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1、 UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT(主题语境：人与社会取得伟大成就的人物)课前自主预习.单词巧练写准并记牢高考与教材分类识记课标词汇(一)重点词汇我会写1. crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的2. vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的3. obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行4. defeat n失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜5. insist vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求6. mostly adv.主要地；一般地7. circumstance nusually pl. 条件；环境；状况8. flow n
2、流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动9. chart n图表vt.记录；制订计划10. infer vt.推断；推定11. theory n理论；学说12. patent n专利；专利证书；获得专利adj.有专利的；受专利保护的13. device n方法；技巧；装置；仪器14. sum vi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和15. draft n草稿；草案vt.起草；草拟(二)阅读词汇我会认1physiology n. 生理学；生理机能 2botanical adj. 植物学的 3property n. 性质；特征；财产 4substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据 5flee vi.
3、& vt.(fled，fled) 迅速离开；逃跑 6numerous adj. 众多的；许多的 7relativity n. 相对论；相对性 8genius n. 天才；天资；天赋 9passion n. 酷爱；激情 10extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 11moustache n. 上唇的胡子；髭 12encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 (三)拓展词汇我会变1commit vt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n奉献；承诺，保证2aca
4、demy n(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 academic adj.学业的；学术的3objective n目标；目的adj.客观的 subjective adj.主观的4evaluate vt.评价；评估 evaluation n评价；评估5.distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 distinction n区别，差别；特点，特性6boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点 boiling adj.达到沸点的；沸腾的7liquid n液体adj.液体的；液态的 solid n固体adj.牢固的；可靠的8acknowledge vt.承认(属实、
5、权威等)；(公开)感谢 acknowledgement n承认；鸣谢9analyse vt.分析 analysis n分析 analyses npl.分析10apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 apparent adj.显然的；表面上的11scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的 scientist n科学家 science n科学12conclusion n结论；推论 conclude vt.推断出，断定；终止，结束13novelist n小说家 novel n(长篇)小说14found vt.创建；建立；把建立在 founder n创建者，创立者 founda
6、tion n地基；基础； 基本原理；根据15politician n从政者；政治家；政客 politics n政治 political adj.政治的16gentle adj.温柔的；文静的 gently adv.温柔地；文静地17gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的18institution n社会公共机构；制度；习俗 institute n(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑19consequence n结果；后果 consequent adj.作为结果的 consequently adv.所以；因此20professor n教授 professio
7、n n职业21remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 remark vt.评论1.(2021全国新高考I卷) In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.2(2020全国卷I)“This real
8、ly excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain (obtain) information about how the moon is constructed.”3(2020全国卷I)The kids apparently know the truth.But our insisting (insist) its merely a window has kept them from attempt
9、ing millions of requests to open the door.4(2020天津卷)What could be inferred (infer) from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?5(2020江苏卷)Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly
10、 on fat for fuel.6(2020天津卷)Sound can be used as a weapon.Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries to escape.And the officer cant let him get away.He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.The thief drops to the ground.This new weapon is calle
11、d a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器)7(2021全国新高考I卷) “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand，” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”8(2020江苏卷)Being good at someth
12、ing and having a passion for it are not enough.Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.9.(20213月天津卷) Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment (commit) to a particular occupation, branch of study or research.10(2020山东卷)
13、Through it all, she remained in good academic (academy) standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.11(2019全国卷II)First, you need to evaluate (evaluate) yourself, your values，your strengths, y
14、our weaknesses，your achievements, your desires，etc.12(2019全国卷II)Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged (acknowledge) after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.13(2020浙江卷)I couldnt see Don, but as I approached the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparent
15、ly (apparent) unhurt , and dashed back to me.14(2020全国卷I)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific (science) research.15(2020全国卷II)As a novelist (novel), Ive found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant
