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1、Unit 22 Environmental Protection(一)阅读词汇明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1ecology n 生态2botanical adj. 植物的3consultant n. 顾问4corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的5conservation n. 保护6consensus n. 一致的意见7species n. (动植物的)物种8habitat n. 栖息地9enforce vt. 实施，执行10scale n. 规模，范围11irrigation n. 灌溉12evolution n. (生物)进化13valid adj. 有充分理由的14fragile
2、adj. 易毁的；脆弱的15negative adj. 消极的，负面的第二组：写其形1endanger vt. 危害2trap vt. 使困住3principle n. 原则，道德准则4beyond prep. 超出5relevant adj. 有关的6coincidence n. 巧合7condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地8sacrifice vt. & vi. 牺牲；献出9advocate vt. 主张，提倡10recycle vt. 回收利用11substitute n. 代替品，代用品12seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取13behalf n. 代表14mean
3、s n. 方法15flee vt.&vi. 逃走16potential n. 可能性，潜在性17claim vt. 声称18threaten vt. 威胁19arm vt. 武装20finance n. 资金(二)表达词汇晓其变、通其用1extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种2fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的fashion n流行，时尚3separation n分离，分开separate adj.分开的v.分离，分开4construct vt.建造construction n建造5considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consider
4、 vt.考虑consideration n考虑considering prep.考虑到；鉴于6adopt vt.采用；收养adoption n收养；采用adopted adj.收养的7reserve n保护区 vt.保留；预订reservation n预订；保留；保护；疑惑reserved adj.预订的，保留的8agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的9changeable adj.多变的change n& v变化10allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配，配给11sharpen vt.削尖sharp adj.锋利的sharpener n
5、卷笔刀12calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算calculator n计算器(三)常用短语多积累、准运用1in_turn依次；轮流2take_action 采取行动3lead_to 引起，导致4ahead_of 在前面5apart_from 除以外6answer_for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任7carry_off 掠去，夺走8call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束9refer_to 指，意即10all_in_all 总的来说11earn_ones_living 谋生12look_ahead 展望未来13result_in 导致14on_so
6、mebodys_behalf 代表15break_away_from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、 团体、组织)16sum_up 总结，概括17beyond_ones_control超出的控制，不受的控制(四)经典句式明特点、会仿用1without引导的含蓄条件句悟原句Without these naturally occurring gases, the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.背佳句Without your help, I couldnt h
7、ave won the first place in the English Speaking Competition.2.given用作介词或连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘若”悟原句Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.背佳句Given the present conditions, I think he has done rather well.3.拟人修辞手法悟原句The last
8、few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.背佳句The two stone lions standing in front of Tiananmen saw/witnessed many great historic events.1.各大“产业”名词个个清agriculture农业industry 工业business 商业forestry 林业fishing 渔业planting industry 种植业2.“环境”相关
9、词一览conservation n保护species n. 物种reserve n. 保护区atmosphere n. 大气层resource n. 资源recycle v回收利用3.“相似词”小结principle 原则principal 校长tissue 组织issue 问题；发行affect v影响effect n影响dessert 甜点desert 舍弃borrow 借sorrow 悲痛wander 漫步wonder 想知道4.“熟词生义”忠义堂arm vt.武装address vt. 发表演说develop v. 冲印escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视fail v. 不足；缺乏kil
10、l v. 消磨(时间).用所给词的适当形式填空1Our soldiers are willing to sacrifice their lives to_defend (defend) our country.2What_changeable (change) weather, fine one moment, raining the next! 3A new bridge is being constructed over the river and its construction will be finished next year.(construct)4Every means has
11、_been_tried (try) to help him to give up smoking, but all in vain.5Mr White is the adopted son of Mrs Green, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago. Thanks to her adoption,_Mr White could receive a good education and became an engineer.(adopt)6The old man considers his daughterinlaw cons
12、iderate because she always takes everything into consideration when she deals with family affairs.(consider)7If necessary, students are allowed to calculate the volume (容积) of the container using a calculator,_which will make the calculation simpler.(calculate)8After a long separation,_they both liv
13、ed a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate)9A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.The allocation is of great importance to our school librarys construction.(allocate).介、副词填空1He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progre
14、ss of his other subjects.2You must be more moderate in your drinking. Too much wine can lead to serious trouble.3If you stick to that, you shall answer for the consequences.4Its a good composition, apart from a few spelling mistakes.5Young people often look ahead to the future while the elderly look
15、 back on the past.6However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.7Before the thief could run away, the police man seized him by the arm.选词填空1lead to/lead sb. to .Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead t
