work was worth doing has not been decided.技法点拨名词性从句与语法填空名词性从句与短文改错1.首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充1.首先分析句子结构，分析从句在全句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从型；句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。2.判断从句中的连接词。(1) 若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用 whether/if； 若句意完整，则用 that。(2) 若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词。2.检查连接词之间是否误用。尤其注意容易
20、混淆的 that 与 what、that 与which、which 与what、if 与 whether； 3.检查连接词是否漏掉；4. 检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确；5. 检查主语从句与谓语动词的数是否一致；(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。 另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如whether，because，as if 等)的用法。6.检查作形式主语或形式宾语的it 是否缺失。【随堂练习】单句语法填空1. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “ThatsI was born.”2. It is difficult for us to
21、imaginelife was like for slaves in the ancient world. 3.As John Lennon once said, life ishappens to you while you are busy making other plans.4.A ship in harbor is safe, but thats notships are built for.5.I truly believebeauty comes from within.6.Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale Unive
22、rsity yesterday?Yeah, but I have no ideahe did it; thats one of his favorite universities. 7.It is often the caseanything is possible to those who hang on to hope.8. Some people believehas happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.9. You have to knowyoure going if you are
23、to plan the best way of getting there.10. The best moment for the football star washe scored the winning goal.综合语法填空One day in 1998, I went to visit my 90yearold grandma in a nursing home. She had lived there for 15 years. But it was becoming a little bit sad, partly because the place was full of pe
24、ople who 1.(be) at the last stage of their life. Whats 2. (bad), it was taking her longer and longer 3.(recognize) me.She was really excited that day because they were having a dance party. I was not a big fan of dancing, 4.I was a big fan of Grandma, so I accepted her 5.(invite). During the party,
25、an old lady 6.(sit) next to me chatted with me, saying how much she loved music and dancing. Not knowing 7.to say, I stood up and invited her for a dance.I danced with all the ladies, 8.(particular) with Grandma, which was awesome. However, I felt discomfort throughout 9.party. I didnt know the reas
26、on at that moment. But now, I realize it was my fear of watching Grandma grow older, my powerlessness to do anything about it and the thought of losing 10.(she) that made me uncomfortable.【参考答案】单句语法填空1.where2.what3.what4.What5.that6.why7.that 8.Whatever9.where10.when综合语法填空1.Were 2.Worse 3.to recognize4.but/yet5.Invitation6.sitting7.what 8.particularly9.the10.her