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1、定语从句句法16三大从句特殊句式一、定语从句二、名词性从句三、状语从句一、虚拟语气二、倒装句三、强调句定语从句壹Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句概述关系词常规用法关系词特殊用法考点：关系词（一）何为定语从句位置I dont like lazy people.我不喜欢懒人。形容词作定语，形容词作定语要置于被修饰名词的前面。I dont like people who never keep their word.我不喜欢不守信用的人。完整的句子作定语，从句修饰名词要置于被修饰名词的后面。定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句主从句I dont like p
2、eople who never keep their word.我不喜欢不守信用的人。从句内含有完整的主谓结构，并且前面有修饰的名词或者代词。I can do everything for someone who I love.(先行词是不定代词someone)我可以为我爱的人做一切。（一）何为定语从句（二）定语从句两大重要概念，先行词+关系词-【例】I dont like people who never keep their word.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词，称为先行词关系词：1.代词的作用，重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定成分，who指代 people并且做从句主语2.连接的
3、作用，连接主句和从句，who连接主句I dont like people 和从句 who never keep their word的作用。勤学勤练找出先行词+关系词1.He is the man who lives next door.他就是住在我隔壁的人2.The woman whom we have just seen is a famous writer.我们刚刚见过的那个女人是著名的作家3.I like guys who have a good sense of humor.我喜欢有幽默感的男生。(三)关系词在定语从句中充当的成分1、关系词在从句中做主语主语-【例】The woman
4、 is a famous doctor and she lives next door.关系代词有代指和连接作用The woman is a famous doctor who(=and she)lives next door.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面The woman who lives next door is a famous doctor.I like guys and they have a good sense of humor.I like guys who have a good sense of humor.定语从句注意点：关系词who代替人称代词（如she和th
5、ey）后，定语从句里就不能再保留这些词了。*The woman who she lives next door is a famous doctor.*I like guys who they have a good sense of humor.-【例】The woman who lives next door is a famous doctor.-【例】I like guys who have a good sense of humor.定语从句注意点：二、两个从句分别修饰的词woman和 guys，并且充当的不同的成分。woman 在主句中做主语，guys在主句中作宾语。我们关注的是关
6、系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，不关心定语从句修饰的是主句的哪个名词。-【例】The woman who lives next door is a famous doctor.-【例】I like guys who have a good sense of humor.定语从句注意点：定语从句的主谓一致问题例句1中，谓语动词是第三人称单数,lives例句2中，谓语动词是复数have定语从句的谓语动词形式是由关系词所指代的先行词来决定而不是取决于关系词本身。-【例】The woman who lives next door is a famous doctor.-【例】I like guys wh
7、o have a good sense of humor.(三)关系词在定语从句中充当的成分1、关系词在从句中做动词的宾语动词的宾语-【例】I like to find a friend and I can trust him completely.关系代词有代指和连接作用Id really like to find a friend.I can trust whom completely.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面Id really like to find a friend whom I can trust completely.He is the man and I saw h
8、im yesterday.He is the man.I saw whom yesterday.He is the man whom I saw yesterday.(三)关系词在定语从句中充当的成分1、关系词在从句中做介词的宾语介词的宾语-【例】I want to make a friend and I can share everything with him.关系代词有代指和连接作用I want to make a friend.I can share everything with whom.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面I want to make a friend with
9、whom I can share everything with.The boy is my brother and I was talking with him just now.The boy is my brother.I was talking with whom just now.The boy is my brother whom I was talking with just now.The boy whom I was talking with just now is my brother.关系词在定语从句中做宾语宾语时，可以省略1.I really like to find
10、a friend()I can trust completely.2.He is the man()I saw yesterday.3.I want to make a friend()I can share everything with.4.The boy()I was talking with just now is my brother.请判断下列定语从句是否正确，错误的请改正1.He is the man who he is teaching us English.2.I really like to find a friend that I can trust him comple
11、tely.3.I really like to find a friend I can share almost everything with him.关系词的作用 连接先行词和从句 在从句中充当一个成分（主、宾、表、定、状）替代先行词The woman who lives next door is a famous doctor.关系词的选择 确定先行词指人还是指物 确定关系词在从句中充当什么成分1.关系词的常规用法先行词作用关系代词关系副词主语宾语表语定语状语人who/thatwhom/who/that/that/whose物which/thatwhich/that/（1）限制性定语从句
