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1、高三英语总复习基础部分高三英语总复习基础部分语法讲解篇语法讲解篇2.5高中英语常用语法高中英语常用语法非谓语动词非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。动词。非谓语动词的基本形式分为三种非谓语动词的基本形式分为三种:todo;doing;done。根据非谓语动词在句中担当的成分根据非谓语动词在句中担当的成分,可归纳为以下要点可归纳为以下要点:一、作主语一、作主语(通常为通常为doing,或或todo形式形式)表一般情况时用表一般情况时用doing,具体一次性动作用具体一次性动作用todo。固定句型固定句型:1.Itta
2、kessb.sometimetodosth.某人花费时某人花费时间做某事间做某事Ittookustwohourstofinishthejob.2.Itis+形容词形容词+for/ofsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事对某人来说做某事/某人做某事某人做某事Itisimpossibleforustogetthereontime.Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.3.Itisnousedoingsth.做某事无用做某事无用Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.二、作宾语二、作宾语1.介词介词+doingbeusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事习惯做
3、某事beaccustomedtodoingsth.习惯做某事习惯做某事bedevotedtodoingsth.致力于做某事致力于做某事devoteoneselftodoingsth.致力于做某事致力于做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事盼望做某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事反对做某事2.只能接不定式作宾语的动词只能接不定式作宾语的动词:汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1.想要做某事想要做某事wanttodosth.2.希望做某事希望做某事hope/wishtodosth.3.决心做某事决心做某事determinetodosth.4.决定做某事决定做某事d
4、ecide/choosetodosth.6.要求做某事要求做某事begtodosth.7.拒绝做某事拒绝做某事refusetodosth.8.同意做某事同意做某事agreetodosth.9.允诺做某事允诺做某事promisetodosth.10.计划做某事计划做某事plantodosth.11.打算做某事打算做某事intendtodosth.12.准备做某事准备做某事preparetodosth.13.安排做某事安排做某事arrangetodosth.14.成功做某事成功做某事managetodosth.15.渴望做某事渴望做某事longtodosth.16.目的在做某事目的在做某事aimt
5、odosth.17.碰巧做某事碰巧做某事happentodosth.18.没能做成某事没能做成某事failtodosth.5.主动提出做某事主动提出做某事offertodosth.19.犹豫做某事犹豫做某事hesitatetodosth.20.愿意做某事愿意做某事wouldlike/lovetodosth.21.迫不及待做某事迫不及待做某事cantwaittodosth.22.不遗余力做某事不遗余力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.23.尽力做某事尽力做某事tryonesbesttodosth.24.渴望做某事渴望做某事beeagertodosth.25.急于做某事急于做某事be
6、anxioustodosth.26.应该做某事应该做某事besupposedtodosth.27.负担得起做某事负担得起做某事affordtodosth.28.假装做某事假装做某事pretendtodosth.3.只能接动名词的动词或短语只能接动名词的动词或短语:汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1.喜爱做某事喜爱做某事enjoydoingsth.2.完成做某事完成做某事finishdoingsth.3.讨厌做某事讨厌做某事dislikedoingsth.4.介意做某事介意做某事minddoingsth.5.练习做某事练习做某事practicedoingsth.6.持续做某事持续做某事keepd
7、oingsth.7.允许做某事允许做某事permit/allowdoingsth.8.承认做某事承认做某事admitdoingsth.9.考虑做某事考虑做某事considerdoingsth.10.建议做某事建议做某事suggest/advisedoingsth.11.避免做某事避免做某事avoiddoingsth.12.推迟做某事推迟做某事delaydoingsth.13.逃脱做某事逃脱做某事escapedoingsth.14.禁止做某事禁止做某事forbid/prohibitdoingsth.15.想象做某事想象做某事imaginedoingsth.16.提及做某事提及做某事mention
8、doingsth.17.错过做某事错过做某事missdoingsth.18.阻止做某事阻止做某事preventdoingsth.19.理解做某事理解做某事understanddoingsth.20.否认做某事否认做某事denydoingsth.21.想做某事想做某事feellikedoingsth.22.放弃做某事放弃做某事giveupdoingsth.23.推迟做某事推迟做某事putoffdoingsth.24.继续做某事继续做某事carryondoingsth.25.反复做某事反复做某事keepondoingsth.26.坚持做某事坚持做某事insistondoingsth.27.忙于做某
9、事忙于做某事bebusydoingsth.28.值得做某事值得做某事sth.beworthdoing29.不能忍受做某事不能忍受做某事cantstand/beardoingsth.30.感激做某事感激做某事appreciatedoingsth.4.接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语:汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1.停止做某事停止做某事stopdoingsth.8.停下来去做某停下来去做某事事stoptodosth.2.试着做某事试着做某事trydoingsth.9.努力做某事努力做某事trytodosth.3.意
10、味着做某意味着做某事事meandoingsth.10.打算做某事打算做某事meantodosth.4.忘记做过某忘记做过某事事forgetdoingsth.11.忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forgettodosth.5.后悔做过某后悔做过某事事regretdoingsth.12.遗憾要做某事遗憾要做某事 regrettodosth.6.继续做同一继续做同一件事件事goondoingsth.13.接着做另一件接着做另一件事事goontodosth.7.情不自禁做情不自禁做某事某事canthelpdoingsth.14.不能帮助做某不能帮助做某事事canthelptodosth.三、作定语三、作定
