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1、第二讲名、形、副三管齐下巧化词性转换词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。如何判断是否考查词形转换解题攻略第一步：确定是否考查词形转换：提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词：根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词
2、或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。典例印证典例2021全国卷乙It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _ (deve
3、lop) of the local areas.分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。自主解答：_ 技法1明确提示词为动词的2种词性转换提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换， 讲动词转换为名词或形容词， 根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析。典例导引1.2021潍坊市高考模拟They use kite photography, geophys
4、ical surveys and seismometers (地震仪) to make learning _ (excite).22021陕西省模拟一Antonio Morgan says that Robinson drove past him fast and just moments later he heard a _ (frighten) crash.32021福建省莆田市高三5月模拟Chinese weddings are as much about the happy couple as they are about their respective families. The
5、weddings are _ (impress) affairs that focus on blessings of happiness.42021南昌市二模It was considered safe and _ (use) eight months later.52021襄阳五中高三5月冲刺Come to Zhangjiajie to enjoy its _ (amaze) natural scenery and breathtaking Avatar Hallelujah Mountain if you are a fan of Avatar movie！62021银川市考前适应性训练
6、一“The new robotic arms cost no more than 1，000 yuan，” said Chen Xiaoping, _ (direct) of the Robotics Laboratory at USTC, adding that this gives them an advantage for much wider application.72021湖南长郡中学二模Chinese people are proud of their food. However, when foreigners like Britons think of Chinese foo
7、d, their _ (impress) of it is different to what you might think.82021山东省泰安市模拟In the eyes of the Yi people, fire is the symbol of light, which is believed to have the ability to drive away insects and pests and protect the _ (grow) of crops.92021南昌二中、河南省实验中学5月联考This _ (achieve) marks that China has r
8、eached the first great breakthrough on the path to full-scale quantum computinga quantum computational advantage, also known as “quantum supremacy”快捷思维1.动词转换为形容词：-able结尾的形容词acceptacceptable可接受的adaptadaptable 能适应的admireadmirable 可钦佩的adjustadjustable 可调节的affordaffordable 负担的起的v.ed/ing转换为形容词confuseconf
9、used 感到困惑的worryworried 担心的exciteexciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的v.词缀ive转化为形容词attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人印象深刻的instructinstructive 有教育意义的v.词缀-ful/less转换为形容词cheercheerful兴高采烈的doubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的thankthankful 感激的2动词转换为名词v.-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”celebratecelebration n庆祝
10、competecompetition n比赛pollutepollution n污染educate education n教育v.-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”achieveachievement n成就announceannouncement n宣布argueargument n争论， 论据developdevelopment n发展v.-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”performperformer n表演者settlesettler n移民者educateeducator n教育家directdirector n导演技法2提示词为名词的词形变化典例导引1.2021新高考
11、全国卷The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _ (human) are.22021太原高三押宝题But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide peoples lives through special foods, cultural _ (ceremony), gardening and even healthy living tips that correspond with each so
12、lar term.32021厦门外国语学校适应性考试About a few _ (month) ago, a photographer went to take pictures in Litang, a remote place in Sichuan Province, and he accidentally shot a video of Dingzhen.42021邯郸市三模Wild _ (animal) such as black bears and squirrels like to store their pine nuts in different places as they
13、prepare for the winter.5.2021全国乙卷Provide _ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.62020新高考全国卷In the 18th and 19th centuries, _ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.72020新高考全国卷Judges will choose up to 50 _ (honor) mention winners, who will ea
14、ch receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.82021安徽师大附中5月卷But are people right to be worried about the _ (environment) and health effects of releasing such a large amount of contaminated water？9.2018全国卷To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your le
15、g muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.102021渭南市质量检测Thanks to a growing network of reserves and community protection actions, pandas are no longer _ (danger), but the biggest hope for their long-term survival is the Giant Panda National Park which will be open in the coming months.11
16、.2021浙江卷1月It is calculated by dividing a _ (person) weight in kg by their height in metres squared, and a BIM of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.122021赣州市高三年级摸底Meanwhile, universities managed to meet the _ (student)study and leisure needs.快捷思维1.名词的单复数：若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数