16、hem to make more abstract connections. You find one thing out and it can_lead_to something else. 2a number of ./the number of . The_number_of_children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham. A_number_of worldfamous paintings are on show in this exhibition.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1Rescuers had
17、 to scale a 300metre cliff to reach the injured climber. 攀登2They offered sacrifices to the gods. 祭品3The men armed themselves with sticks and stones. 武装4The course teaches you the theory but theres no substitute for practical experience. 代替物Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to
18、 give you. 代替；取代5Ill call the restaurant and make a reservation. 预订I have serious reservations about his ability to do the job. 疑惑.完成句子1Given_that_she_likes_children,_it seems that teaching is the right job for her.(given that)考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看起来是很适合她的工作。2The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seen the rapid d
19、evelopment of China.(拟人修辞手法)过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。3Without your help, I wouldnt_have_passed_the_test.(without引导的虚拟条件句)没有你的帮助，我是不可能通过考试的。4We had no trouble on the journey_apart_from_losing_some_money.(apart from)除了丢了一些钱外，我们旅途中没有出岔子。5All_in_all,_every_road_leads_to_Rome,_but I believe hard work pays off.(al
20、l in all)总而言之，条条大路通罗马，但我相信努力工作是值得的。1trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/get trapped in 被困在中(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套fall into the trap of doing sth.落入的圈套；做某事不明智set/lay a trap for 为设圈套针对训练单句语法填空The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) his poor qu
21、ality milk. Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.完成句子He set/laid_a_trap_for_her and she walked straight into it.他给她设了个圈套，她就径直走了进去。The brave soldiers were determined to save all the people who_were_trapped_in_the_flood.勇敢的战士们决心拯救所有被困在洪水中的人。Parents often fall_into_the_trap_o
22、f_trying_to_do_everything for their children.父母经常一厢情愿地试图为子女操办一切。联想发散表示“被困于中”的短语还有：be/get locked inbe/get stuck inbe/get caught in be/get blocked in2reserve vt.储备；保存；保留；预订，预约n.保护区；储备 (1)reserve sth.for sb./sth. 为某人/某物保留、预订某物(2)in reserve 贮存；备用(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation (of) 预订(
23、座位、房间等)without reserve/reservation毫无保留地(4)reserved adj. 预订的，保留的be reserved for 留作，(专)供之用针对训练完成句子/一句多译We always keep some money_in_reserve,_just in case.我们总是存些钱，以防万一。They supported the measures without_reserve/reservation.他们毫无保留地支持这些措施。你必须提前订票吗？Do you have to reserve_tickets in advance? (reserve)Do y
24、ou have to make_a_reservation_of_tickets in advance? (reservation)3coincidence n巧合；同时发生；一致，相符(1)by coincidence碰巧，巧合的是It is/was a coincidence that . 是巧合的What a coincidence! 真巧！(2)coincident adj.巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的演绎法练通单句语法填空/完成句子By coincidence, my husband and I have the same birthday.The result of the ga
25、me was coincident (coincidence) with our expectation.What_a_coincidence! I never dreamed of meeting you here.真巧！我从没想到会在这里遇见你。4sacrifice v& n牺牲；献出 (1)sacrifice .for .为而牺牲；牺牲而换得sacrifice . to do sth. 为做某事而牺牲(2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出牺牲演绎法练通单句语法填空Would you sacrifice a football game to_go (go) ou
26、t with me?As a mother, she was ready to sacrifice everything for her family.完成句子She made_many_sacrifices_to get her son a good education.为了让儿子接受好的教育，她做出了很多牺牲。He sacrificed_a_promising_career_to_look_after his kids.他为了照顾孩子牺牲了很有前途的事业。5advocate vt.主张，提倡n.提倡者，拥护者单句语法填空He advocated that the children (sho
27、uld)_be_taken (take) good care of in the charity house.Many experts in education advocated encouraging (encourage) children for good behavior.She has always been an advocate of/for changes to the local economic reform.归纳法记牢(1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that . 主张从句谓语动词用 (should)动词原形(2
28、)an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者 6substitute vt.& vi.(用)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品完成句子Nothing can substitute_for_hard_work because life is a process of struggle for success.没有什么可以代替努力工作，因为生活是一个为成功而奋斗的过程。The scientists are studying to develop a_substitute_for this kind of medicine.科学家们正在研究开发这种药物的替代品。一句多译这台旧电脑坏了。我们必须
29、用新的代替它。The old computer doesnt work.We must substitute_a_new_one_for_it.(substitute sth. for sth.)The old computer doesnt work.We must substitute_it_with/by_a_new_one. (substitute sth. with/by sth.)归纳法记牢(1)substitute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代(2)a substitute for . 的替代品
30、 7threaten vt.威胁，恐吓单句语法填空He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment.David threatened to_report (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.句式升级He was threatened
