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1、Unit 1 ArtDiscover useful structuresLearning objectivesAt the end of this lesson,I will be able to:discoverandsummarizethepragmaticfeaturesandfunctionalmeaningofinfinitivesasthepredicative;realize language output by correctly using the grammaticalstructureofinfinitives.Recognizing the target structu
2、rewaypurposeaimWhat they attempted to do MatchingACGBFHIE1.结构结构 动词不定式可以放在be,become,sound,taste等_后面作表语。2.功能功能 Perhaps _ thedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.也许，了解西方艺术的最好方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。_ yourfatherforhisopinion.我的建议是问问你父亲的意见。Infinitives as the predicative系动词系动词the best way to understa
3、nd Western art is to look at What I would suggest is to askDiscover and FindFunction1.表示将来或预计Idontknowwhatistohappentousifwegoonlikethis.如果我们这样下去,我不知道我们会发生什么事。IwenttohavealookattheroomwhereIwastotalkthatafternoon.我去看了一下那个房间,那天下午我要在那里讲话。Function2.表示目的Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisreq
4、uired.下一步你要弄清楚真正需要的是什么。Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.教育的目的是发展孩子们美好的品格。Function3.表示计划或意图Theyaretobemarriednextweek.他们打算下周结婚。Theyaretofinishtheworkbeforethemanagercomesback.他们计划在经理回来前完成工作。注意:该结构也可用于条件状语从句。IfImtobethereontime,Imustleaveatonce.如果我要想准时赶到那儿,我就必须马上动身。Function4.
5、表示命令或规定Visitorsaretoleavewhenthebellrings.来访者必须在铃响时离开。YouaretofinishyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。Shecangototheparty,butshesnottobebacklate.她可以去参加聚会,但不能晚归。Practice判断下列动词不定式作表语的用法(1)Inthiswork,Monetsaimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene.(2)Thebestitemontheprogrammeisstilltocome.(3)A
6、ssheisamiddleschoolstudent,sheistobeinclassat7oclockinthemorning.(4)Theyaretofinishtheworkbeforethemanagercomesback.表示目的表示将来表示规定表示计划或意图 Infinitives as the predicative动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语Tip 1：主语是以主语是以 _ _ 等等为为中中心心的的名名词词词词组组时时，或或者者以以 _表示时，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。表示时，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。difficulty,experience,ha
7、bit,job,method,principle,problem,reason,risk,role,task,thing,wish,aim,suggestion,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,purpose,wayadvice,ambition,custom,challenge,business,desire,有时，根据表达的需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问有时，根据表达的需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括副词，包括what,who,how,when,where等。等。例如：例如：The problem was how to
8、 begin.what引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句Discover and Find Allhewantedwas _.他只想一个人待着。TheleastIcandotohelpis _.我所能帮的最起码的事是借给她一辆车。Infinitives as the predicativeTip 2：当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词_或者主语被_或形容词_修饰时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。to be left alone to lend her a car allonly,first,one,least最高级最高级Discover and Find Infinitives as
9、the predicative Theregulationsare_.=Theregulationsmustbeobserved.Youare_.=Youshouldberewarded.Tip 3：动词不定式作表语可用于被动语态，相当于_，具有情态意义。to be observed to be rewardedcan/could,should,ought to,mustDiscover and Find Infinitives as the predicativeYoumustbepatientandpersistentifyouare_.(愿望)如果你想成功，你必须有耐心和恒心。Youar
10、e_aface-to-facetalkwiththem.(劝告)你必须得和他们进行一次面对面的谈话。Tip 4：动词不定式作表语可表示“_”等。意愿、禁止、意愿、禁止、预期的结果预期的结果to succeed to haveDiscover and Find同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、愿望、愿望、Infinitives as the predicative Whois_thefire?谁应为这场大火承担责任？Thehouseis_.此房出租。Tip 5：某些动词不定式(短语)作表语时，需用主动形式表示_。to blame for to let被动意义被动意义Dis
11、cover and Find Infinitives as the predicative1.我们需要做的就是怀有希望过好每一天。我们需要做的就是怀有希望过好每一天。_2.他们试图做的是引起公众关注。他们试图做的是引起公众关注。_3.晚上他做过的唯一的事是读报纸。晚上他做过的唯一的事是读报纸。_动词不定式作表语省略动词不定式作表语省略to的情况的情况 All we need to do is live each day with hope.What they attempted to do wasdrawpublicattention.Intheeveningthe only thing he
12、 did wasreadthenewspaper.动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语时，一般情况下作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号不定式符号to不能省略不能省略，但当，但当主主句主语部分含有实义动词句主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，的某种形式时，可可省略作表语的动词不定式省略作表语的动词不定式（短语）里的不定式符号（短语）里的不定式符号to:Practicetofinishtohavegonetomaketomake1.Theimportantthingis(finish)theworkontime.2.Theenginejustwontstart.Somethingseems(go)
13、wrongwithit.3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,not(make)itmoredifficult.4.(2020浙江卷)Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisis(make)sureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighbourshould.5.WhatIwouldsuggestis(put)offthemeeting.toput Infinitives as the predicative1.动词不定式和动词不定式和v-ing作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，作表语时，要