11、语1.位于抽象名词后的非谓语动词用位于抽象名词后的非谓语动词用todo形式形式,这类词有这类词有ability,chance,way等。等。Weshouldfindawaytosolvetheproblem.2.序数词序数词(+名词名词)后用不定式作定语。后用不定式作定语。Heisthefirsttocomeandlasttogo.3.havesomethingtodo有事要做。有事要做。Shecantgotothepartywithus,forshehasworktodo.四、作状语四、作状语1.be+形容词形容词+todo,形容词后用形容词后用todo作状语。作状语。Sheisnoteas
12、ytopleaseashermother.2.作目的、结果状语作目的、结果状语,表目的和结果。其中表目的和结果。其中onlytofind,onlytodo等表示出人意料的结果。等表示出人意料的结果。Sheprepareswellfortheexamtogetabetterresult.Shecametothestationhurriedly,onlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.3.作伴随状语作伴随状语,根据与句中主语的关系根据与句中主语的关系,主动用主动用doing,被动用被动用done。Jamessatintheemptyrestaurant,feelingfrust
13、rated.Followedbyhisdog,Mr.Smithwenthome.五、作补语五、作补语1.感官动词感官动词(see,watch,observe,hear等等)后补语有三种形式后补语有三种形式,以以see为例为例:seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事看到某人正在做某事seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事的全过程看到某人做某事的全过程seesth.done看到某事被做看到某事被做2.使役动词的补语使役动词的补语,let/make/havesb.dosth.让某人做某事让某人做某事;但是被动语态中省略的不定式但是被动语态中省略的不定式to需还原需还原,即即sb.ismad
14、etodosth.。主动主动:Theboymadehislittlesistercry.被动被动:Theboyssisterwasmadetocrybyhim.3.不定式作宾补的固定搭配不定式作宾补的固定搭配:汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1.求某人做某事求某人做某事asksb.todosth.2.邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事invitesb.todosth.3.让某人做某事让某人做某事tellsb.todosth.4.提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事remindsb.todosth.5.鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.6.激励某人做某事激励某人做某事insp
15、iresb.todosth.7.督促某人做某事督促某人做某事urgesb.todosth.8.要求某人做某事要求某人做某事requiresb.todosth.9.建议某人做某事建议某人做某事advisesb.todosth.10.说服某人做某事说服某人做某事convince/persuadesb.todosth.11.强迫某人做某事强迫某人做某事forcesb.todosth.12.允诺某人做某事允诺某人做某事promisesb.todosth.13.警告某人做某事警告某人做某事warnsb.todosth.14.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事allow/permitsb.todosth.15.
16、禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事forbid/prohibitsb.todosth.16.希望某人做某事希望某人做某事wish/expectsb.todosth.17.想要某人做某事想要某人做某事want/wouldlikesb.todosth.18.等某人做某事等某人做某事waitforsb.todosth.19.号召某人做某事号召某人做某事callonsb.todosth.非谓语动词专项练习非谓语动词专项练习一、单句填空一、单句填空,用所给词汇的适当形式填空。用所给词汇的适当形式填空。1.Theysignedanagreement(expand)thetradebetweenthetwocou
17、ntries.toexpand2.Theroomistoosmall(hold)onehundredpeople.3.Heworkedsohardthathegothispay_(raise).4.Thebuilding(build)nowwillbeusedasahospital.5.(discuss)manytimes,theproblemwassolvedatlast.6.WhenIgotthere,Ifoundhim(repair)farmtools.toholdraisedbeingbuiltHavingbeendiscussedrepairing7.Theworkershadthe
18、machines(run)allnightlongtofinishtheworkontime.8.Youllwastetime(talk)tohim;hewouldntlistentoyou.9.WearelookingforwardtoMarys(come).10.Thesentenceneeds_(improve).11.(1)Wedontallow(smoke)inthereadingroom.(2)Wedontallowthem(smoke)inthereadingroom.runningtalkingcomingimproving(tobeimproved)smokingtosmok
19、e12.(1)(work)hardandyoullmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.(2)(work)hard,youllmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.13.(1)Thisisanimportantletter.Dontforget_(post)itthisafternoon.(2)Dontlookfortheletter.Youmusthaveforgotten(post)itthisafternoon.14.(1)Iregret(tell)youthatyourmotherisabsentinBei
20、jing.WorkWorkingtopostpostingtotell(2)Idontregret(tell)herwhatIthoughtevenifitmighthaveupsether.15.(1)Thecomputercenter,(build)lastnight,isverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.(2)Thecomputercenter,(build)now,willbeverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.(3)Thecomputercenter,(build)nextyear,willbeve
