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1、选修九选修九Unit 4Exploring plants 1.1.课前自测课前自测2.2.课堂学案课堂学案词汇接龙 1._(n.植物学家)_(adj.植物的；植物学的)2._(vt.&vi.灌溉；冲洗)_(n.灌溉)_(n.灌溉车；灌溉设备)3._(vt.限制；约束)_(n.限制；约束)_(adj.拘束的；限制的)4._(n.流利；流畅)_(adj.流利的；流畅的)_(adv.流利地；通畅地)5._(vt.给授粉)_(n.虫媒；传粉者)_n.授粉(作用)6._(adj.芬芳的；香的)_(adv.芬芳地；愉快地)_(n.芬芳；香味；香水)课前自测课前自测 Key:1.botanist;botan
2、ical2.irrigate;irrigation;irrigator3.restrict;restriction;restrictive4.fluency;fluent;fluently5.pollinate;pollinator;pollination6.fragrant;fragrantly;fragrance词汇接龙 7._(vt.降低；跌落；减弱)_(adj.低的；矮小的；沮丧的；下贱的 adv.低声地；谦卑地；底下地)8._(vt.&vi.发展；进展；进化)_(n.进化；发展；演变)_(adj.进化的；演变的)9._(adj.紧的；紧密的 adv.紧紧地；彻底地)_(adv.紧紧地
3、；坚固地)_(vt.使变紧；使更牢固)10._(vt.容纳；包含；抑制；克制)_(n.容器；集装箱)_(adj.泰然自若的；从容的；被控制的)Key:7.lower;low8.evolve;evolution;evolutionary9.tight;tightly;tighten10.contain;container;contained词块互译1.追溯到很久以前 _ the earliest times2.热衷于收集新的植物 take great interest _ collecting new plants3._ take the opportunity of going on bota
4、nical expeditions4._ record the plant they come across5.使植物存活 keep plants _6._ develop his fluency in Chinese7._ value the study of the natural sciences8.一种吸引他的树 a tree that _ him9.附着在动物身上 become/be _ animals10._ increase the chances of survivalKey:1.date back to2.in3.借机进行植物探索活动4.把他们所见到的植物记录下来5.aliv
5、e6.使自己汉语讲得流利7.重视自然科学的研究8.appeals to9.attached to10.增加生存的机会句型补全 1.Many ancient civilizations saw the value of _ from distant lands.许多古代文明都懂得把植物从遥远的地方带回来的价值。(介宾结构)2.In 1769,Banks collected vast quantities of plants in the land now _ Australia.1769年，班克斯在如今叫做澳大利亚的地方收集了大量的植物。(过去分词短语作后置定语)3._ during long
6、land or sea voyages was an enormous challenge.使植物在陆地上或海上远距离航行时存活下来是一个巨大的挑战。(动词-ing形式作主语)4.So pollination takes place,therefore _ of the survival of the plant species.这样通过授粉，就增加了植物物种生存的机会。(动词-ing形式作结果状语)Key:1.bringing back plants2.known as3.Keeping plants alive4.increasing the chances 课文回顾课文回顾Key:1.t
7、heir2.is rewarded3.attached4.and5.increasing6.depends7.as8.butterflies9.with10.to guide 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Over time,many flowering plants and _1_(they)animal pollinators have evolved together.The plant needs the animal to pollinate it and the animal _2_(reward)with food called nect
8、ar when it visits the flowers.Pollen becomes _3_(attach)to the animal during its visit to a flower _4_ is then passed on to another plants blossom on its next visit.So pollination takes place,therefore _5_(increase)the chances of the survival of the plant species.The type of pollinator _6_(depend)on
9、 the characteristics of the flower such _7_ its colour,shape,size and smell.For example,yellow flowers attract bees,while red flowers attract _8_(butterfly).The nectar in some flowers can only be reached by a bird _9_ a long bill or a long-tongued moth or butterfly.Flowers that attract bees often ha
10、ve a special pattern _10_(guide)the bees to the nectar inside.课课堂学案堂学案1.conflict vi.冲突；抵触；争执冲突；抵触；争执 n.冲突；矛盾；斗争冲突；矛盾；斗争 1.Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions,often facing many dangers including disease,near-starvation,severe environments and conflicts with the loca
11、l people.勇敢的年轻人借机进行植物探索活动，他们常常面临许多危险，如疾病、饥饿、恶劣的环境及同当地居民的冲突。2.Mary often comes into conflict with her sister.玛丽经常和她妹妹产生矛盾。3.Your words conflict with the police evidence.你的话和警方的证据相矛盾。【词块助记词块助记】avoid a conflict 避免冲突resolve a conflict 解决争端political conflict 政治分歧conflict of interest(s)利益/利害冲突(in)conflict
12、 with 与有分歧/冲突come into conflict with 与发生冲突/产生矛盾/战斗conflict among/between 之间的矛盾冲突【构词】conflicting adj.冲突的；相矛盾的；不一致的 1.John often comes into a conflict with his boss.2.She found _(she)in conflict with her parents over her future career.Key：1.去掉a2.herself 2.scale n.刻度；等级；规模；音阶；量程；磅秤刻度；等级；规模；音阶；量程；磅秤 vt.
