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1、Conduction1.2 The thermal conductivity of a sheet of rigid, extruded insulation is reported to be k = 0.029 W/m K. The measured temperature difference across a 25-mm-thick sheet of the material is T1 T2 = 12C.(a) What is the heat flux through a 3 m 3 m sheet of the insulation?(b) What is the rate of
2、 heat transfer through the sheet of insulation?(c) What is the thermal resistance of the sheet due to conduction?Convection1.12 Youve experienced convection cooling if youve ever extended your hand out the window of a moving vehicle or into a flowing water stream. With the surface of your hand at a
3、temperature of 30C, determine the convection heat flux for (a) a vehicle speed of 40 km/h in air at 8C with a convection coefficient of 40 W/m2 K and (b) a velocity of 0.2 m/s in a water stream at 10C with a convection coefficient of 900 W/m2 K. Which condition would feel colder? Contrast these resu
4、lts with a heat flux of approximately 30 W/m2 under normal room conditions.1.14 A red brick wall has inner and outer surface temperatures of 16 and 6C, respectively. The interior and exterior air temperatures are 20 and 5C, respectively. The inner and outer convection heat transfer coefficients are
5、5 and 20 W/m2 K, respectively. Calculate the heat flux from the interior air to the wall, from the wall to the exterior air, and from the wall to the interior air. Is the wall under steady-state conditions?Radiation1.22 An overhead 25-m-long, uninsulated industrial steam pipe of 100-mm diameter is r
6、outed through a building whose walls and air are at 25C. Pressurized steam maintains a pipe surface temperature of 150C, and the coefficient associated with natural convection is h = 10W/m2 K. The surface emissivity is = 0.8.(a) What is the rate of heat loss from the steam line?(b) If the steam is generated in a gas-fired boiler operating at an efficiency of f = 0.90 and natural gas is priced at Cg = $0.02 per MJ, what is the annual cost of heat loss from the line?