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1、TED题：What make muscles grow 作者:Jeffrey Siegel肌增的奥秘Muscles.We have over 600 of them.They make up between 1/3 and 1/2 of our body weight,and along with connective tissue,they bind us together,hold us up,and help us move.And whether or not body building is your hobby,muscles need your constant attentio
2、n because the way you treat them on a daily basis determines whether they will wither or grow.肌，我们有超过600块，约占了体重量的三分之到分之。它们和结缔组织起 组成我们的体，使我们能够站和移动，不管健是不是你的兴趣爱好，肌需要你持续关注。因为你每天的锻炼情况会决定肌是萎缩还是增长。Say youre standing in front of a door,ready to pull it open.Your brain and muscles are perfectly poised to hel
3、p you achieve this goal.First,your brain sends a signal to motor neurons inside your arm.When they receive this message,they fire,causing muscles to contract and relax,which pull on the bones in your arm and generate the needed movement.The bigger the challenge becomes,the bigger the brains signal g
4、rows,and the more motor units it rallies to help you achieve your task.假想你正站在扇门前，准备拉门你的脑和肌会达成完美的平衡以帮助你达成标。先，你的脑给遥控你臂的神经发射信号，神经接受信号之后，开始动引起肌收缩与放松牵引臂的骼运动，从做出相应的动作动作难度越，脑发出的信号越强，协助完成动作所调动的遥控神经单位越多。connective tissue结缔组织body building健身；健美poisedadj.准备好的motor neurons运动神经元But what if the door is made of sol
5、id iron?At this point,your arm muscles alone wont be able to generate enough tension to pull it open,so your brain appeals to other muscles for help.You plant your feet,tighten your belly,and tense your back,generating enough force to yank it open.Your nervous system has just leveraged the resources
6、 you already have,other muscles,to meet the demand.但是如果门是铁制的呢？现在，光靠你臂的肌是不能产够的拉来开门的，所以你的脑会让其他肌来帮忙。你扎好马步，收紧腹，拉紧脊背，产够的把门扯开，你的神经系统刚刚借了你所有的已有资源：别的肌，来完成你的标。While all this is happening,your muscle fibers undergo another kind of cellular change.As you expose them to stress,they experience microscopic damage
7、,which,in this context,is a good thing.In response,the injured cells release inflammatory molecules called cytokines that activate the immune system to repair the injury.This is when the muscle-building magic happens.The greater the damage to the muscle tissue,the more your body will need to repair
8、itself.The resulting cycle of damage and repair eventually makes muscles bigger and stronger as they adapt to progressively greater demands.当这切发时，你的肌纤维经历了细胞层的变化。你拉伸细胞时，细胞经历了细微的损伤，在这，是件好事。作为回应，受损的细胞会释放出被称作细胞因的炎性分，激活了免疫系统以修复损伤 这就是肌变的魔法。对肌组织造成的损伤越，你体的我修复就会越多，损伤和修复的循环，最终使肌变变结实，逐渐适应更的需求。ironn.铁tensionn.紧
9、张；焦虑leveragedadj.杠杆作的muscle fibers肌纤维cellularadj.细胞的microscopicadj.极的inflammatoryadj.炎症性的cytokines细胞因immune system免疫系统Since our bodies have already adapted to most everyday activities,those generally dont produce enough stress to stimulate new muscle growth.So,to build new muscle,a process called hy
10、pertrophy,our cells need to be exposed to higher workloads than they are used to.In fact,if you dont continuously expose your muscles to some resistance,they will shrink,a process known as muscular atrophy.In contrast,exposing the muscle to a high-degree of tension,especially while the muscle is len
11、gthening,also called an eccentric contraction,generates effective conditions for new growth.因为我们的体已经适应了常的活动，这些就不能产够的压，来促进新的肌长了。所以，要长肌，要经过个叫过度增长的过程，我们的细胞需要它已经适应的更的作强度。事实上，如果你不持续的让肌锻炼起来，它们会变，这被称为肌萎缩。相反的，让肌承受更的拉，特别是肌在伸展时，又被称作离收缩，为肌提供有效的长条件。However,muscles rely on more than just activity to grow.Without
12、 proper nutrition,hormones,and rest,your body would never be able to repair damaged muscle fibers.Protein in our diet preserves muscle mass by providing the building blocks for new tissue in the form of amino acids.Adequate protein intake,along with naturally occurring hormones,like insulin-like gro
13、wth factor and testosterone,help shift the body into a state where tissue is repaired and grown.然，肌长还要更多条件，没有所需的营养，激素，和休息，你的體永远不能修复受损的肌组织。我们饮中的蛋质通过以氨基酸的形式，提供新组织的基础 来维持细胞的质量，量的蛋质摄，与然产的荷尔蒙起，如胰岛素，如长因和睾酮，协助组织的修复和长。hypertrophyn.过度增muscular atrophy肌萎缩eccentric contraction离收缩nutritionn.营养hormonesn.荷尔蒙amino
14、 acid氨基酸testosteronen.睾酮This vital repair process mainly occurs when were resting,especially at night while sleeping.Gender and age affect this repair mechanism,which is why young men with more testosterone have a leg up in the muscle building game.Genetic factors also play a role in ones ability to
15、 grow muscle.Some people have more robust immune reactions to muscle damage,and are better able to repair and replace damaged muscle fibers,increasing their muscle-building potential.这个关重要的修复过程主要发在我们休息时，尤其是晚上睡觉的时候。性别和年龄也会影响修复机制，这就是为什么有更多睾酮的青壮年，在肌增长上更有优势。基因因素也会影响肌增长，有些对肌损伤有更强的免疫反应，更容易修复和替换受损肌纤维，这都加了肌
16、增长的潜。The body responds to the demands you place on it.If you tear your muscles up,eat right,rest and repeat,youll create the conditions to make your muscles as big and strong as possible.It is with muscles as it is with life:Meaningful growth requires challenge and stress.体会对你的需求做出回应，如果你撕裂肌，补充营养，休息然后重复，你就为肌变变强壮创造了条件。肌增长和活个道理：有效的成长需要挑战和压。mechanismn.机械装置