17、。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。2.名词转换成形容词提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀n.-ableadj. honorhonorablen.-aladj. naturenaturaln.-fuladj. colourcolourfuln.-enadj. woodwoodenn.-yadj. wealthwealthy
18、3.名词转换成动词提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀加前缀en-： courageencourage vt.鼓励danger endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险加后缀-en: strengthstrengthen vt.加强加后缀-ize: apology apologize v道歉4.填名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-s。以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s或-es。【技法点金】牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s: bookbo
19、oks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls。(2)以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es: glassglasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, brushbrushes。(3)以辅音字母-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es: citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories。(4)以-o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s: radioradios, zoozoos, pianopianos, kilokilos, photophotos；加-es的有：her
20、oheroes, NegroNegroes, tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes。(5)以-f，-fe结尾的名词少数直接加-s: roofroofs, beliefbeliefs。一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词，要变f或fe为v再加-es: selfselves, lifelives, thiefthieves, wifewives, knifeknives, leafleaves, shelfshelves, wolfwolves, halfhalves。温馨提示：注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如childchildren，manmen，womanwomen，toot
21、hteeth，footfeet等。技法3提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换3种情况典例导引1.2021浙江卷1月But 30 years later, the BMI differences between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed _ (sharp).22021安庆市二模In the study, GBS was used to provide a _ (high) efficient way of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving som
22、e tasks.32020新高考全国卷Historical _ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.42020全国卷Filled with _ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.5.2021云南省第一次统一检测“Our task is to organize the Olympic Games and not to cancel the Olympic Games，” he said, adding that the IOC is working day and night
23、to host a safe event. But its still _ (clear) how this will happen, with coronavirus cases increasing around the world.6.2021浙江卷1月This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including _ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer spo
24、rts facilities.72020浙江1月The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _ (old) than before.82021贵州省适应性测试Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost
25、60 years. This lifelong devotion has made him one of the _ (great) Peking Opera artists of all time.92021厦门市第三次质量检测The more steps people walked, the _ (low) their risk of dying was, before leveling off at around 7，500 steps per day.快捷思维1.形容词、副词的词性转换分析句子结构， 发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时， 应考虑用派生的副词或名词。若空格处作定语、表语则
26、应考虑填形容词形式。若空格处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑填副词形式。若空格处在介词后，应考虑名词作宾语。2.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。设空前有one of the
27、，the序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the比较级 .the比较级 .”表示“越就越”。(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。【技法点金】形容词变副词的特殊规则以e结尾的一般不去e，直接加-lyimmediateimmediatelybravebravelyentireentirely一些以e结尾的形容词去e加-(l)ytruetrulysimplesimplygentlegentlypossiblepossibly“辅音字母y”结尾，改-y为-i，再加-lyhappyhappilyeasyeasily以-ic结尾，加-ally
28、economiceconomicallybasicbasically技法4提示词为代词的词形转换典例导引1.2021新高考全国卷As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in _ (I).22021蚌埠二中高三模拟Xinhuas article noted that “Among the four, high-speed rail and online shopping are
29、nt from China, but we bring the inventions to the worlds top level with our intelligence and innovation, and make _ (they) Chinas calling card.”32020新高考卷As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _ (they) living at a different time in history or walk
30、ing through a rainforest.42020全国卷Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.52020北京卷She recognized _ (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity an
31、d showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm.快捷思维根据所指对象或根据所作成分提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。分析句子结构， 发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等)形式。分析句子结构， 发现提示词作宾语时，应考虑人称代词宾格(me, us, them等)形式。分析句子结构， 发现提示词作定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(our, my, your; their; his, her; i
