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1、第七第七讲讲情情态动词态动词和虚和虚拟语拟语气气一、情一、情态动词态动词的基本用法的基本用法情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句must(1)表示禁止表示禁止(用用于否定句于否定句)。You mustnt park here！Its an emergency exit.(2)表必要性，表必要性，意意为为“必必须须”。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now？I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句mustcan和和
2、couldIf you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.(3)表示偏表示偏执执，固，固执执，意，意为为“非得，偏要非得，偏要”。(1)表示表示“能力能力”。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh，you are really his big fan.情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句can和和could(2)表示惊表示惊讶讶，常用在否定，常用在否定句和疑句和疑问问句中。句中。How could you do such a silly thing？(3)表
3、示礼貌地表示礼貌地请请求求别别人做人做某事，意某事，意为为“能，可以能，可以”。This dish is really delicious.Could you please say it in Chinese？Sure，we call it“doufu”(4)cannot.too/enough表示表示“无无论论也不也不过过分分”；“越越越好越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句shall(1)用于第一、第三人用于第一、第三人称疑称疑问问句中，表示句中，表示说话说话人征求人征求对对方的意方的意见见和向和向对对方方请请示
4、。示。Shall I go out for a walk after supper？(2)用于第二、第三人称用于第二、第三人称陈陈述句中，表示述句中，表示说话说话人人给对给对方的命令、警告、方的命令、警告、允允诺诺或威或威胁胁。Will you read me a story，Mummy？OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句may和和might(1)may和和might表示表示“许许可可”、“可能性可能性”、“祝愿祝愿”等意等意义义。May I take this book out
5、 of the reading room？No，you mustnt.You must read it in here.(2)“may as well动词动词原形原形”意意为为“最好，倒最好，倒不如不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句will和和would(1)表示意志、表示意志、意愿和决心。意愿和决心。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night？I wanted
6、 to，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.情情态动态动词词用法用法例句例句will和和would(2)will可以表示一种可以表示一种习习惯惯的的动动作，有作，有“总总是是”或或“总总要要”之意。之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.(3)would可以表示可以表示过过去去的的习惯动习惯动作，比作，比used
7、 to正式，但没有正式，但没有“现现已无已无此此习惯习惯”的含的含义义。When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we would often go to the cinema together.A 2(2014高考江高考江苏苏卷卷)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_ bring me food.Amight BwouldCshould DcouldC 3(2014高考重高考重庆庆卷卷)Ive ordered some pizza，so we _ worry about coo
8、king when we get home tired.Acant Bdare notCneednt Dmay notC 二、情二、情态动词态动词表推表推测测情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句mustmust表示推表示推测时测时只能用只能用于肯定句中，意于肯定句中，意为为“一一定，必定定，必定”，表示十分，表示十分肯定的肯定的语语气气(在疑在疑问问句句中或否定句中要用中或否定句中要用can/could)。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh，sorry.情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句can(1)can用于肯定
9、句中表用于肯定句中表示客示客观观的可能性，意的可能性，意为为“有有时时会会”；(2)用于疑用于疑问问句中可以句中可以表示推表示推测测，意，意为为“可能可能”，有，有时时表示一种惊表示一种惊讶讶的的语语气；气；(3)用于否定句中也可用于否定句中也可以表示推以表示推测测，cant意意为为“不可能不可能”，语语气很气很强强烈。烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he wa
10、s late for the meeting?(2013高考安徽卷高考安徽卷)It couldnt be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.情情态动词态动词用法用法例句例句may/mightshould(1)may/might用于肯定句用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推定的推测测，意，意为为“有可能有可能”；(2)用于否定句中也可以表用于否定句中也可以表示推示推测测，may not意意为为“可可能不能不”，表示一种不太确，
11、表示一种不太确定的定的语语气。气。(2013高考北京卷高考北京卷)You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.Well，I dont know.It might do.should用来表示推用来表示推测时测时意意为为“应该应该”，即含有，即含有“按道理来按道理来说应说应当如此当如此”的意思。的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.1(2014高考
