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1、2022年高考英语语法知识点梳理现在完成时用法讲义一、现在完成时概念： 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now. 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续He has lived here since 1978.二、现在完成时的构成：现在完成时由“have(has)+过去分词”构成。has 用于主语是第三人称单数时。I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完功课I have lived i
2、n Guangzhou for more than three years. 我已经在广州住了三年多了。My sister has seen the movie many times. 那部电影我姐姐看过好多次了。现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的构成。否定句：主语+have /has +not+过去分词+其他.说明：have和has常与not 缩写成havent 和hasnt .I havent seen much of him recently 最近我没怎么见到他。He hasnt been to Japan.他没有去过日本。一般疑问句： Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它？肯定回答：
3、Yes, 主语+have /has.否定回答： No, 主语+have /has not。 Have you finished your homework ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗？Yes, I have. (No, I havent ) 是的 。（不，还没有）-Has he passed the test yet ? 他考试及格了吗-Yes, he has. (No , he hasnt ) 是的。（不，没及格）三、现在完成时的标志_ So far he has written 8 books. 最近他已经写了八本书。 In the past years, great changes ha
4、ve taken place in my hometown.在过去几年里，我们乡镇发生了巨大变化。 Have they finished tasks yet? 他们还没完成任务吗？ He has already given up smoking .他已经戒烟了。（表示现在已经不抽烟了） We have ever met them in Nanjing before. 我们之前曾经在南京遇到他们。 How many times have you been to Beijing ? 他去过北京几次？ （与表示频率的状语连用） We have received no news from her fo
5、r 2 years .两年了，我们没有她的一点消息。 She has taught us since I came to this school.从我来学校开始她就一直教我们。 I have been to Shanghai many times. 我去过上海很多次了。（现在不在上海） She has gone to Shanghai. 她去北京了（表示她人此刻不在这，在北京的途中或已在北京） The Greens have been in China for two years. 格林一家在中国待了两年。（现在还在中国） It is/has been more than ten years
6、since we learnt English. Many years has passed since we knew each other. It is the first time that I have listened to the music. That is the most interesting movie that I have ever watched.使用现在完成时应注意的情况瞬间动词（也叫点动词，非延续性动词或终止性动词）表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续，因此不能与表示一段时间的时间状语（如for短语，since短语等）连用，但是可以与表示非持续的时间状语连
7、用。如：His father has died for three years. （ ）【die（死）为瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用他父亲去世已经三年了。 His father died three years ago. （ ）【可以与表示非持续性的时间状语连用I have bought the book for a week. （ ）【buy(买)为瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用这本书我买了一个星期了。 I bought the book a week ago. （ ）【可以与表示非延续性的时间状语连用表示时间段的时间状语时，可以将瞬间动词变为同义的延续性或表状态的动词（短
8、语）。所以，上面两例还可以分别表示为：His father has been dead for three years. be dead (死的)表状态 I have had the book for a week. have(拥有)表延续性动作常见的瞬间动词可以转换成表延续状态的词有如下一些：汉语意思瞬间动词(词组)延续性动词(词组)买buyhave借borrowkeep结婚get marriedbe married认识get to knowknow离开leavebe away回来come backbe back生病fall illbe ill死亡diebe dead关闭turn offbe
9、 off打开turn onbe on动身leave forbe off to返回returnbe back变成becomebe开始beginbe on睡觉go to bedsleep穿put onhave on/wear来/去come/gobe in/away参加joinbe a member of感冒catch a coldhave a cold入睡go to sleep/fall asleepbe asleep到达get to/arrive in(at)/reachbe in注意：for和since的用法: for + 时间段 (译为：时间) since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从以来
10、) since + 时间段 + ago since + 从句(过去时) It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) It is /has been +一段时间+since 句子（自从 .已有多久） 一段时间+ has passed+ since 句子 （自从 .已有多久） It/ This/ That is + the first/only/last+名词单数+ that句子 It/ This/ That is+ the+形容词最高级+名词单数+ that句子一、用since或for填空1. Tim has been in England _ Monday.2. Tim has
11、 been in England _ three days.3. She has been there _ 7 oclock.4. India has been an independent country _1974.5. They have been waiting the bus_ 20 minutes.6. Mike has been ill_a long time. He has been in hospital_ October.二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空。1. This is the fourth time that Mr. Smith _(visit) the Summer
12、 Palace2. Rice noodles _(be) noodles made from rice. And they are the best thing that I _(eat) so far.3. Every possible means _(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.4. Judy is going to marry the tour guide she _(meet) in France last year.5. Where _ your new house now? In
13、 a suburban area. But I _(live) in downtown for five years.6. I _(live) in Beijing since I _(graduate) from university.7. Shakespeares play Hamlet _(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.8. The new bridge over the Yellow River _(complete).9. I _(read) half of the English novel,
14、 and I _ try to finish it next weekend.10. China _(achieve) quite a lot in environmental protection recently.11. What happened in the new area? New houses _(build) recently over there.12. Since Hannah began her activities, she _(receive) a lot of praise.13. My cousin _(go) to Canada two years ago. H
15、e _(work) there for a few months and then _(move) to America.14. China _(make) great efforts for years to develop renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and nuclear power to reduce the countrys dependency on coal.15. Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water _(pollu
16、te).三、 按要求改写句子。1. The river became dirty last year.（用for改写句子）_2. I bought a pen two hours ago. （用since改写句子）_3. They borrowed it last week. （用for改写句子）_4. He joined the league in 2010.（用since改写句子）_5. The film began two minutes ago.（用for改写句子）_6. My grandpa died in 2002.（用for改写句子）_7. My brother joined t
17、he army two years ago.（用since改写句子）_四、翻译1. 我以前从未见过如此善良的人。_2. 他的钱被偷了。_3. 这个区域已经建了多少栋大楼了？_4. 那是他写过的唯一一本书。_5. 这是我吃过的最好吃的一顿饭。_6. 作业还没做完。_7. 买新电脑了吗？_8. 由于生活水平的提高，在过去几年中人们的消费模式发生了变化。_答案：一、用for或since填空1. since 2. for 3. since 4. since 5. for 6. for, since二、用单词的适当形式填空1. has visited 2. is, have eaten 3. has b
18、een used 4. met 5. is , have lived 6. have lived, graduated 7. has been made 8. has been completed 9. have read, will try 10. has achieved 11. have been built 12. has received 13. went, has worked, moved 14. has made 15. has been polluted三、改写句子1. The river has been dirty for a year.2. I have had a p
19、en since two hours ago. 3. They have kept it for a week.4. He has been in the league since 2010.5. The film has been on for two minutes.6. My grandpa has been dead for 20 years.7. My brother has been in the army since two years ago.四、翻译句子1. I have never seen such a kind man before.2. His money has b
20、een stolen.3. How many buildings have been built in this area?4. That is the only book that he has written.5. This is the best meal that I have eaten.6. Homework hasnt been finished yet.7. Has a new computer been bought?8. Peoples consumption patterns have changed in the last few years because of the improvement of living standards.