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1、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。If he has time, he wil come. 如果他有时间，他会来的。He wont succeed unless we plan well. 他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式（be的过去式常用were）would/should/might/could + 动词原形与将来事实相反(1) 过
2、去式(2)should + 动词原形(3)were to + 动词原形would/should/might/could + 动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时（had + 过去分词）would/should/might/could + 过去分词If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you. 要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟，你
3、就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out. 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)二、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句1省略if形式的虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。Were she my daughter(Should she be my daughter)，I wouldnt allow h
4、er to study abroad. 如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。2混合虚拟语气若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。If she had followed the doctors words，she would feel better now. 如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。3含蓄虚拟语气有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without.，连词but for，otherwise，or等中。Without music(If there were no
5、music)，the world would be dull. 世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。Im really very busy，otherwise I would certainly go there with you.(otherwiseif I were not so busy) 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1. 动词wish后的宾语从句。 表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用would/ should/could/might + 动词原形。I wish I were ten years
6、 younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望将来成为科学家。经典例题There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且
7、我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。2. 在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用should + 动词原形，should可省略。常见的这类动词有：suggest，recommend， insist， order， require， advise， demand， command， ask， request，propose等。He suggested that we (should) be here in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。The doctor advised that he (s
8、hould) change his job. 医生劝他换工作。经典例题1.Itsstrangethathe_ havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
9、2.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 【参考答案】删除can或can改为should 【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议讲的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气（should+）动词原形，所以本句可以删除can或can改为should。3. 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。I would rather you had
10、 been present. 我倒愿意你当时在场。4在It is (about/high) timethat从句中，谓语动词常用过去式或should动词原形表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection. 是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。5as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。They talked and talked as if they would never meet a
11、gain. 他们谈啊谈好像永远不会再见面一样。6if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。Look at the trouble were in.If only we had taken our teachers advice！ 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！经典例题1._ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【参考答案】B【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚
12、拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该学生是无法克服她自己的困难的。2. Do you have Bettys phone number? Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be【参考答案】 B【试题解析】句意：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadnt have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldnt have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。