32、ts等)分析句子结构， 发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语， 且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等)【技法点金】人称类别单数第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe/she/it宾格meyouhim/her/it物主代词形容词性myyourhis/her/its名词性mineyourshis/hers/its反身代词myselfyourselfhimself/herself/ itself 人称类别单数第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格weyouthey宾格usyouthem物主代词形容词性ouryourtheir名词性oursyourst
33、heirs反身代词ourselvesyourselvesthemselves牢记代词的句法功能1作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等)2作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, its等)3作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等)4如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等)5填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。6that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。Test
34、 12021兰州市高三诊断A Mirror of Chinese cultureWhat comes to mind when you think of kung fu? If your mind 1._ (fill) with images of Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee, jaw-dropping stunts or Kung Fu Panda, you wouldnt be wrong. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary filmmaker, the first thing 2._ springs
35、 to mind is the concept of non-violence.“Kung fu, in my eyes, is a mirror of Chinese culture，” Brahm said. “The traditional 3._ (value) of kung fu, actually, are in the minds of all Chinese people.”“China adopts a policy of not wanting 4._ (have) conflict with other countries. Why does China want to
36、 be in harmony 5._ other nations? Its part of the psychology of the Chinese people. Its also 6._ (nation) psychology.”Brahm also believes that todays world 7._ (urgent) needs to restart equal exchanges between countries without stereotypes (成见), and that culture and sports, such as kung fu, can serv
37、e as 8._ great channel and platform.“In the same way, since ping-pong as a cultural and sports exchange 9._ (open) relations for China with the West in the 1970s, kung fu can become the new cultural diplomacy (外交) of our time, 10._ (bring) people together in mutual sharing of skills and culture, and
38、 furthering respect and understanding.”Test 22021烟台市学业水平诊断The National Center for Health Statistics of the United States found a significant rise in the number of severe obesity (肥胖) cases in very young children aged 2 to 5.In an effort 1._ (end) unhealthy food habits and raise awareness about prope
39、r nutrition, Roberta Falah, an Ohio entrepreneur (企业家), launched her snack bar company called Cure in June 2016. 2._ idea came to her when she was teaching at school. “I would watch my students come into the classroom 3._ (eat) chips, sugars and bad carbs. Anytime I asked them 4._ they ate so poorly
40、, a very common 5._ (respond) was Healthy food just doesnt taste good，” Falah recalls.With some creative ideas in her mind, Falah started experimenting on a unique recipe 6._ ingredients (原料) include a mixture of nuts, seeds and honey. Finally, she created some organic healthy bars. Her business 7._
41、 (take) off soon and now she meets four to six thousand orders a month.In fact, Falah doesnt just want to change peoples health but also to tackle hunger. “We have a mission behind the company: for every bar 8._ (sell), we will donate a bar to the homeless. We are 9._ (actual) donating a percentage
42、of our profits towards reducing world hunger. We 10._ (give) help to over 200 000 people in the US and abroad in the past four years，” Falah said in a TV interview.第二讲名、形、副三管齐下巧化词性转换典例答案：development命题专家授策略技法11答案与解析：exciting句意：他们使用风筝摄影、地球物理调查和地震仪使学习变得激动人心。此处作learning的宾语补足语形容learning，应用形容词exciting表示“激
43、动人心的”。2答案与解析：frightening句意：安东尼奥摩根说，罗宾逊从他身边疾驰而过，片刻之后，他听到了可怕的撞击声。空处修饰名词crash，需填形容词作定语，crash指物，需用-ing结尾的形容词。3答案与解析：impressive句中affairs是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词impress是动词，其形容词是impressive，作定语。4答案与解析：useful句意：八个月后，它被认为是安全和有用的。分析可知，空处为形容词做主语补足语，补充说明it，useful意为“有用的”，符合句意。5答案与解析：amazing句意：如果你是阿凡达电影的粉丝，那就来张家界欣赏一下这里令人惊叹的
44、自然风光和令人叹为观止的阿凡达哈利路亚山吧！根据句意可知，此处amazing 修饰名词scenery。6答案与解析：director句意：陈小平，中国科学技术大学机器人实验室主任补充说，这使它们在更广泛的应用中具有优势。此处用direct的名词形式director作Chen Xiaoping的同位语，意为“主管，负责人”。7答案与解析：impression句意：然而，当像英国人这样的外国人想到中国菜时，他们对中国菜的印象与你可能想到的不同。在形容词性物主代词their后应用名词作主语，名词impression意为“印象”，符合语境，根据is可知用其单数形式。8答案与解析：growth句意：火在
45、彝族人眼中是光的象征，火被认为有驱除害虫和保护农作物生长的能力。空处作宾语，表示“生长”应用名词growth，表抽象概念，不可数。9答案与解析：achievement句意：这一成就标志着中国实现了全面量子计算道路上的第一个重大突破量子计算优势，也被称为“量子霸权”。空处作主语，表示“成就”应用名词achievement，this修饰可数名词单数。技法21答案与解析：humans考查名词单复数。 本空作宾语从句中we的同位语， 故应用名词的复数形式。2答案与解析：ceremonies句意：但节气文化在今天仍然有用，它通过与每个节气相对应的特殊食物、文化仪式、园艺，甚至健康生活技巧来指导人们的生活。ceremony为可数名词，此处表示泛指