16、 afford to purchase a book.16(2021浙江卷) He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable (remark)life.17(2021全国新高考I卷) The alarm rang at 6 am. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil (boil) the porridge first.联想积累：1inter-开头高频词inter
17、view 面试；面谈interact 互相作用international 国际的interval 间隔；间歇interpret 解释；说明interrupt 打断(某人的)讲话2“重要的”形容词有很多important 重要的significant 重要的key 关键的vital 至关重要的essential 基本的；必要的fundamental 必不可少的3以-ist 为后缀的高频名词全接触specialist 专家journalist 记者psychologist 心理学家economist 经济学家agriculturist 农学家biologist 生物学家futurologist 未
18、来学家zoologist 动物学家.短语巧练写准并记牢高考与教材1. commit oneself to sth./doing sth./do sth. 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2. insist on 坚决要求3. with the objective of 以为目的4. get stuck 卡住；陷入5. other than 除之外6. relate to 与有联系7. change ones mind 改变主意8. under construction 正在建设中9. on the tip of ones tongue 话在嘴边，差一点儿就说出口10. get it 懂了
19、，明白了11. serve as 充当，担任12. come to power (开始)掌权；上台13. take up a position 担任；任职14. be mistaken for 被误认为 15. pass away 去世 16. sum up 总结；概括17. put forward 提出1.(2020全国卷III)But she insists on us eating healthy food.Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with apprecia
20、tion.2(2020浙江卷)Why is Jack leaving early?To avoid getting stuck in traffic.3(2021全国乙卷) People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”， youll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you
21、re talking to.4(2021全国甲卷)Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs.联想积累：1“总之，总结”荟萃in a word 总之all in all 总之in conclusion 总之in short/brief 总之；简言之to sum up 总结；概括2“承诺；保证”一家亲commit oneself to domake a promiseundertakeguaranteeensure3
22、“坚持”短语面面观hold on 坚持；忍受(不及物)stick to 坚持；粘住(及物)insist on 坚持；坚决要求(及物)persist in 坚持；固执于(及物)go/keep on 坚持；继续下去(及物).经典句型写准并记牢高考与教材1.sb.is thought to do sth.某人被认为Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键部分，人们
23、认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。(P2)2过去分词作定语In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾的新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。(P2)3upon/on doing.当时；一就Upon hearing that
24、she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said.当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说(P3)1.(2020全国卷III)据说，2534岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。It is said that about 20% of 2534-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain
25、 is thought to be about 1.8 million.2(20213月天津卷)该项目还减少了用于医学成像程序的药品数量。The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging (医学影像) procedures.3(2020全国卷II)一到达，我们就看到熟透了的红桃子挂在树上。我们先用篮子和梯子挑选颜色最漂亮的，然后再挑选成熟的、软的。 On arriving ， we saw red ripe peaches hanging on
26、the tree.Using baskets and ladders, we first picked the ones that were most beautiful in color, then those that were ripe and soft.课堂考点突破重点词汇精讲1vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的教材原句Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alo
27、ne. (P2)青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，被认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。词块必记be vital to/for. 对极其重要It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要Its vital that. 极为重要(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即 should do, should 可以省略)即学即用单句语法填空Enough sleep is vital for/to the students well-being and health.As far as Im concerned, it is vital to keep (keep) accurate reco
28、rds.一句多译(2018全国卷书面表达)此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。 Besides, its vital that you should mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party.(it作形式主语)In addition, whats vital is that you (should) mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party.(主语从句)2commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)v
29、i.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)教材原句Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.(P2)屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。词块必记(1)commit oneself to (doing)sth. 承诺(做)某事commit a crime/a mistak
30、e 犯罪/犯错误commit.to.投入于(2)committed adj.尽心尽力的，坚定的；坚信的be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事(3)commitment n投入；奉献；承诺；保证make a commitment to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事即学即用单句语法填空Zhong Nanshan, a committed scientist, committed himself to preventing COVID19. His commitment was praised by people.(commit)We made a com