12、关系词（一）先行词指“人”，才能用who 或 whomFriendship is a very difficult thing.It is hard to handle.It creates many different problems.I am talking about friends who care deeply about each other,who support each other.I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.友谊是一件很复杂的事情，它很难处理，有时还会带来许多各总各
13、样的麻烦。这里我所说的友谊是那种彼此之间能真正互相关心的朋友，能够互相支持的朋友，是那种你和他们几乎可以分享一切的朋友。who和whom 的区别1.Who 的前面不能与介词搭配使用I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.I am talking about friends with who you can share almost everything.I am talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.2.who
14、在从句中主语、宾语都可以做,whom只可做宾语A rich person is not the one who has the most,but is the one who needs least.一个富有的人，不是因为他拥有的最多，而是因为它需要的最少。（二）先行词指“物”，用关系词which -【例】The train is for Shenzhen.It has just left.关系词有代指和连接作用 The train is for Shenzhen.which has just left.定语从句要紧跟在被修饰词的后面 The train which has just left
15、 is for Shenzhen.This is a book.I bought it yesterday.which可以代指很多1.先行词是单个的名词单个的名词The computer which I bought yesterday is made in China.昨天我买的计算机是中国制造的。2.先行词是一个短语一个短语He likes climbing mountains,which is a good exercise.他喜欢爬山，这是一项很好的运动。3.先行词是一个句子一个句子Tom was late,which surprised me.汤姆迟到了，这让我很吃惊。(三）that
16、可以代指“人”，也可以代指“物”-【例】They talked about the classmates that they remembered.-【例】They talked about the things that they remembered.（四）表示人或物的所有关系，用whose-【例】I know a friend.His brother is a pop singer.我认识一个朋友，他的哥哥是一名流行歌手。I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer.-【例】These children sits in a classroom
17、.Its window are all broken.这些孩子们坐在一个教室里.这个教室的窗户都被打破了。These children sits in a classroom whose window are all broken.将下列句子改为由关系词whose引导的定语从句1.It was a meeting.Its importance I did not realize at that time.这是一个会议。在那时它的重要性我并没有意识到。2.I saw a girl.Her beauty took my breath away.我见到了一个女孩。她的美貌让我惊讶不已。【例1】GuJ
18、iaisanexcellentmotherwhosesonisverypoliteandadorable.顾佳是一位优秀的母亲，她的儿子很有礼貌，很可爱。=GuJiaisanexcellentmotherthesonofwhomisverypoliteandadorable.=ofwhomtheson【例2】Ifeelsorryforthecountrywhosepeoplearesufferingalot.我为这个人民遭受苦难的国家感到抱歉。=Ifeelsorryforthecountryaresufferingalot.=.注意：whose+n=the+n.+of which/of who
19、m =of which/of whom+the+n.翻译下面的句子1.那些努力学习的学生会通过考试。The students who study hard will pass the exam.2.昨天你在公园里看到的女士是我们的英语老师。The woman whom you saw in the park is our English teacher.3.你要的书在桌子上。The book that you want is on the desk.先行词作用关系代词关系副词主语宾语表语定语状语人who/thatwhom/who/that/that/whosewhenwhere物which/t
20、hatwhich/that/whosewhy（1）限制性定语从句关系词uwhen指时间，在从句中作时间状语先行词通常为：time,day,morning,night,week,year.-【例】I will never forget the day when I met you.我们永远不会忘记我们见面的那一天。We will never forget the moment when she proposed to you.我们永远不会忘记她向你求婚的那个时刻。-【例】1.I will never forget the time which I spent on campus.我永远不会忘记在
21、大学校园里度过的时光。2.I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。uwhere指地点，在从句中作地点状语先行词通常为：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country.-【例】This is the town where I spent my childhood.这就是我度过我童年的城镇 This is the city where I was born.这就是我出生的城市-【例】This is the town where I spent my childh
22、ood.这就是我度过我童年的城镇 This is the town which I told you before.这就是我以前告诉过你的小镇uwhy指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，只引导限制性定语从句-【例】This is the reason why I didnt come here.这就是我没来的原因。1.We will never forget the moment when she proposed to you.2.Last summer I took my boyfriend to the city where I grew up.3.This is the reas
23、on why your boss never doubts you.先行词关系词定语从句1.We will never forget the moment when she proposed to you.2.Last summer I took my boyfriend to the city where I grew up.3.This is the reason why your boss never doubts you.先行词关系词定语从句先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系副词使用注意点：当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等以及reason
