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1、1-12003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAssurance Services and theCPA ProfessionChapter 11-22003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 1Describe assurance servicesand distinguish audit servic
2、esfrom other assurance andnonassurance servicesprovided by CPAs.1-32003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAssurance ServicesAssurance services are professionalservices that improve the quality ofinformation for decision makers.Assurance services can bepe
3、rformed by CPAs or bya variety of other professionals.1-42003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAttestation Services1-52003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyOther Assurance ServicesMost other assurance servi
4、ces do not meet theformal definition of attestation services.The CPA must be independent.The CPA is not required to provide a written report.The CPA must provide assurance.1-62003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAssurance Services onInformation Technol
5、ogyThere is an increased demand for assuranceabout computer controls surroundinginformation transacted electronicallyand the security of the informationrelated to the transactions.assurance over Web site controls assurance about information system reliability1-72003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing
6、,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAssurance Services onInformation TechnologyWebTrust is an attestation service,and theWebTrust seal is a symbolic representationof the CPAs report on managementsassertions about its disclosure ofelectronic commerce practices.1-82003 Prentice Hall Busines
7、s Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAssurance Services onInformation Technology1-92003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAssurance Services onOther Types of Information1-102003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditi
8、ng 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAssurance,Attestation,and Nonassurance ServicesASSURANCE SERVICESOther Attestation Services(e.g.,WebTrust,SysTrust)Other Assurance Services(e.g.,CPA Performance View)CertainManagementConsultingATTESTATION SERVICESAuditsReviews1-112003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essen
9、tials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAssurance,Attestation,and Nonassurance ServicesNONASSURANCE SERVICESOther ManagementConsultingTaxServicesCertainManagementConsultingAccounting andBookkeeping1-122003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Obje
10、ctive 2Explain the causes ofinformation risk and theimportance of auditing inreducing this risk.1-132003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyEconomic Demandfor AuditingInformation risk reflects the possibility thatthe information upon which the businessris
11、k decision was made was inaccurate.Auditing can have a significant effecton information risk.1-142003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyCauses of Information Risk1-152003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyRed
12、ucing Information Risk1-162003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 3Describe auditingDescribe auditingand distinguish betweenand distinguish betweenauditing and accounting.auditing and accounting.1-172003 Prentice Hall Business Publishin
13、g,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/Beasley Nature of AuditingAuditing is the accumulation andevaluation of evidence aboutinformation to determine andreport on the degree ofcorrespondence between theinformation and established criteria.Auditing should be done by a competent,independent person.1
14、-182003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAccumulating andEvaluating EvidenceEvidence is any information used by the auditorto determine whether the information beingaudited is stated in accordance with theestablished criteria.1-192003 Prentice Hall Busi
15、ness Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyCompetent,Independent PersonThe auditor must be qualified to understand thecriteria used and must be competent to knowthe types and amount of evidence to accumulateto reach the proper conclusion after theevidence has been examined.The com
16、petence of the individual performing the audit is of little value if he or she is biased in the accumulation and evaluation of evidence.1-202003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyReporting1-212003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing
17、1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAudit of a Tax Return ExampleInternalrevenueagentExamines cancelledchecks and othersupporting recordsFederal taxreturns filedby taxpayerInternal RevenueCode and allinterpretationsReport on taxdeficienciesCompetent,independentpersonInformationEstablished criteriaDeterminescorre
18、spondenceAccumulates andevaluates evidenceReport on results1-222003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyDistinction BetweenAuditing and AccountingAccounting is the recording,classifying,and summarizing of economic eventsfor the purpose of providing financi
19、alinformation used in decision making.Auditing is determining whetherrecorded information properlyreflects the economic events thatoccurred during the accounting period.1-232003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 4Differentiate the thre
20、eDifferentiate the threemain types of audits.main types of audits.1-242003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyTypes of AuditsFinancial Statement AuditOperational AuditCompliance AuditEfficiencyEffectiveness1-252003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essent
21、ials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyOperational AuditExampleEvaluate computerized payroll systemfor efficiency and effectivenessInformationNumber of records processed,cost ofthe department,and number of errorsEstablishedCriteriaCompany standards for efficiency andeffectiveness in payroll departm
22、entAvailableEvidenceError reports,payroll records,andpayroll processing costs1-262003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyCompliance AuditExampleDetermine whether bank requirementsfor loan continuation have been metInformationCompany recordsEstablishedCrit
23、eriaLoan agreement provisionsAvailableEvidenceFinancial statements andcalculations by the auditor1-272003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyFinancial Statement AuditExampleAnnual audit of Boeingsfinancial statementsInformationBoeings financialstatementsE
24、stablishedCriteriaGenerally accepted accountingprinciplesAvailableEvidenceDocuments,records,and outsidesources of evidence1-282003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 5Identify the primaryIdentify the primarytypes of auditors.types of au
