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1、independent词根pend，pens1.=to hang 悬挂2.=to weigh 称重量，称银子，引申为“花费”复数：independents比较级：more independent最高级：most independent派生词：independently adv.independence n.Going away to college has made me much more independent.离家上大学使我变得独立自主得多。focus第三人称单数：focuses现在分词：focusing过去式/adj.：focused过去分词：focusedfocus(sth)(on/
2、upon sb/sth)集中（注意力、精力等于）The discussion focused on three main problems.讨论集中在三个主要问题上。The visit helped to focus world attention on the plight of the refugees.这次访问促使全世界关注难民困境。detail第三人称单数：details复数：detailsdetailed adj.detailedly adv.de 加强+tail 剪，割，切 不断往下切分 细节I cant remember every little detail.我记不住每一个微小
3、的细节as a result ofThese data show that most cancers are detected as a result of clinical follow-up.这些数据表明多数癌症是由临床随访查出的。Many seabirds died as a result of the oil spill.许多海鸟死于这次石油泄漏。tip第三人称单数：tips复数：tipstip(on/for sth)tip(on/for doing sth)指点；实用的提示handy tips for buying a computer购买电脑几点有用的提示useful tips o
4、n how to save money几个省钱的窍门儿base词根 bas=low,foundation 低,下；基础第三人称单数：bases复数：bases派生词：basely adv.based adj.base sth on/upon sth以为基础（或根据）What are you basing this theory on?你这种理论的根据是什么？remindreminder n.remind sb of sb/sth使想起（类似的人、地方、事物等）You remind me of your father when you say that.你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。stic
5、k toStick to your principles and tell him you wont do it.要恪守自己的原则，告诉他你绝不会干的。proposal复数：proposalspro 前+pos 放，放置+al 表行为 向前放 提议propose v.proposed adj.(for sth)|(to do sth)|(that)提议；建议；动议They judged that the time was right for the proposal of new terms for the trade agreement.他们判断，提出贸易协定新条款的时机成熟了。aim第三人
6、称单数：aims复数：aimsaim for以为目标aim to旨在aim at旨在；瞄准style第三人称单数：styles复数：styles同义词：modelstyle sth/yourself on sth/sb模仿的风格（或举止、外观）a coffee bar styled on a Parisian cafe仿照巴黎咖啡馆而设计的一家咖啡馆technique词根techn(o)=art,skill 技艺,技术复数：techniquestechnical adj.technically adv.His technique is almost perfect.他的技巧近乎完美。Their
7、 technique is simple enough:they smile at people.他们所需要的技能很简单：微笑对人。workshop复数：workshopsPlease take this study material with you to the workshop.你顺便把这份学习材料带到车间去吧。The training programme takes the form of a series of workshops.培训课程采取一系列研讨会的形式。professional复数：professionalsMost of the people on the course
8、were professional women.参加本课程的大多数人是职业女性。material复数：materials派生词：materially adv.All the materials used were of the highest grade.使用的材料全是优质品。These are considered to be symbols of success on the material level.人们认为，这些东西代表着物质层面的成功。poster复数：posters前缀 post-1.后，后面 2.邮政secondary复数：secondaries派生词：secondly ad
9、v.(to sth)次要的；从属的；辅助的Raising animals was only secondary to other forms of farming.与其他农业生产相对而言，动物饲养只是副业。exchange第三人称单数：exchanges复数：exchanges现在分词：exchanging过去式/adj：exchanged过去分词：exchangedWe need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information.我们需要促进思想和信息的公开交流。host第三人称单数：hosts复数：hosts of sb/sth许多；
10、大量a host of possibilities多种可能性biology复数：biologies词根：bio,bi=life 生命；生物biological adj.biologically adv.This is one of the most exciting developments in biology in recent years.这是近年来生物学上令人振奋的发展之一。toughn.粗暴的人;暴徒;恶棍v.坚持;忍受，忍耐adv.强硬地;顽强地第三人称单数：toughs复数：toughs比较级：tougher最高级：toughest派生词：toughen v.toughness
11、n.tough sth out坚持；挨过Youre just going to have to tough it out.你只好硬着头皮撑到底了。difficult adj.困难的，不易的指因需要努力或技巧而难以做成、理解或处理的。tough adj.难办的，棘手的，费力的因存在或将会引发问题等而难以完成或处理的，尤指在情感上难以抉择的。alarm第三人称单数：alarms复数：alarmsalarmed adj.alarm bells ring警钟敲响Could I have an alarm call at 5.30 tomorrow,please?请在明天早晨5:30打电话叫醒我好吗？c
12、ontribution复数：contributionscontribute v.contribution与以下词性连用adj.important contribution 重要的贡献（或捐款）v.make a contribution 做出贡献；捐款These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents.这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要的作用。fortunately同义词：luckily反义词：unfortunately比较级：more fortunately最高级：most
13、 fortunatelyfortune n.fortunate adj.Fortunately he was sent to the hospital in time.If he had been delayed half an hour,he would have not been still alive.多亏及时送医院，再晚半小时他就没希望了。over timeThe method for making beer has changed over time.制造啤酒的方法随时间的流逝而改变。Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to
14、remain in their positions over time?一旦人们开始志愿工作,是什么导致他们长期留在自己的岗位上呢?option第三人称单数：options复数：options同义词:choice opportunity词根：opt=to choose 选择optimize v.You would do well to consider all the options before buying.你购买之前最好对各种选择都考虑一下。butterVERB 给抹上黄油；涂黄油于butter up奉承；巴结；讨好She buttered four thick slices of bread.她用黄油涂了四片厚面包。pudding复数：puddingsattract词根 tract=to draw 拉,拖前缀 at-加在同辅音字母的词根前,表加强attractive adj.attraction n.sb(to sb/sth)吸引；使喜爱；引起的好感What first attracted me to her was her sense of humour.她首先吸引我的是她的幽默感。rugby英式橄榄叫rugby，15人制，进入奥运会的是7人制。美式橄榄是Amearican football，是11人制。