14、注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主语为即若句子的主语为v-ing，则表语也应使用，则表语也应使用v-ing；若主语为动词不定式，则；若主语为动词不定式，则表语也应使用动词不定式。表语也应使用动词不定式。Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.动词不定式作表语和动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区别作表语的区别2.动词不定式和动词不定式和v-ing作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外:(1)当动词所表达的是当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为的行为时，通
15、常用时，通常用动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语。Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.Infinitives as the predicative动词不定式作表语和动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区别作表语的区别(2)若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing作表语。作表语。Myfavoritesportisswimming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt i
16、nclude women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部待选部分是一个作定语、修饰分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语的后置分词短语;再根据再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词对于动词 play 来说只来说只能是被动承受能是被动承受,且已完成且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。因此因此,该题应选该题应选C。2.Whats the language _ in Ge
17、rmany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 简析简析:该题应选该题应选B。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句 which is spoken。3.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 简析简析:该题应选该题应选A。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从
18、句who were invited。4.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词短语。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非可以用非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。代替。5.The first textbooks _ for teaching Englis
19、h as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句which were written。6.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied
20、简析简析:很显然很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie来来说说,只能是被动承受。因此只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选该题应选D。另外另外,分词作状语时分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独需要独立主格结构或立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。复合结构来替代。(此时此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。补足语。)7.When _ if she would reques
21、t a rise,the actress said that money was not important.A.asked B.asking C.having asked D.being asked8.Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it.A.advertises B.advertising C.advertised D.to advertiseRewrite the following sentences wit
22、h the past participle as attributive.1.Lets try the bookstore that was opened last month.Lets try the bookstore opened last month.Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it.Yesterday,the President went to visit the retired workers.2.Nine out of ten women who were intervie
23、wed about the product said they liked it.3.Yesterday,the President went to visit the workers who had retired.4.He worked as a worker building roads.(主动主动)=He worked as a worker who/that built roads.5.This is a picture painted by my father.(被动被动)=This is a picture which was painted by my father.6.I k
24、now the young man sleeping on the bench.(在进行在进行)=I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.7.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.(已完成已完成)=The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using the past participle as the a
25、ttribute or predicative.1.I found this plate on the floor.The plate was broken in pieces.I found this broken plate on the floor.2.I saw a tall,dark and handsome man.His name is Xiao Ming.I saw a tall,dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming.3.I looked at that modem abstract(抽象抽象)painting.It was colore
26、d in yellows and greens.I looked at that modem abstract painting colored in yellows and greens.4.Yesterday I got the answer to my question on the internet.It was the one I expected.Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question on the internet.5.She is one of my friends.She is devoted to my inte
27、rests.She is my friend devoted to my interests.6.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles.They were marked in green ink.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles labelled in green ink.7.We saw many windows in that room.They were all cracked.We saw many cracked windows in that room.1.I like reading th
28、e novels _(write)by Zhang Ailing.2.The girl _(write)a letter in the study is my cousin.3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _(repair).writtenwritingrepairedFilling in the blanks.4.I want the doors of my new house _(paint)white.5.There was a _(surprise)look on his face.6.He was _(excite)at the good news.7.The story was so _(move)that he was _(move)to tears.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmovedHomework1.Finish Ex.1 in Using Structures(P62 Workbook)