21、rypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.tellingbuiltbeingbuilttobebuilt16.(1)Weareconsidering(set)upanewfactoryhereinthistown.(2)Weareconsideringhow(set)upanewfactoryhereinthistown.17.(1)Weather(permit),Illgooutforanouting.(2)Iftheweather(permit),Illgooutforanouting.18.(1)Hehadnochoicebut(read)aloudthe
22、textintheclassroom.settingtosetpermittingpermitstoread(2)Hedidnothingbut(read)aloudthetextintheclassroom.19.(1)Doyouknowtheboywhois(lie)underthebigtree?(2)Thosebooks,whichare(lay)onthedeskbyMary,belongtoJohn.20.(1)Yourwordsareso(encourage)thatallthepupilsare(encourage)toworkhard.(2)Yourtasknowishow(
23、encourage)thepupilstoworkhard.readlyinglaidencouragingencouragedtoencourage21.(1)(see)fromthehill,theparkseemsmorebeautiful.(2)(see)fromthehill,youllfindtheparkmorebeautiful.(3)(see)fromthehill,andyoullfindtheparkmorebeautiful.22.(1)(follow)bysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.(2)(follow)others,
24、Johncameintothehall,too.SeenSeeingSeeFollowedFollowing23.(1)Theman(call)Zhaosanusedtolivehere.(2)Theman(call)himselfZhaosanusedtolivedhere.24.(1)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.(2)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenightand_(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.called
25、callingpreparingprepared二、改错题。二、改错题。1.Alotofmoneyhasbeenspenttobuythebook.2.Youwillhavetopaythecostofsendapostcard.3.Whathedidwaspuzzled.4.Iwillspendaweekreadingandpreparefortheexamination.将将tobuy改为改为buying(spend.doing。)将将send改为改为sending(介词介词of后要求用动名词作宾语。后要求用动名词作宾语。)将将puzzled改为改为puzzling(puzzling表示表
26、示“令人疑惑不解令人疑惑不解的的”的意思。的意思。)将将prepare改为改为preparing(preparing和前面的和前面的reading是并列结构。是并列结构。)5.CharlesandLindadoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuildings.6.YesterdayIhadmybadtoothpullingout.7.Heardhersingasong,Iwasdeeplymoved.8.Imadeaterriblemistake.Iregrettednottotakeyouradvice.将将climbed改为改为climbing(aswell
27、as是介词短语是介词短语,后面后面接动名词或名词。接动名词或名词。)将将pulling改为改为pulled(havethetoothpulledout表示表示“请人拔牙请人拔牙”的意思。的意思。)将将Heard改为改为Hearing(与主语与主语I是主动关系是主动关系,作状语。作状语。)将将totake改为改为taking(用动名词表示后悔做过某事。用动名词表示后悔做过某事。)9.Whenwereachedthetopofthemountain,westoppedhavingarestbeforewewentdownthemountain.10.Therellbeagoodfilmtonigh
28、t,rememberseeingitontime!11.Thegamewasover,shewenthome.12.Whenspeaking,youmustmakeyourselfhear.将将having改为改为tohave(stop的目的是的目的是havearest。)将将seeing改为改为tosee(还未看电影。还未看电影。)将将was改为改为being(独立主格结构。独立主格结构。)将将hear改为改为heard(makeoneselfheard意为意为“使别人使别人听到自己的话听到自己的话”。)13.ShepretendednotseeingmewhenIcamein.14.Abr
29、ahamLincolnwasconsideredbeingoneofthegreatestofallAmericanpresidents.15.Followingbytheofficers,thegeneralinspectedthearmy.16.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer,anditneedsrepaired.将将seeing改为改为tosee(pretend后面要求接不定式作宾语。后面要求接不定式作宾语。)将将being改为改为tobe(consider后用不定式作宾补。后用不定式作宾补。)将将Following改为改为Followed(过去分
30、词表被动。过去分词表被动。)将将repaired改为改为repairing(动名词主动形式动名词主动形式,表被动意义。表被动意义。)17.Dontburnthefallingleavesontheground.18.Losinginthought,healmostranintoacarinfrontofhim.19.Ienjoytolistentotheclassicmusic.20.Judgebywhathewears,heisafarmer.将将falling改为改为fallen(过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,强调动作的完成。强调动作的完成。)将将Losing改为改为Lost(belostinthought表示表示“陷入深思陷入深思”的意思。的意思。)将将tolisten改为改为listening(enjoy后面用动名词作宾语。后面用动名词作宾语。)将将Judge改为改为Judging(judgingby.为一固定说法。为一固定说法。)