12、江西卷高考江西卷)Life is unpredictable;even the poorest _ become the richest.Ashall BmustCneed Dmight解析：考解析：考查查情情态动词态动词。句意：生活是不可。句意：生活是不可预预料的料的,甚至最甚至最贫穷贫穷的可能的可能变变成最富有的。根据成最富有的。根据unpredictable(不可不可预预料的料的)可知，可知，本本题应该选题应该选might(可能可能)。D 2(2013高高考考天天津津卷卷)No one _be more generous;he has a heart of gold.Acould Bmu
13、st Cdare DneedA 三、情三、情态动词态动词have done情情态动词态动词have done用法用法例句例句must have donemay/might have done表示表示对过对过去已去已经发经发生生的行的行为进为进行推行推测测,意意为为“一定做了某事一定做了某事”。Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk too much at the party last night.表示表示对过对过去已去已发发生行生行为为的推的推测测，意，意为为“也也许许/或或许许已已经经(没有没有)”。一般用于肯。一般用于肯定句或否定
14、句中。定句或否定句中。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.情情态动词态动词have done用法用法例句例句can.havedone/cannot have donecould have done表示表示对过对过去去发发生的行生的行为为的的怀怀疑和不肯定疑和不肯定,通通常用在否定句和疑常用在否定句和疑问问句中。句中。(can换换成成could时语时语气气较较委婉委婉)I cant find him anywhere.Where can he have gone？Th
15、e boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.本来能本来能够够而没而没有做有做(2014高考福建卷高考福建卷)He could have gone on regretting it,as too many of us do.情情态动词态动词have done用法用法例句例句might have doneshould/ought to have done表示本来可能表示本来可能，但，但实际实际上没有上没有发发生的事情。生的事情。You should not sw
16、im in that sea.You might have been eaten by a shark.(1)用于肯定句用于肯定句时时，表示，表示本本该该做某事而做某事而实际实际上未上未做；做；(2)用于否定句用于否定句时时，则则表示不表示不该该做的事反而做的事反而做了。做了。You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.You ought to have returned the book earlier.You ought not to have refused his offer.情情态动词态动词have done用法用法例句例句neednt have
17、done表示做了本来不必去表示做了本来不必去做的事，做的事，“没必要做没必要做而做了而做了”。温馨提示温馨提示didnt need to do表示表示“没没必要做而必要做而实际实际上也没上也没有做某事有做某事”。You neednt have brought the book because Tom has one here.I didnt need to buy the dictionary.I had a copy at home.(2014高考高考陕陕西卷西卷)My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who _ have taken it?Aneed
18、BmustCshould DcouldD一、一、if条件从句中的虚条件从句中的虚拟语拟语气气类别类别用法用法例句例句if引引导导的条的条件从件从句句与与现现在在事事实实相相反反从句从句谓语动词谓语动词：过过去去式式(be用用were)主句主句谓语动词谓语动词：should/would/could/might动词动词原形原形Sorry,I am too busy now.If I had time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.很抱歉，我很抱歉，我现现在在非常忙。若我有非常忙。若我有时间时间，我将一定，我将一定与你外出郊游。与你外出郊游。
19、类别类别用法用法例句例句if引引导导的的条件条件从句从句与与过过去事去事实实相相反反从句从句谓语动词谓语动词：had过过去分去分词词主句主句谓语动词谓语动词：should/would/could/mighthave过过去分去分词词(2013高考北京卷高考北京卷)If we had booked a table earlier，we couldnt be standing here in a queue.如果我如果我们们早早订张订张桌子的桌子的话话,我我们们就不会站在就不会站在这这儿排儿排队队了。了。与将与将来事来事实实相相反反从句从句谓语动词谓语动词：过过去式去式/were不定不定式式/sho
20、uld动词动词原原形主句形主句谓语动词谓语动词：should/would/could/might动词动词原原形形Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.Grace不想不想搬到搬到纽约纽约,因因为为她想如果要是她想如果要是住那里住那里,她将不可能她将不可能经经常地常地见见到她的父母。到她的父母。类别类别用法用法例句例句if引引导导的条的条件从件从句的句的倒装倒装混合混合条件
21、条件句的句的虚虚拟拟语语气气如果在表示虚如果在表示虚拟语拟语气的气的条件句中含有条件句中含有were，had或或should，可将，可将if省略，省略，然后将然后将were，had或或should移至主移至主语语之前。之前。Had we made a great effort we might have succeeded.(If we had made a great effort.)要要是我是我们们付出巨大的努力，也付出巨大的努力，也许许我我们们已已经经成功了。成功了。有有时时条件句的条件句的动动作与主作与主句句动动作作发发生的生的时间时间不一不一致，致，这时动词这时动词的形式的形式应应根
22、据它根据它们们表示的表示的时间时间加加以以调调整。整。(2013高考天津卷高考天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before，he would be able to speak it much better now.如果以前如果以前他花更多他花更多时间练习说时间练习说英英语语的的话话，现现在他英在他英语语就会就会说说得好得好多了。多了。1(2014高考北京卷高考北京卷)We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.AareBwereCwill be Dw
