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1、M2.1IPC-A-610DIP“电子组件可接受性标准”授证的授证的IPC培训员培训员CIT培训认证课程第2节节:前言、适用文件前言、适用文件&操作操作 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IP
2、C CertificationM2.2本节概要n范围n目的n特殊设计n术语和定义 n图例与插图n检查方法n尺寸的界定n放大装置和照明n适用文件nIPC文件n电子组件的操作 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOf
3、ficial IPC CertificationM2.3本节目标n通过本节学习，使学员全面了解认识 IPC-A-610D 文件、术语、定义及操作规程 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC
4、CertificationM2.41.1 范围n外观质量可接受性要求n表述了制造电气与电子组件的可接受性要求n以英文版本为准 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC Certificatio
5、nM2.51.1范围标准n无意定义制造工艺或返工/修理的依据或改变用户的产品 nIPC-A-610包括J-STD-001所定义之外的一些标准 n相关文件概要见表1 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOffici
6、al IPC CertificationM2.61.1范围 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.71.2 目的n610D 目检标准体现了IPC 现行标准和
7、其他规范要求n组件或产品应该符合现行IPC 标准n如果组件不符合这些文件或其等效要求时n可接受条件需由客户和供应商进行确定n文字说明优先于图片文字说明优先于图片 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficia
8、l IPC CertificationM2.81.3 特殊设计 nIPC-A-610 无法囊括所有元器件和产品设计的各种组合n当采用非通用或特殊技术时n可能须要制订专门的验收规范n相似特征n本文件可以作为产品可接受条件指引n特殊验收条件的开发须有客户的参与和认可n3级产品验收条件必须得到客户的同意级产品验收条件必须得到客户的同意n标准应该包括对产品可接受条件的定义n应该将开发的验收标准提交IPC技术委员会以考虑纳入新版本 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved
9、.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.91.4 术语和定义n注“*”的术语引自IPC-T-50“电子电路互连与封装的术语和定义”n1.4.1 分级n用户对组件使用哪级条件验收负有最终责任n须要给检查员提供说明产品适用等级的文件n接受和/或拒收的判定必须以相适应的文件为依据，如:n合同、图纸、技术规范、标准和参考文件 2005,I
10、PC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.101.4.1 分级n1级:通用类电子产品n2级:专用服务类电子产品n3级:高性能类电子产品 2005,IPC,Bannockbu
11、rn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.111.4.2 验收标准n引用IPC-A-610或经由合同指定作为验收文件时，则J-STD-001，即“电气与电子组件的焊接要求”文件不适用，除非另有单独
12、和具体的要求n发生冲突时，按下列优先次序执行:n用户与制造商协定并成文的采购合同n总图或总装配图nIPC-A-610D,如果被引用n其他文件 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC Cert
13、ificationM2.121.4.2 验收标准n用户有义务确定验收标准n如果没有规定据体要求如果没有规定据体要求，则使用最优制造工艺则使用最优制造工艺n引用 IPC J-STD-001和IPC-A-610或其它相关文件 n必须在采购文件中明确优先顺序n四级验收条件：n目标条件n可接受条件n缺陷条件n过程警示条件n本文件要求适用于实心硬导线/元器件引脚或多股导线 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training
14、Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.131.4.2 验收标准n1.4.2.1 目标条件目标条件n指近乎完美或称之为“优选”n希望达到但不是总能实现n对于保证可靠性并非必要n1.4.2.2可接受条件可接受条件n保持组件在运行过程中的完整性和可靠性 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All
15、 rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.141.4.2.3 缺陷条件n1.4.2.3缺陷条件缺陷条件n不能保证组件的形状、安装或功能上的要求n需要处置n处置可以是返工、维修、报废或“照样使用”n维修或“照样使用”须取得用户的认可 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights
16、reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.151.4.2.4 过程警示条件n指存在一些不符合要求的特征但并不影响产品的形状、安装和功能n由材料、设计、操作或设备等原因引起 n应作为过程控制系统的监控对象 2005,IPC,Bann
17、ockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.161.4.2.4过程警示条件(续)n单一原因的过程警示项目不需要处置n受影响的产品可“照样使用”n过程控制方法常常被应用于制造工艺的计划、实施
18、及评估中n制造商须要保留现行工艺控制和持续改进计划的客观证据以供审查 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.171.4.2.5 综合情况综合情况n必须考虑累
19、积情况n制造商n应该警惕综合和累积情况以及其影响产品性能的可能性n可接受性条件是个别定义的，单一性考虑其对产品可靠运行的影响而制定n在一些关联条件会叠加的场合，对产品性能的累积影响可能是巨大的n制造商有责任鉴别这些情况 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Offi
20、cial IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.181.4.2.6 未涉及的情况n未明确规定的情况作为缺陷条件或过程未明确规定的情况作为缺陷条件或过程警示条件警示条件 n也可作为可接受除条件，除非可以认定会影响用户规定的形状、安装和功能 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in I