25、ditors.1-292003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyTypes of Auditors1-302003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 6Discuss how e-commerceDiscuss how e-commerceand the Internet affectand the Int
26、ernet affectCPA firm operations.CPA firm operations.1-312003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyE-Commerce and CPA Firm OperationsCPA firms are using the Internetto market their services.They also use the Internet to connecttheir global professional staff
27、.1-322003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 7Describe the requirementsDescribe the requirementsfor becoming a CPA.for becoming a CPA.1-332003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyThree Require
28、mentsfor Becoming a CPA1-342003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 8Describe the AICPA andDescribe the AICPA andits role in setting standards.its role in setting standards.1-352003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditin
29、g 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyAICPA1-362003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyVision for the FutureThe AICPA has established the CPA Vision Projectto provide a core purpose and a vision for the CPAprofession in the year 2011 and beyond.The core purpose of the
30、 CPA Vision Project is“CPAsmaking sense of a changingand complex world.”1-372003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyVision for the FutureThe future success of the CPA professionrelies a great deal on public perceptionsof CPAs abilities and roles.CPAs must
31、 become market driven andnot dependent on regulations to keepthem in business.The market demands less audit andaccounting and more value-addingconsulting services.1-382003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyVision for the FutureSpecialization is critical
32、for the future of the CPA profession.The market demands that CPAs be conversant in global businesspractices and strategies.1-392003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyThe AICPA is empowered to set standards(guidelines)and rules that all members andother p
33、racticing CPAs must follow.The requirements are set bycommittees made up of AICPA members.Establishing Standardsand Rules1-402003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyEstablishing Standardsand Rules1.Auditing Standards2.Compilation and Review Standards3.Oth
34、er Attestation Standards4.Code of Professional Conduct1-412003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 9Use generally acceptedUse generally acceptedauditing standards as aauditing standards as abasis for further study.basis for further study
35、.1-422003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/Beasley1.The audit is to be performed by a person orpersons having adequate technical trainingand proficiency as an auditor.2.In all matters relating to the assignment,an independence in mental attitude is tobemaintai
36、ned by the auditor or auditors.General Standards3.Due professional care is to be exercised inthe planning and performance of the auditand the preparation of the report.1-432003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/Beasley1.The work is to be adequately planned anda
37、ssistants,if any,are to be properlysupervised.2.A sufficient understanding of internalcontrol is to be obtained to plan the auditand to determine the nature,timing,andextent of tests to be performed.Standards of Field Work1-442003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/El
38、der/BeasleyStandards of Field Work3.Sufficient competent evidential matter is tobe obtained through inspection,observation,inquiries,and confirmations to afford areasonable basis for an opinion regardingthe financial statements under audit.1-452003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Aud
39、iting 1/e,Arens/Elder/Beasley1.The report shall state whether the financialstatements are presented in accordance withgenerally accepted accounting principles.2.The report shall identify those circumstancesin which such principles have not beenconsistently observed in the current periodin relation t
40、o the preceding period.Standards of Reporting1-462003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/Beasley3.Informative disclosures in the financialstatements are to be regarded as reasonablyadequate unless otherwise stated in the report.4.The report shall contain an expr
41、ession ofopinion regarding the financial statements,taken as a whole.Standards of Reporting1-472003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleySummary ofGeneral StandardsGenerally Accepted Auditing StandardsGeneral1.Adequate training and proficiency2.Independence
42、 in mental attitude3.Due professional careField Work1.Proper planning and supervision2.Internal control understanding3.Sufficient competent evidenceReporting1.Statements prepared in accordance with GAAP2.Circumstances when GAAP not followed3.Adequacy of disclosures4.Expression of opinion on financia
43、l statements1-482003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 10Identify quality controlIdentify quality controlstandards and practicesstandards and practiceswithin the accountingwithin the accountingprofession.profession.1-492003 Prentice Ha
44、ll Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyElements of Quality ControlIndependence,integrity,and objectivityPersonnel managementAcceptance and continuation of clientsand engagementsEngagement performanceMonitoring1-502003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Audi
45、ting 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyRelationshipsQuality controlstandardsGenerally acceptedauditing standardsDivision ofCPA firmsPeerreview1-512003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 11Summarize the role of theSummarize the role of theSecuritie
46、s and ExchangeSecurities and ExchangeCommission in accountingCommission in accountingand auditing.and auditing.1-522003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleySecurities and Exchange Commission1-532003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing
47、1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyCPAs Encouraged to ConductThemselves at a High LevelCPAexaminationGAAS andinterpretationsConduct of CPA firm personnelContinuing educationrequirements1-542003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyCPAs Encouraged to ConductThemselves a
48、t a High LevelConduct of CPA firm personnelSECPeerreviewQuality control1-552003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyCPAs Encouraged to ConductThemselves at a High LevelConduct of CPA firm personnelLegalliabilityDivision ofCPA firmsCode of ProfessionalConduct1-562003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/BeasleyEnd of Chapter 11-572003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Essentials of Auditing 1/e,Arens/Elder/Beasley演讲完毕，谢谢观看！