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1、第十第十讲讲并列句和状并列句和状语语从句从句一、并列一、并列连词连词和并列句和并列句常常见见并列并列连词连词表示并列关系表示并列关系表示表示选择选择关系关系表示表示递进递进关系关系and(和，同，又和，同，又)，both.and.(两者都两者都)，as well as(也，同也，同)or/or else(否否则则)，otherwise(否否则则)，either.or.(或者或者或者或者)，not.but.(不是不是而是而是)and(而且而且)，not only.but also.(不但不但而且而且)，neither.nor.(既不既不也不也不)表示表示转转折关系折关系表示因果关系表示因果关系表
2、示表示对对比关系比关系温馨提示温馨提示but(但是但是)，yet(然而然而)，still(仍然仍然)，however(然而然而)，nevertheless(尽管如此尽管如此)so(所以所以)，for(因因为为)while(而而)although/though不不能与能与but连连用，但用，但可以和可以和yet，still连连用。用。Although/Though we have grown up，our parents still treat us as children.We have grown up，but our parents still treat us as children.1
3、(2014高高考考北北京京卷卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，_ plants can spread to new places.Aso BorCfor DbutA2(2014高高考考天天津津卷卷)Give me a chance，_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.Aif BorCand DwhileC 3(2013高考重高考重庆庆卷卷)Its not easy to change habits，_with awareness and selfcontrol，it is possibl
4、e.Afor BorCbut DsoC 二、二、时间时间状状语语从句从句1when，while和和as引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句从句when从句的从句的动动作和主句的作和主句的动动作可以同作可以同时发时发生，也可以生，也可以先后先后发发生。从句生。从句谓语动词为谓语动词为延延续续性性动词动词或非延或非延续续性性动词动词。作并列作并列连词连词，意，意为为“那那时时，这时这时”，常用于，常用于be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;had just done.when.;be on the point of doing.when.等等结结构中。构中。while
5、as从句的从句的动动作与主句的作与主句的动动作同作同时发时发生，生，强强调调一段一段时间时间，从句的从句的谓语动词为谓语动词为延延续续性性动词动词。表示表示“尽管尽管”，引，引导让导让步状步状语语从句。从句。while作并列作并列连词连词，意，意为为“而，却而，却”，表示，表示对对比。比。从句的从句的动动作与主句的作与主句的动动作同作同时发时发生或交替生或交替进进行，可行，可译为译为“一一边边；一；一边边；随着；随着”，从句，从句谓谓语语一般一般为为延延续续性性动词动词。2before与与since 引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句从句(1)before 与与since的常用句式的常用句式连词
6、连词词义词义常用句式常用句式before在在之前；之前；还还未未就就；才；才；还还没来得及没来得及就就It will(not)be 一段一段时间时间before.(没有没有)过过时间时间才才It was not long before.不久不久就就It was 一段一段时间时间before.过过了了才才连词连词词义词义常用句式常用句式since自从自从以来以来It is/has been 一段一段时间时间since.(从句用一般从句用一般过过去去时时)It was一段一段时间时间since.(从句从句用用过过去完成去完成时时)(2)since引引导导的从句如果用非延的从句如果用非延续续性性动词
7、动词，所表示的是自从句，所表示的是自从句谓语动谓语动作算起；若用延作算起；若用延续续性性动词动词或状或状态动词态动词，所表示的就是，所表示的就是自自动动作或状作或状态态的完成或的完成或结结束束时时算起。算起。(2014高考新高考新课标课标全国卷全国卷)But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.但他不但他不满满足于足于简单简单地在地在这这些些东东西消失之前把他西消失之前把他们录们录制制下来。下来。As is reported，it is over 100 yea
8、rs since Qinghua University was founded.据据报报道，自清道，自清华华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。大学建立以来已有一百多年了。It has been three years since he smoked.自从他戒烟已自从他戒烟已经经三年了。三年了。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约约翰翰认为认为他不久就会他不久就会为为新工作做好准新工作做好准备备了。了。The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我
9、一听到那个声音就知道父我一听到那个声音就知道父亲亲来了。来了。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我我刚刚到到办办公室，我妻子就打公室，我妻子就打电话让电话让我立刻回家。我立刻回家。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他他刚结刚
10、结束演束演讲讲学生学生们们就开始就开始欢欢呼起来。呼起来。4引引导时间导时间状状语语从句的其他常从句的其他常见连词见连词(1)until与与till引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句从句until/till意意为为“直到直到时时”，引，引导时间导时间状状语语从句从句时时，表示主，表示主句的句的动动作作发发生在从句的生在从句的动动作之前。当主句的作之前。当主句的谓语动词谓语动词是延是延续续性性动词时动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词谓语动词是非延是非延续续性性动词时动词时，主句常用否定形式，意，主句常用否定形式，意为为“直到直到才才”。(2)every/each
11、 time，next time，the first time，whenever等引等引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句。从句。(3)by the time引引导时间导时间状状语语从句从句时时，从句用一般，从句用一般现现在在时时，主，主句用将来完成句用将来完成时时；从句用一般；从句用一般过过去去时时，主句用，主句用过过去完成去完成时时。Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.每每当我当我们们遇到困遇到困难难，他，他们们就来帮忙。就来帮忙。By the time you come back，we will have finished