21、PC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.191.4.3 板面方向n1.4.3.1*主面n通常为最复杂或元器件最多的一面n1.4.3.2*辅面n与主面相对的面n1.4.3.3 焊料起始面n施加焊料的面n1.4.3.4 焊料终止面n指印制电路板焊锡流向的面 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IP
22、C Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.201.4.4*冷焊连接n一种呈现出很差的润湿性和表面出现灰暗色、疏松的焊点n其原因:n焊料中杂质过多n焊前清洁度差n焊接过程中的加热不足 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use
23、 only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.211.4.5 电气间隙n未绝缘的非共接导体间的最小间距n绝缘材料须要提供足够的电气隔离n不知道所用的设计标准时使用附录An任何违反最小电气间隙的情况均视为缺陷任何违反最小电气间隙的情况均视为缺陷（作了归纳性的叙述）（作了归纳性的叙述）2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights r
24、eserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.22通用术语和定义n1.4.6 高压n具体数值因设计和应用而异n本文件中的高压标准仅当如此要求时适用n1.4.7 侵入焊（通孔回流）n这种工艺使用膜板或注射器将焊膏分配到安装通孔元件的地方，
25、在回流焊过程中与其他表面安装元件一起焊接n1.4.8*浸析n在焊接过程中基底金属或涂覆层的损失或被除去n1.4.9 弯月形涂层（元件）n引线上的密封剂或塑封体涂层从元件体密封面突出的部分n1.4.10 针插焊膏n见侵入焊n1.4.11 线径n指导体加绝缘皮的总直径 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training P
26、rograms leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.231.5 图例与插图n为表述分级依据，本文引用的大部分图例(插图)都做了一定程度的夸张n1级缺陷自动成为2、3级缺陷 n2级缺陷自动成为3级缺陷 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in
27、 IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.241.6 检查方法n接收和/或拒收的判定是依据相关的适用文件n合同n图纸n技术规范n参考文件n检验员不可自行选择组件验收等级n自动检测技术(AIT)是替代目视检查的有效方法之一，也是自动检测设备的补充手段n如果用户期望采用对验收频率有规定的行业标准和规范时n推荐使用J-STD-001文件 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,
28、IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.251.7 尺寸界定nIPC-A-610D 中，除用于仲裁目的，不需要对检查项目进行测量n尺寸 n用国际单位（SI）表示，同时在括号里标注相应的英制尺寸 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.200
29、5,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.261.8 放大装置和照明n放大装置的公差是所选用放大倍数的 15%n放大装置n须与被测物体相匹配n照明必须足以看清被测物体n表1-2和表1-3的放大倍数是由被测物体尺寸决定的n只有在确认拒收条件时，才使用仲裁放
30、大倍数n组件上各元器件焊盘宽度大小不一致时，可选用较大倍数的放大装置检测 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.27表 1-2 检测放大倍数（焊盘宽度）20
31、05,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.28表 1-3 其它放大装置的应用 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved
32、.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.292适用文件n与电子组件可接受条件相关连的文件：nIPC文件 n联合工业文件nEOS/ESD 协会文件n电子工业联合会文件n国际电工委员会文件（IEC)2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL A
33、ll rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.303.1 EOS/ESD 防护n静电释放(ESD)n静电源产生的电位差使电荷从一个物体快速传向另一个物体的现象n电气过载(EOS)n内在原因产生的电能意外施加而导致元
34、件损伤n静电敏感元件(ESDS)n容易受高电能放电影响的元件 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.313.1 EOS/ESD防护n不正确的操作和处理nES
35、DS 元件失效n可分为即时或延时两种n对ESDS 元件进行保护性电路设计和包装是很重要的 n 更多资料：nIPC J-STD-001,ANSI/ESD-S-20.20 和其他相关文件 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certifica
36、tionOfficial IPC CertificationM2.323.1.1 EOS/ESD防护 电气过载(EOS)n电气元件损害n来源于意外电能(如:电脉冲)n某些器件较其它器件更为敏感易遭损害n敏感度高低是由设计时确定的n时刻关注组件中最敏感元件的敏感度 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Pr
37、ograms leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.333.1.1 EOS/ESD防护 电气过载(EOS)n电气元件损伤(续)n工具和设备须经过测试 n小于0.5伏的电压和尖峰是可接受的n烙铁、吸锡器、测试仪器和其它设备n不能产生大于0.3伏的尖峰电压 nESD 指标n定期测试可能提供保障n对设备进行维护保养是必要的nEOS损伤其本质与ESD损伤相似 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All righ
38、ts reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.343.1.2 EOS/ESD防护静电释放(ESD)n预防静电的产生和消除产生的静电相结合n是由静电积聚而成的电能所导致n静电的强度取决于静电源的特性n产生静电能需要物体的相对运动 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.
