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1、（全国卷）2023届高三英语下学期冲刺模拟试题8第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AIf you are crazy about paintings, you shouldnt miss the following four famous masterpieces which have stood the test of time.The Arnolfini PortraitJan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting
2、 on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century soc
3、iety, through Jan van Eycks heavy use of symbolism while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with housework.The Starry NightVincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas(帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small h
4、illside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Rmy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of Vincent van Goghs m
5、ost famous works.The HarvestersThe Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It shows the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commission
6、ed this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.GuernicaGuernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title “Guernica” refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes durin
7、g the Spanish Civil War. The painting demonstrates the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofa in Madrid.1. Which of the following paintings was produced la
8、test?A. The Arnolfini Portrait.B. The Starry Night.C. The Harvesters.D. Guernica.2. Who created the painting describing the harvest time?A. Pieter Bruegel the Elder. B. Vincent van Gogh. C. Jan van Eyck. D. Pablo Picasso.3. What can we know according to the passage?A. In Jan van Eycks time, husbands
9、 were also responsible for housework.B. The Starry Night wasnt widely recognized before 1941.C. Nicolaes Jonghelinck enjoyed the same reputation as Pieter Bruegel the Elder.D. Guernica is collected at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.BIt was a cold winter. The wind blew all night and the s
10、now was blinding. When morning came, my three children and I got up and made our way to the windows. As we looked out of the window, we saw that the hen house was gone. Our three hens had been blown away. I looked at the emptiness outside. Then I saw all three chickens sat around the edge of a white
11、 bucket. How was this violent wind not blowing them into the field beyond? I quickly pulled on my husbands long snow pants and heavy winter coat, wrapped a scarf and stuck my feet into very large boots.I shouted at the wind as it blew. I was alone, except my children. They stared out of the window i
12、nto the vast white sea of snow, peering for any sign of movement. Outside I heard the sound of my boots as I walked against the wind.The snow circling around me, I steadily made my way to the soft cluck-cluck-cluck sound my hens always made. When I reached them, I saw that their little feet were hol
13、ding on to the edge of the bucket, heads bent forward and away from the wind. I gently lifted each hen and put it carefully into the warm inside. Then I began the freezing walk back to the small shed directly behind our house. One by one I laid my chickens on the cold floor, and they began to cluck
14、softly.As I shut the shed doors, my eyes went directly to the window where my children were watching. They jumped up and down cheering, and so did I! I wasnt some dragon slayer(屠杀者) from a fairy tale. I was simply a mom, but the look on my childrens faces told me that they thought I was a hero mom.4
15、. Seeing all three chickens sitting around the bucket, the author felt _.A. unbelievableB. worriedC. shyD. confident5. How does the author reach the hens?A. By searching for the white bucket.B. By wearing protective clothes.C. By following the sound of the hens.D. By shouting at the hen house.6. Fro
16、m the story, we know that _.A. the authors children liked dragon slayers.B. the children watched their mother all the way.C. the author struggled to be a hero.D. the author enjoyed herself in the snow.7. What might be the best title for the text?A. Weather in the Extreme.B. Hens in Trouble.C. Kindne
17、ss in Need. D. Hero in the Snow.CThe eastern Siberian landscape is not normally like hell. In winter it is blanketed in snow; in summer, its forests are lush(苍翠繁茂的). This year, however, the region is on fire, as are large parts of the Arctic Circle.The fires began in June, caused by an extremely hot
18、 and dry early summer. It was the hottest June on record globally. In the regions that are burning, temperatures peaked at 8-10 warmer than the average from 1981 to 2010. This has dried out the landscape, producing tinder(易燃物) for natural forest fires.So far, hundreds of above-ground fires have been
19、 recorded by satellites in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. It is estimated that fires within the Arctic Circle have produced more than 100m tons of carbon dioxide in a year. That is a lot. But burnt vegetation can regrow within a decade, and in doing so reabsorbs much of the released carbon dioxide. It i
20、s what is happening below ground that most worries ecologists and climate scientists.Global warming will melt Arctic permafrost(永久冻土), releasing large amounts of stored greenhouse gases. But if fires in the region become more common, that could have even bigger results. Wildfires will release much b
21、igger amounts of carbon, rather than melting permafrost. The fires also produce black carbon which, if dropped on the Arctic sea ice by favorable winds, will darken its surface, making it more likely to absorb sunlight and melt. This decreases the reflectivity of the region and further increases Arc
22、tic warming.Smog from the fires is blanketing much of Siberia. “What is scary about the Arctic fires is that they are driven by climate change, and theres very little you can do,” says Thomas Smith. Few natural fires this big have ever been successfully managed. The only way to deal with the spread
23、of these fires is to slow the rate of global warming. 8. What do we know about the wild fires in the Arctic Circle?A. They are common yearly phenomena.B. They come earlier than usual this year.C. They result from extreme weather.D. They destroy Siberian landscape.9. What does the underlined word “Th
24、at” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Hundreds of above-ground fires.B. 100m tons of carbon dioxide. C. Burnt plant life within a decade.D. Satellite distribution in the Arctic.10. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A. The causes of fires.B. The results of fires.C. The working principles of global w
25、arming.D. The characteristics of Arctic warming.11. Which word best describes the authors attitude toward the Arctic fires?A. Objective.B. Indifferent.C. Optimistic.D. Worried.DMIT researchers have developed a way to put electronic sensors into fabrics(织物), allowing them to create shirts or other cl