23、ould beD 2(2014高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)If Mr.Dewey _ present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.Awere Bhad beenCshould be DwasB 3(2014高考福建卷高考福建卷)_no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.AWere there BHad there beenCIf there are
24、DIf there have beenA 二、虚二、虚拟语拟语气在名气在名词词性从句中的性从句中的应应用用类别类别用法用法例句例句宾语宾语从句从句宾语宾语从句从句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的从句中后接的从句中动词为动词为“(should)动词动词原形原形”。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.wish后的从句中的后的从句中的谓语谓语可可用一般用一般过过去去时时、过过去完去完成成时时和和should/wo
25、uld动动词词原形，它原形，它们们分分别别表示表示与与现现在、在、过过去和将来情去和将来情况相反。况相反。How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood？Next to nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English.类别类别用法用法例句例句主主语语从句从句表表语语从句从句和同和同位位语语从句从句在在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat从句从句”中，从句中，从句中的中的
26、谓语动词谓语动词用用should动词动词原形。原形。It is strange that such a person should be our friend.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.在在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名等名词词后的表后的表语语从句和从句和同位同位语语从句中要用虚从句中要用虚拟语拟语气，气，其构成是其构成是“should动词动词原形原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。My idea is that
27、 we(should)think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for a visit.1(2013高高考考浙浙江江卷卷)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.Awas BbeCwere DIs解解析析：句句意意：眼眼科科医医生生建建议议孩孩子子第第一一次次视视力力检检查查应应该该在在六六个个月月大大的的时时候候进进行行。re
28、commend建建议议，后后接接宾宾语语从从句句时时，从从句句用用虚虚拟拟语语气气，谓谓语语动动词词用用should do形形式式，should可可以以省省略略，所以正确答案所以正确答案为为B项项。B2(2013高高考考陕陕西西卷卷)My mom suggests that we_eat out for a change this weekend.Ashould BmightCcould DwouldA三、其他句型中的虚三、其他句型中的虚拟语拟语气气类别类别用法用法例句例句Its time that.would ratherIt is(high)time(that).句句型中型中谓语动词谓语动
29、词用一般用一般过过去去时时或或should动词动词原形。原形。Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.would rather所接的从句中所接的从句中的的谓语动词谓语动词用一般用一般过过去去时时(对对现现在虚在虚拟拟)或者或者过过去完成去完成时时(对过对过去虚去虚拟拟)。I would rather you stayed at home now.类别类别用法用法例句例句if onlyas ifif only后面的后面的谓语动词谓语动词常用一常用一般般
30、过过去去时时(对现对现在虚在虚拟拟)、过过去去完成完成时时(对过对过去虚去虚拟拟)与与过过去将去将来来时时(对对将来虚将来虚拟拟)，表示，表示强强烈烈的愿望。的愿望。If only our dream had come true！as if引引导导的状的状语语从句中从句中动词动词可可以用以用过过去去时时或或过过去完成去完成时时表示表示虚虚拟拟。Dont handle the vase as if it were made of steel.(2014高考高考陕陕西卷西卷)We would rather our daughter _ at home with us，but it is her c
31、hoice，and she is not a child any longer.Awould stay Bhas stayedCstayed DstayC解析：考解析：考查查虚虚拟语拟语气。句意：我气。句意：我们们宁愿我宁愿我们们的女儿和我的女儿和我们们一一起待在家里起待在家里，但是那是她的但是那是她的选择选择，她已她已经经不再是一个小孩子不再是一个小孩子了。了。would rather后接后接that从句从句时时，要用虚要用虚拟语拟语气气，如果与如果与现现在或将来事在或将来事实实相反相反，从句用一般过去时态；如果与过去事，从句用一般过去时态；如果与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。根据后面的实
32、相反，从句用过去完成时。根据后面的it is her choice可以可以判断判断这这件事情件事情还还没没发发生生，因而从句用一般因而从句用一般过过去去时时，所以所以选择选择C项项。D2(2014高考浙江卷高考浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they _ to our help.Awould have come Bcould comeChave come Dhad comeA 3(2013高考安徽卷高考安徽卷)I_ to my cousins birthday party last night，but I was not available.Awent Bhad goneCwould go Dwould have goneD