39、2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.353.1.2 EOS/ESD防护静电释放(ESD)2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All right
40、s reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.363.1.2 EOS/ESD防护静电释放(ESD)2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Tr
41、aining Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.373.1.3 EOS/ESD 防护 警告标识取消了另外2个不常用符号 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading
42、 to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.383.1.4 EOS/ESD 防护 防护材料n保护远离静电源n传导性的屏蔽盒、袋或包装n三种类型的防护包装材料：n静电屏蔽材料：可阻止ESD穿透包装n抗静电材料：低充电性可用作包装的中间填充材料n静电消散材料：允许电荷通过其表面消散n包装颜色：不要被误导n注意：只选用不会污染组件的包装和操作材料 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserve
43、d.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.393.2 EOS/ESD 防静电工作台/EPA 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All righ
44、ts reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.403.2 EOS/ESD防静电工作台/EPAn保持工作区域无静电源材料n定期检查工作台是否符合ESD 防护要求n定期检查工具和设备是否符合ESD 防护要求n推荐使用接地保护器 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.20
45、05,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.413.3.1 操作注意事项-准则n表 3-4 电子组件操作推荐准则n保持工作台干净整洁n尽可能减少对组件的操作次数n使用清洁手套n不用裸露的手触摸可焊表面 n不使用含硅树脂的护肤霜或洗手液 2005,IPC,
46、Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.423.3.1操作注意事项-准则n表 3-4 电子组件操作推荐准则n决不可堆放电子组件n即使没有粘贴ESDS标志，也总是假设它们是ESD
47、S部件n遵循适当的ESD惯例和程序n除非有合适的防护包装，否则决不能运送ESDS设备 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.433.3.2操作注意事项机械损
48、伤n不正确的操作n导致元件和组件的损坏n如：破裂、碎裂或断裂的元件和连接器n折弯或断裂的接线端子n严重划伤的印制板面和焊盘表面n可导致整个组件及其连接的元件报废 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficia
49、l IPC CertificationM2.443.3.3操作注意事项污染n污染的产生n源于疏忽或不良的操作行为n典型的污染n人体盐分和油脂及未经认可的手霜是典型的污染源n会降低可焊性、加重腐蚀及枝晶生长n还会导致其后涂覆和包封的粘附性问题n常规的清洁方法无法去除所有的污染n最好的预防措施：勤洗手，只接触板的边缘部分 n戴手套和指套n可能产生虚假的防护感觉n应该经常丢弃并更换手套或指套n慎重选择和正确使用 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.2005,IPC,Bannockburn,IL All rights reserved.For use
50、 only in IPC Training Programs leading to For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC CertificationOfficial IPC CertificationM2.453.3.4操作注意事项 电子组件n组件上没有ESDS 标志n仍应视作ESDS 组件处理n元件和组件需要有适当的标志用于识别n敏感组件的标志n通常标在连接器的边缘上n为了防止ESD 和 EOS 产生的损害n所有操作、拆封、组装和测试都必须在静电防护工作台上进行 2005,IPC,Bannockburn,I