26、othes that could be used to monitor vital signs such as temperature and heart rate. “We can have electronic parts or lab-made electronics within the clothes that we wear every day, making them more comfortable,” says Dagdeviren, a professor at MIT. His group set out to create clothes more similar to
27、 what we normally wear, using a fabric that has removable electronic sensors in it.“In our case, the fabric is not electrically functional. Its just a passive element of our clothes so that you can wear the devices comfortably during your daily activities,” Dagdeviren says. “Our main goal was to mea
28、sure the physical activity of the body all from the same body part, without requiring any devices or any tape.”The electronic sensors consist of long flexible strips(细条). These channels have small openings that allow the sensors to be exposed to the skin. For this study, the researchers designed a s
29、hirt with 30 temperature sensors and an accelerometer that can measure the wearers movement, heart rate, and breathing rate. The clothes can then transmit(传输) this data wirelessly to a smartphone.This kind of sensing could allow doctors to remotely monitor patients. “You dont need to go to the docto
30、r or do a video call,” Dagdeviren says. “Through this kind of data collection, I think doctors can make better assessments and help their patients in a better way.”Last summer, several of the researchers spent time at a factory in Shenzhen, China, to experiment with the material used for the special
31、 clothes. “From the outside it looks like a normal T-shirt, but from the inside, you can see the electronic parts which are touching your skin,” Dagdeviren says.12. Why do MIT researchers make the special clothes with sensors in it?A. To create clothes with medical functions.B. To satisfy customers
32、personal need for fashion.C. To complete their academic tasks.D. To transform patents for benefits.13. What is the main function of the electronic sensors?A. Monitoring wearers behavior.B. Making the skin fully exposed.C. Adjusting wearers body temperature.D. Collecting and transmitting health infor
33、mation.14. What do the researchers expect of the clothes in the future?A. They will bring convenience to patients.B. They could be in mass-production soon.C. They might lead the new fashion.D. They may take the place of doctors.15. What can we infer about wearing the special clothes with sensors acc
34、ording to Dagdeviren?A. Its fashionable.B. Its skin-friendly.C. Its eco-friendly. D. Its awkward.【答案】12-15 ADAB第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Get a Healthy HomeMost of us have spent more time at home in 2020 than we ever imagined possible. 16 These tips can help ma
35、ke your home better for your body and mind.Take off your shoes at your door. Think about keeping your home clean the minute you walk in. A University of Arizona study found that the average shoe contains nearly 421 000 different bacteria(细菌), including Escherichia coil and strep. Pesticides(杀虫剂) and
36、 cleaning chemicals can also come into your home via your shoes. 17 Freshen the walls. If the walls in your home feel as if theyre closing in, maybe its time to find a new coat of paint. 18 Researchers at the University of British Columbia found that blue boosts creativity, while red increases atten
37、tion to detail. 19 In a small study, volunteers worked from noon to 8 p. m. in a room lit primarily by daylight or one lit primarily by artificial light. By the end of the second day, those who had worked in the sunlit room were less sleepy and performed better on performance tests connected with me
38、ntal process.Clean the air in your home. 20 The Department of Energy requires that it can remove 99.97 percent of pollutants and particles in the air. Portable high-efficiency particulate air filters can clean a single room or the entire house.A. Work near a window.B. Study in the artificial light.C
39、. Studies have shown that color can influence your mood.D. Maybe you have realized the importance of a healthy home.E. Leave a pair of shoes you wear in the house by the front door.F. A high-efficiency particulate air(HEPA) filter can cost muchG. The gold standard is a high-efficiency particulate ai
40、r(HEPA) filter(过滤器).第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During the day, I heard something happened at the Twin Towers. But nobody seemed to really 21 what was going on. Not until school let out did I realize something might be 22 . My dad usua
41、lly 23 me up, but he wasnt there. My dad was a firefighter. His 24 was less than a mile from the Twin Towers.The Twin Towers had been attacked, and my dad had gone there to 25 . I remember only bits and pieces, like my mom calling hospitals all over New York City, 26 to find my dad. Hopelessly, she
42、told me that he was probably 27 .We didnt learn exactly what had happened to him until much later. We 28 that he had sent a radio message at 9:56 am when he and hundreds of other 29 firefighters were in the burning South Tower, saving as many people as possible. Just three minutes later, the tower 3
43、0 .Nineteen years later, I still 31 my dad every day. He instilled(灌输) in me a 32 for my community, and his 33 encouraged me to volunteer.Looking back, I dont think only of the sad 34 . I also remember the great acts of people, 35 my dad, proud to call him my hero.21. A. expectB. knowC. careD. wonde
44、r22. A. differentB. ambitious C. wrong D. strange23. A. picked B. stimulated C. shifted D. recalled24. A. mission B. station C. objective D. region25. A. cite B. cease C. assign D. help26. A. requiringB. refusing C. hoping D. promising27. A. mistakenB. chosen C. ignored D. gone28. A. found outB. pic
45、ked out C. made sure D. made sense29. A. excited B. serious C. courageous D. surprised30. A. broke downB. fell down C. shut up D. showed up31. A. miss B. protest C. quote D. worry32. A. passion B. profile C. resolution D. love33. A. patience B. carefulness C. bravery D. wisdom34. A. lesson B. event
46、C. change D. option35. A. especiallyB. literally C. occasionally D. apparently【答案】21-25 BCABD26-30 CDACB31-35 ADCBA第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When Zhang Lingshan was a child, she would watch the Chinese period drama Palace on television, attracted by the characters ancie
47、nt clothing. She didnt know what these beautiful clothes 36 (call) only that they were from some 37 (distance) past. “They looked fairy-like, dreamy,” she said. “I was completely drawn by the beauty of these clothes, and then 38 (eventual) came to understand the culture of Hanfu, and I liked it more and more.”Now aged nineteen 39 living in Beijing, Zhang is a member of Chinas growing “hanfu