31、mitment (commit) to keep working together.一句多译钟南山致力于医学研究，被授予“共和国勋章”。Zhong Nanshan was committed to doing medical research, and he was awarded the Medal of the Republic. Committed to doing medical research, Zhong Nanshan was awarded the Medal of the Republic.3acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢教材原句Howev
32、er，Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.(P2)然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。词块必记(1)acknowledge(doing/having done) sth.承认(做了)某事acknowledge sb./sth. to be/as承认某人/某物是acknowledge that.承认Its generally/universally acknowledged that.大家公认(2)acknowledgement n承认；感谢；谢礼即学即用单句语法填空She is acknowledged to be (be) one of the best si
33、ngers in the world. With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen (steal) the ladys purse.I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement (acknowledge) of my contribution.句型转换People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. It is widely ac
34、knowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.4insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求教材原句Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(P3)屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。词块必记insist on 坚决要求insist on (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事ins
35、ist on sb./ones doing sth.坚持某人做某事insist(坚持说/认为) that.，从句用陈述语气。insist(坚决要求/主张)that sb.(should) do.，从句用虚拟语气。即学即用单句语法填空Her mother finally allowed her to go，insisting on her keeping (keep) close to the house and not riding too far.The old man insisted that he was (be) ill and (should) be sent (send) to
36、hospital.完成句子(2019天津卷)你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的事情。You should respect the views of others，and at the same time insist on what you think is right.5conclusion n结论；推论教材原句Did you come to any conclusions? (P4)你得出任何结论了吗？词块必记(1)draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之(2)conclude vt.&.vi. 结束；推断出；达成；缔结conclude 从中
37、推断出conclude sth. 以结束即学即用单句语法填空The famous scientist concluded from his research that this virus was sensitive to heat. His conclusion caused a heated discussion. (conclude)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.Each chapter concludes with/by a short summary.完成句子最后，我要
38、感谢你们为我所做的一切。 In conclusion ，Id like to thank you for all you have donefor me.一句多译科学家们已经得出结论：地球上的温度正在变得越来越高。Scientists have concluded that the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher.(conclude)Scientists have come to the conclusion that the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher.
39、(conclusion)6circumstance n条件；环境；状况教材原句There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.(P5)我们帮不了琳达，她的处境是我们无法控制的。词块必记in/under no circumstances决不in/under the circumstances在这种情况下in/under any circumstance在任何情况下名师点津in/under no circumstances这种表示否定意义的短语用于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。即学即
40、用完成句子旧的规则之所以需要修改，是因为它仅适用于一百年前存在的情形。The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.我原计划第二天离开的，但在这样的情况下，我决定再住一夜。I planned to leave the next day but under/in the circumstances I decided to stay another night.我知道我在任何情况
41、下都能信任她。I know I can trust her in/under any circumstance .7consequence n结果；后果教材原句As a consequence，he had to flee Germany.(P8)因此，他不得不逃离德国。词块必记(1)in consequence/as a consequenceas a result因此；结果in consequence of/as a consequence ofas a result of由于原因(2)consequent adj.随之发生的consequently adv.所以；因而即学即用单句语法填空
42、She was a bright and eager student and, consequently (consequence), did well in school.The warming of the earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.(2020全国卷)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences (consequence)句式升级The farm was flooded,
43、and as a result，most of the harvest was lost.The farm was flooded, and as a consequence ，most of the harvest was lost.The farm was flooded, and consequently/therefore most of the harvest was lost.8take up a position 担任；任职教材原句After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher
44、 at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. (P8)在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。词块必记take apart 拆开take down 往下拽；记下；拆除take in 欺骗；吸入；理解；收留take off(飞机)起飞；(事业)成功；脱下(衣服)take on呈现；雇用；承担take over 接管；接替take up 开始从事；继续；占据即学即用用适当的介词或副词填空You have to take down the points in class to go over after class.We eventually took off at 11 oclock and arrived in Venice at 130 pm.Thanks to the reform and opening-up policy, China has taken on a new look.The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.He will take over my job while I am on holiday.Many young men want to take