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1、第九讲第九讲 虚拟语气虚拟语气考点透析1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法。时间if从句动词主句动词与现在事实相反did(be改为were)should/could/mightdo与过去事实相反haddone would havedone 与将来事实可能相反did/should do/were to dowould/coulddo例如：If she were here，everything would be all right.(But she isnt here now.)If you had come five minutes earlier，you would have met the fa
2、mous pop singer.If it were to rain tomorrow，the outing would be cancelled.If you should visit our school tomorrow，you would see how beautiful it is.2wish宾语从句(宾语从句中的动词变化如下表)。时间动词形式例句与现在事实相反的愿望did(be改为were)I wish I were ten years younger.与过去事实相反的愿望had过去分词He wishes he had gone to the concert last night
3、.将来难以实现的愿望would/might/could动词原形The last chance has been lost.How he wishes he could have another chance.3.在非真实条件状语从句中，如果含有were，had，should，可将if省去，将were，had，should放在主语前，构成倒装。例如：(1)What would have happened had Bob walked farther，as far as the river bank?(2)Should I fail this time，I would wait for anoth
4、er chance.4在非真实条件状语从句中，有时条件从句与主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时动词的形式要根据动词所表示的时间来调整。这种非真实条件句叫混合虚拟条件句。例如：(1)If you had worked harder，you wouldnt be afraid of the examination now.(2)If he had followed the doctors advice，he would be quite all right now.5有时假设的情况并不是以条件从句表示，而是通过一些介词短语或上下文等方式表现出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。or，otherwise，
5、with，without，but for(要不是)，under 等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中。例如：(1)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he would have scored a goal.(2)Without electricity human life would be quite different today.(3)Under more favorable conditions，the rice would grow much better.(4)But for your help，I wou
6、ld still be working in the lab now.6情态动词的完成式大多能表示过去的虚拟事实(请参阅“情态动词”)。7在下列句型中动词要用虚拟语气：if it were not for要不是因为，if it had not been for要不是因为，if only要是就好了！(表强烈愿望)(1)If only he were here！要是他在这就好了！(2)If it had not been for the snow，we could have climbed the mountain yesterday.要不是下雪，我们昨天就会去登山。(3)If only he h
7、ad lain quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now.要是他能像医生嘱咐的那样安静地躺着的话，现在他就不会受这么多罪了。8would rather后的从句中，动词要用虚拟语气。如表示与现在的情形相反，动词用过去式；如表示与过去的情形相反，动词用had过去分词。例如：Tom is coming soon，but I would rather he came tomorrow.Jane is crying sadly.I would rather you hadnt told her the bad new
8、s.强化训练强化训练单句填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词或使用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1(2012湖南卷)Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _ time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.2(2012福建卷)We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.(visit)hadwould have visited3(2012陕西卷)If my car _ more
9、 reliable,I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.(be)4(2012浙江卷)Had they known what was coming next,they_ second thoughts.(have)5(2012辽宁卷)Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.(do)6(2012江苏卷)Happy birthday!Thank you!Its the best present I
10、_ for.(wish)had beenmight have haddidcould have wished 7(2012北京卷)We _ the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?(face)8(2012北京卷)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.9(2012天津卷)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _us a ride home.(offer)10(2011陕西卷)I _through that bitter per
11、iod without your generous help.（go）could have facedwerehadnt offeredcouldnt have gone11(2011北京卷)Maybe if I _ science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.（study）12(2011江苏卷)I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials.How unbelievable to
12、 get it back!I mean,someone_ it.（steal）13(2011北京卷)Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.had studiedmight have stolenwerent14(2011安徽卷)What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally,I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.(replace)15(2011福建卷)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I_ it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.（attend）would have attendedwill never be replaced