12、 the job.当你回来的当你回来的时时候，我候，我们们将已将已经经完成完成这项这项工作了。工作了。1(2014高高考考江江西西卷卷)It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.Athat Bas Cwhich Dwhen D2(2014高考高考陕陕西卷西卷)The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left _I could ask for their names.Awhile Bbefore Caft
13、er DsinceB三、三、让让步状步状语语从句从句让让步步状状语语从句从句although；though；even if/though(即使即使)；whether.or(not).(不管不管还还是是)；while(尽尽管管)；疑；疑问词问词ever/no matter疑疑问词问词(不管不管；无；无论论)Although regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.While I always felt I would pass the exam，I neve
14、r thought I would get an A.温温馨馨提提示示(1)although引引导让导让步状步状语语从从句句时时，只能用正常，只能用正常语语序，序，though在引在引导让导让步状步状语语从句从句时时可用正常可用正常语语序，也可用倒序，也可用倒装装语语序。序。as引引导让导让步状步状语语从从句句须须用倒装。用倒装。Try as he might，he couldnt solve the problem.(2014高考江高考江苏苏卷卷)Lessons can be learned to face the future，though history cannot be change
15、d.(2)though还还可作副可作副词单词单独独置于句末，意置于句末，意为为“但是，可但是，可是不是不过过”。Its hard work，I enjoy it though.(3)whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还还可可以引以引导导名名词词性从句。性从句。The government has promised to do whatever helps to solve the problem of unemployment.C2(2013高考山高考山东东卷卷)_I have to give a speech，I get extremely nervous
16、 before I start.AWhatever BWheneverCWhoever DHowever 解析：句意：每当我必解析：句意：每当我必须须演演讲时讲时，在开始前在开始前，我都我都变变得非常得非常紧张紧张。whatever“任何事物任何事物，一切事物；无一切事物；无论论怎怎样样”，引引导导名名词词性从句或性从句或让让步状步状语语从句；从句；whenever“每当；无每当；无论论什么什么时时候候”，引引导时间导时间状状语语从句或从句或让让步状步状语语从句；从句；whoever“的的人；无人；无论论是是谁谁，不管是不管是谁谁”引引导导名名词词性从句或性从句或让让步状步状语语从句；从句；h
17、owever“不管怎不管怎样样”，引引导让导让步状步状语语从句。故只有从句。故只有whenever符合句意。符合句意。B四、条件状四、条件状语语从句、原因状从句、原因状语语从句与地点状从句与地点状语语从句从句从句从句类类型型引引导词导词例句例句条件条件状状语语从句从句if；unless(除非，除非，如果不如果不)；so(as)long as(只要只要);once；in case(万万一一)；on condition that(条件是条件是)；supposing/suppose(that)(假假设设；如果；如果);provided/providing(that)(如果如果)(2014高考大高考大
18、纲纲全国卷全国卷)Unless some extra money is found,the theatre will close.(2014高考广高考广东东卷卷)As long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will become more beautiful.Once they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.从句从句引引导词导词例句例句原因原因状状语语从句从句because；since；as；now(that)
19、；seeing/considering(that)(考考虑虑到；到；既然既然)Mum，could I go out to play now？Let me see.Yes，since you have finished all your school assignments.As/Now that everybody is here，lets begin our discussion.He must be ill，for he is absent today.从句从句引引导词导词例句例句地点地点状状语语从句从句where；whereverA number of high buildings ha
20、ve arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.Where there is a will，there is a way.Make a mark where you have any questions.(地点状地点状语语从句从句)Make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定定语语从句从句)1(2014高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work.Awhen B
21、becauseCafter DunlessD 2(2014高考四川卷高考四川卷)Ill be out for some time._ anything important happens，call me up immediately.AIn case BAs ifCEven though DNow thatA 3(2014高考重高考重庆庆卷卷)Half an hour later，Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.Auntil BwhenCalthough DwhereD 五、目的状五、目的状语语从句、从句、结结果状
22、果状语语从句与方式状从句与方式状语语从句从句从句从句引引导词导词例句例句目的状目的状语语从句从句so that；in order that；in case(以防以防)；for fear that(唯唯恐，以免恐，以免)Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can hear you.The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.从句从句引引导词导词例句例句结结果果状状语语从句从句方式方式状状语语从句
23、从句so that；so.that；such.thatThe little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers Day.Jack is so honest a worker/such an honest worker that we all believe him.He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.as if/though，asThe house was greatly damaged by the truck.Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.The old man treats the boy as if he were his own son.D