13、&vi.衡量；攀登；依比例决定衡量；攀登；依比例决定 1.(2013上海卷)Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are far apart on the musical scale.这些天生不喜欢听音乐的人只有在两个音符相差较多音阶时才听得出差别所在。2.(2013上海卷)Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale.伍德说该设计为研究飞行器提供了一种全新的方法并能使其
14、规模控制到昆虫一般大小。3.The force of the wind is measured on a standard scale of 0-12.风力是按0-12级标准等级测量的。4.They are determined to spare no efforts to scale the peaks in science and technology.他们决心全力攀登科技高峰。production scale 生产规模full scale 全尺寸；完全的on a large/small scale 大规模地/小规模地scale up/down 按比例增加/减少【词块助记词块助记】1.In
15、 recent years university graduates are stepping into society _ a large scale,_ arouses much concern.2.The company began to scale up its _(operate)in Asia.Key：1.on;which2.operation【词块助记词块助记】3.restriction n.限制；约束限制；约束 1.(2014江苏卷)The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can de
16、vote to something,so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time.我们在利用资源方面的最大限制是在一件事上所能投入的时间有限，因此我们寻求在时间投入上的利益最大化。2.The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。import/export restrictions 进口/出口限制credit restriction 信用限额restriction factor 制约因素pla
17、ce/impose a restriction on sth.对实行限制restrictto 把限制/控制在【构词】restrict vt.限制；束缚；妨碍；约束 restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的 restricted adj.有限的；受限制的 1.For the first month,patients are restricted _ two cigarettes a day.2.People flooded to a local auto market on Sunday,a day before the city imposed _(restrict)on the pu
18、rchase of vehicles.Key：1.to2.restrictions【词块助记词块助记】4.postpone vt.延迟；推迟延迟；推迟 1.(2012江苏卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.下午两点左右传来会议将被推迟的通知。2.Lets postpone making a decision until we have more information.让我们获取更多情报以后再做决定也不迟。postpone the meeting 推迟会议postpo
19、ne a payment 延期支付postpone doing sth.推迟做某事postpone sth.(to/till)将某事延期/推迟(到)postpone temporarily 临时延期【构词】postponed adj.延期的；推迟的 1.My parents suggested to postponing our visit to the pyramids because we didnt have enough money.2.It was _ unpopular decision to postpone _(build)the new hospital.Key：1.去掉to
20、2.an;building 5 tight adj.紧的；牢固的；紧凑的；没空的紧的；牢固的；紧凑的；没空的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地紧紧地；牢固地 1.(2014全国卷)Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule.这里有三个诀窍让你在紧凑繁忙的生活中仍能烹饪出佳品。2.(2012上海卷)I have a tight budget for the trip,so Im not going to fly unless the airlines lower ticket prices.这次旅行我手头很紧，所以除非机票降价否则我是
21、不会乘坐飞机的。3.My son holds tight to my hand every time we walk in the dark street.每次走在黑暗的街上，儿子都紧紧地抓住我的手。a tight knot/coat/boat 死结/紧身上衣/不漏水的船be on a tight schedule 紧凑的日程安排tight budget 手头很紧；预算很紧be tight with sth.在上吝啬in a tight corner 处于困境【词块助记词块助记】【拓展】tighten vt.(使)变紧；更加牢固；加强 1.That coat looks tightly,but
22、 she really loves it.2.(2012福建卷改编)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats _ being attacked.Key：1.tightly改为tight2.from 6.bring back 带回；回忆起；使恢复带回；回忆起；使恢复(状态状态)1.The song brings back happy memories of my childhood.这首歌使我想起了快乐的童年。2.(2015陕西卷)T