31、by terrorists and didnt dare to vote for the president.(过去分词短语作状语)Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didnt_dare_to_vote_for_the_president.归纳法记牢(1)threaten sb.with .用威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事threaten that . 威胁(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁 8seize vt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取；抓住；捉住seize sth. from
32、sb.从某人那里夺过某物seize sb. by the . 抓住某人的seize on/upon 抓住，利用seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会演绎法练通单句语法填空Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar.Our teacher forbade us to seize on/upon our dictionaries during the test.完成句子We should seize_the_chance/opportunity_to_work_hard to achieve our g
33、oals.我们应抓住机会努力实现我们的目标。Tom_seized_the_letter_from_her and began to read out loud.汤姆从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。名师指津seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓的部位作宾语，也可用“seizesb./sth.bythe部位”结构，但表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词。如句。9means n方式，方法；手段means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径by means of 借助的手段by all means 可以，当然行；务必，一定by no means 决不(置于句首，句子倒装)
34、by this means 用这种方法演绎法练通选用上述短语填空By_no_means can teaching in school be separated from practice.We will by_all_means realize our dreams as long as we stick to them and work hard.By_means_of the Internet, we can gain plenty of useful information.Only by_this_means can you get in touch with your classma
35、tes.联想发散(1)“(做)的方法”的表达还有：the approach to (doing) sth.; the way to do/of (doing) sth.; the method of (doing) sth.等。(2)“用这种方法”的表达还有：in this way, with this method, an approach to .。10adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养(1)adopt a policy/habit采用某项政策/某种习惯adopt ones suggestion/plan/idea采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a method/measures 采
36、用某种方法/采取措施adopt an orphan 收养孤儿(2)adopted adj. 收养的(3)adoption n. 收养；采纳演绎法练通单句语法填空His adopted (adopt) son was said to be admitted into the key university, which made him very happy.This remained in effect until the adoption (adopt) of a new method.完成句子After a heated discussion, we all decided to adopt
37、_measures_to_deal_with (采取措施来处理) the contemporary situation.After much consideration, we all decided to adopt_my_deskmates_suggestion (采纳我同桌的建议)名师指津adopt与adapt词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。11considerate adj.体贴的，想得周到的 (1)consideration n考虑；体谅，关心，体贴under consideration 在考虑中take . into consideration 把考虑在
38、内；考虑(2)consider v. 考虑；认为consider sb./sth. to be/as .认为是；把看作 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事(3)considerable adj. 相当大的；相当多的considering prep. 考虑到演绎法练通单句语法填空Considering what she has done for us, we consider her as a very considerate person.(consider)Mothers Day is coming, and Im considering purchasing (purcha
39、se) a gift for mum, one that is to her taste.Changing this situation requires considerable (consider)effort on the part of everyone.Everything taken into consideration (consider), they believed themselves more qualified for the job.The plan he put forward at the meeting is under consideration now an
40、d the result will be put up soon.句式升级He took all the aspects into consideration and decided to study abroad.Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(现在分词短语作状语)All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(独立主格结构)1refer to指，意即；涉及，提及；谈到；参考；查阅(1)ref
41、er to . as .把称作refer . to . 把提交给(以求获得帮助)(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅in/with reference to 关于针对训练单句语法填空Johnson referred to the discovery as a major breakthrough in medical science yesterday.The girl always refers to the reference books as her good friends and helpers.(refer)完成句子He should call 8022479999 f
42、or the information in/with_reference_to his delayed baggage.关于行李延误情况，他应该打电话8022479999询问。You may refer_the_matter_to_him if necessary.必要的话你可以把这件事委托给他。2lead to引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向lead sb. to . 引导某人去；带领某人通往lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事lead a(n) .life 过的生活lead the way 领路；带头演绎法练通单句语法填空His illness led to his not
43、 being able to attend the meeting.I want to know what led you to_take (take) up Japanese when you are in your fifties.完成句子The receptionist led_the_way to the managers office.接待员领路来到经理办公室。Only in peaceful countries can the people lead_a_happy_life.只有在和平的国家，人民才能过上幸福的生活。3apart from除之外(都)；除之外(尚有)完成句子Apart_from this, the air and rivers have been heavily polluted.除此之外，空气和河流都被严重污染了。Please take_the_TV_apart to see whats the matter with it.请拆开电视看看出了什么毛病。You can tell_the_two_books_apart by their covers.你可以根据封面把这两本书区分开。He had a deep voice, which set_him_apart_from_others in our small