24、时一定要注意分析从句的结构，确定究竟用关系代词还是关系副词Ill never forget the day()my hometown was liberated.Ill never forget the days()we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory()radio parts are made.His father works in a factory()makes radio parts.The reason()he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.p 当 occasi
25、onoccasion表示“aparticulartimeorinstanceofanevent(特定的)时刻；场合”时，定语从句引导词用when：Describeanoccasionwhenyouhadtogiveupsomeimportantthings.描述一个你不得不放弃一些重要东西的场合。p 当 point,situation,position,case,condition,stagepoint,situation,position,case,condition,stage(阶段)，等词作先行 词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，定语从句引导词用 wherewhere：Weareina
26、positionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.我们处在一个可能会损失一大笔钱的境地。关系副词使用注意点：关系副词使用注意点：在意义上关系副词（when/where/why）=介词+which+whichIwasinBeijingthatdaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.他到达的那天我在北京。Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.他工作的办公室在三楼Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。先行词作用关系代词关系副词
27、主语宾语表语定语状语人who/thatwhom/who/that/that/whosewhenwhere 物which/thatwhich/that/whosewhy（2）非限制性定语从句关系词 不能用that和why来引导；不可省略；Ourteacher,whoissopatient,lovesherjobverymuch.非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别u 限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思不完整明确TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.当我离开的时候，那个事故发生了。非限制性定语从句：对先行词的附加说明，与主句的关系不十
28、分密切Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.深爱着他的妈妈十年前去世了。u 限制性定语从句：先行词是名词、代词或名词性短语非限制定语从句：除了这三种之外，还可以是整个句子Themeetingwasputoff,whichgaveusmoretimetoprepare.会议推迟了，这给了我们更多的准备时间。用或者不用逗号，句意有差别1.He has a daughter who works in a hospital.他有一个在医院工作的女儿。2.He has a daughter,who works in a hospital.他有个女儿，是在
29、医院工作的。例句1中表示他有多个女儿，其中有一个在医院工作。例句2中强调他有一个女儿，不是儿子，“在医院工作”纯粹是补充信息。2.关系词的特殊用法that与which/whom/whom的区别as与which的区别先行词是the way(1)只用that的情况(2)只用which/whom/whom的情况(1)在限制性定语从句中(2)在非限制性定语从句中关系词用 that 或 in which 或 省略l先行词是物且为不定代词，或被不定代词修饰时包括：all,much,few,little,any,some,no,every（+thing）.【例1】Hetoldmeeverythingthat
30、heknows.【例2】Allthebooks_youofferedhavebeengivenout.(1)只用that的情况：注 意 啦！that与which/who/whom的区别l先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时【例1】ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.【例2】Youarethefirstpersonthattreatsmewithrespect.l先行词是物，且被theonly,thevery修饰时【例】ThisistheveryplacethatIamlookingfor.注 意 啦！that与which/who/whom的区别l先行词既指人又指
31、物时WewereallimpressedbythepeopleandthebeautifulscenerythatwesawinHainan.l句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?注 意 啦！that与which/who/whom的区别（2）只用 which,who,whom的情况l在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人【例】Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.l在由“介 词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人【例】Il
32、ikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.l先行词本身是that，指物时，关系词用which；先行词为those,one,he，指人时，多用who【例1】ThatwhichIsayanddoismyownaffair.【例2】Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.that与which/who/whom的区别（1）限制性定语从句：名词前有 such,so,as 和 the same 修 饰 时，关 系 代 词 用 as:as与which的区别Dontreadsuchbooksasyoucantunder
33、stand.ThisisthesamecomputerasIusedyesterday.Youcantakeasmanycandiesasyouwant.Wehaventsomuchfoodasyouneed.（2）非限制性定语从句中：当非限制性定语从句置于主句前面时，关系词只能用as，可译为“正如”。【例】As is well known,he is a famous film star in the 1980s._ is mentioned above,the number of the students of senior high school is increasing.A.Whic
34、hB.As C.ThatD.It as与which的区别先行词是the way,关系词用 that 或 in which 或 省略I like the way thatthat she smiles.I like the way in whichin which she smiles.I like the way she smiles.我喜欢她笑的样子that与which/whom/whom的区别as与which的区别先行词是the way(1)只用that的情况(2)只用which/whom/whom的情况(1)在限制性定语从句中(2)在非限制性定语从句中关系词用 that 或 in which 或 省略做个小结：关系词的特殊用法