23、he production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.咖啡豆的生产是一笔利润很高的生意，但不幸的是，把咖啡种在旷野上的生产方式正大行其道并且带来很大的伤害。3.(2015陕西卷)Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down t
24、heir school grades.那些帮助孩子完成家庭作业的家长也许反而会让孩子的学习成绩下降。4.(2014江西卷)Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there.医生被授以最前沿的技术以使那里的人们重现光明。【头脑风暴头脑风暴】bring about 引起；导致bring back to life 使苏醒；使生动/活泼bring down 使掉下或倒下；击败；降价；使落到(某种地步)bring in 收获；赚钱；引进bring out 呈现出；出版；使清楚/明显bring u
25、p 养育；提出；呕吐 7.give out 分发；发出分发；发出(光、热光、热)；公布；耗尽；用完；公布；耗尽；用完 1.Just as I approached the finish line,my legs finally gave out.就在我快到终点时，双腿彻底跑不动了。2.(2013辽宁卷)We have given away half of what we owned through websites.我们已通过网络捐出我们拥有的一半物品。3.Living here has given me back my health.在这里居住使我恢复了健康。4.She gave forth
26、 the same view at the meeting.她在会议上发表了同样的观点。5.The argument went on for hours as neither side would give in.因为双方都不肯让步，争论持续了几个小时。6.The chimney gives off a lot of harmful gases.烟囱放出大量的有害气体。【头脑风暴头脑风暴】give away 颁发(奖品等)；赠送；泄露(秘密等)give back 归还；恢复give forth 发出；发表give in(to)向屈服；上交give off 发出(气味、光、热等)give up
27、放弃give way to 让位于；让步；给让路【微解析微解析】8.However,it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale.然而，直到然而，直到18和和19世纪人们对植物世界的探索才大规模地展开。世纪人们对植物世界的探索才大规模地展开。It is/was not untilthat是强调句型，表示“直到才”，被强调部分是not until 后表示时间的短语或从句。that后的部分要用肯定形
28、式。此外，not until 结构也可放在句首表示强调，此时主句用倒装。【仿写】1._ the son made a phone call home that he abandoned the idea of reporting the missing case to the police.直到他儿子给家里打电话时他才放弃了向警察报告失踪案的想法。2.It was Ma Yuns persistence and innovation _ contributed to his success.正是马云的坚持不懈和创新精神造就了他的成功。Key：1.It was not until2.that【单
29、句改错】3.Not until they left school that they realize how much their teachers loved them.Key：3.that改为did 某同学对珊瑚(coral)很感兴趣，在网上搜集了关于珊瑚的信息后，大有感触，写了如下一篇关于人与珊瑚的文章，请根据中文提示将文章补充完整。1.信不信由你，你的大部分问题也许实际上是对你有帮助的；2.原因是环湖礁旁的珊瑚是生活在静水里的；3.海洋中的珊瑚则经常受到风、浪及暴风雨的考验；4.随着它被挑战被考验，珊瑚也跟着改变和适应；5.在挑战和考验中，我们活下来了！Dont worry if yo
30、u have problems!If youre breathing,you have difficulties.Its the way of life.And _The lagoon(环礁湖)side of the Great Barrier Reef looks pale and lifeless,while the ocean side is lively and colorful._，with no challenge for its survival.It dies early._.It has to fight for survival every day of its life.
31、_.It grows healthy.It grows strong.And it reproduces.Thats how it is with people._！Like coral struck by the waves,we grow.Physical demands can cause us to grow stronger.Mental and emotional stress can produce strength and patience.Spiritual testing can produce strength of character and faithfulness.
32、So,you have problemsno problem!Just tell yourself,“There I grow again！”【写作导航】1.用固定短语believe it or not来表达要点1；2.用the reason is that结构来表达要点2；“静水”表达为still water；3.要点3应表达出动作的反复性，建议使用is constantly being done的结构；4.要点4可用as结构来表达“随着某物也跟着”；5.要点5可用过去分词作状语的结构来表达。Key：believe it or not,most of your problems may actually be good for you The reason is that the coral around the lagoon side is in still water The coral on the ocean side is constantly being tested by wind,waves and storms As it is challenged and tested,it changes and adapts Challenged and tested,we come alive