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1、考点五十一 短文填空之首字母填空首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。二、满分技巧1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断
2、词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。AMy friends and I got to talking ab
3、out the rules that we have in school. At our school, we have to w 1 uniforms every day. The problem is that all my classmates think the uniforms a 2 ugly. We think young people should look s 3 and so we would like to wear our own clothes. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrat
4、e more on our clothes t 4 our studies. We disagree. We would feel more comfortable and that is good for s 5 . If we cant do that, we should be allowed to design our own uniforms. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students h 6 . Its also probably a good idea for parents to a 7 teenag
5、ers to study in groups during the evening. I know we get noisy sometimes, b 8 we can learn a lot from each other. We also think that vacations should be longer. At present theyre too short. Longer vacations would g 9 us time to do things like volunteering. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunte
6、er at the local hospital, but I couldnt because I had to go back to school. It would be a good experience for me because I want to b 10 a doctor when I grow up.BThe police find most criminals because somebody tells them who the criminals are. They find other criminals by using science and their comp
7、uters. When there is a bank robbery, the police first look t 1 their computers for the names of the bank robbers that they know about. Then they go and talk to any of these robbers who are not in p 2 . They ask them where they were when the robbery happened. If any of these people cannot give a good
8、 a 3 , the police will often use science to find out if one of them is the robber.Many criminals leave something of themselves at the places of the c 4 like a fingerprint or a hair. Or they take something away on their s 5 or clothes, like dirt or animal hair. If they leave behind some of their b 6
9、or their hair or a piece of skin, it will have their DNA inside it.Everyones DNA is different and their f 7 are also different. So, if a criminal cuts himself during a robbery or leaves his hair, or e 8 a small piece of skin, scientists can find out what his DNA is. The police can then ask the s 9 t
10、o give them his hair or some blood and see w 10 it has the same DNA. Many criminals are in prison today because of this kind of evidences.CRobert was a young man who majored（主修）in creative advertising in college. He walked to his c 1 for daily lessons because he lived nearby. One morning, he went to
11、 his college on foot as he u 2 did. He saw a blind man sitting on the steps of a building with a sign by his feet that r 3 : I am blind, please help. Robert was walking by the blind man and stopped to d 4 that the man only had a few coins in his hat. He put a few of his own coins in the hat, and w 5
12、 stopping to ask for permission(允许), took the sign, turned it around, and wrote a new message. He then placed the sign by the feet of the blind man, and went on his w 6 .Later that afternoon Robert returned by the blind man and n 7 that his hat was almost completely f 8 of bills and coins. The blind
13、 man recognized his footsteps and asked if it was him who had changed his sign. He also wanted to know what was w 9 on it.The young man replied: I just changed your m 10 , so people could relate(联系) to it. He wished the man well, said goodbye and left.The blind man didnt know it, but his new sign no
14、w said：Today Is Spring and I Cannot See It.A【文章大意】短文的作者与朋友一起谈论了学校的一些规章制度。在他们学校学生每天都要穿校服，但有些同学认为穿校服很难看，应该允许学生穿自己的衣服。老师则认为如果那样的话，学生们会更注重衣服而不是学习。他们还认为父母应该允许青少年在晚上集体学习，假期应该更长些，更长的假期会给学生时间去做志愿者之类的事情。1. wear 【解析】句意：在我们学校，我们每天都要穿校服。have to do sth.必须做某事，结合句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为wear。2. are 【解析】句意：问题是我所有的同学都认为校服很难看。
15、ugly是形容词，与前面的系动词构成系表结构，故答案为are。3. smart 【解析】句意：我们认为年轻人应该看起来机智。look为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，根据首字母提示可知，答案为smart。4. than 【解析】句意：我们会更注重衣服而不是学习。more是much的比较级，拿衣服与学习相比较，此句缺少连词than。5. studying 【解析】句意：我们会觉得舒服些，这对学习很有好处。be good for对有益，for后跟V-ing形式，根据首字母提示可知，答案为studying。6. happy 【解析】句意：这是一个让老师和学生都开心的好方法。keep sb.+adj.使某人
16、怎么样，形容词作宾语补足语，根据首字母提示可知，答案为happy。7. allow 【解析】句意：父母允许青少年在晚上集体学习也是一个好主意。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，结合句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为allow。8. but 【解析】句意：我们可以从彼此身上学到很多东西。前句的句意为：我知道我们有时会吵闹，与本句之间构成转折关系，故答案为but。9. give 【解析】句意：更长的假期会给我们时间去做志愿者之类的事情。would后跟动词原形，根据句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为give。10. be/become 【解析】句意：这对我来说是一次很好的经历，因为我长
17、大后想成为一名医生。want to do sth.想做某事，结合句意可知，答案为be/become。B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，作者简单介绍了警察是如何通过犯罪嫌疑人在现场留下的罪证，诸如指纹、头发、血迹或皮肤，进行DNA比对，从而确定谁是罪犯的，显示了科学的强大用途。1. through 【解析】look through仔细检查/审查（某物）；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填through。2. prison 【解析】in prison坐牢/进监狱；根据句意和英文提示，可知填prison。3. answer 【解析】根据句意和英文提示，联系上文They ask them where
18、they were when the robbery happened.，可知是give a good answer给出一个好答案，故填answer。4. crime 【解析】at the places of 在的地方；根据句意和英文提示，可知填crime。5. shoes 【解析】clothes衣物；or或者，前后是并列关系，表选择；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填shoes。6. blood 【解析】or或者，连接的前后是并列关系；根据句意和英文提示，结合上下文，可知填blood。7. fingerprints 【解析】根据句意和英文提示，联系前文Many criminals lea
19、ve something of themselves at the places of the crime like a fingerprint or a hair，可知填fingerprints。8. even 【解析】a small piece of skin一小块皮肤；根据句意，这里是强调，结合英文提示，可知填even。9. suspect 【解析】ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事；the suspect嫌疑犯；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填suspect。10. whether 【解析】see看，后面句子是宾语从句，做其宾语；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可
20、知填whether。C【文章大意】这是一篇爱心小故事，讲述了主修创意广告的大学生罗伯特创意地为一个盲人修改行乞标牌的事情经过，赞扬了他的智慧和爱心。1. college 【解析】his他的，后接名词；根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文he went to his college on foot，可知填college。2. usually 【解析】do做，谓语动词，可用副词修饰；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文He walked to his college for daily lessons，可知填usually。3. read 【解析】根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文I am blind, plea
21、se help.是木牌上面的具体内容，可知填read。4. discover 【解析】stop to do停下来去做另一件事；根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文the man only had a few coins in his hat.是他看到的东西，可知填discover。5. without 【解析】stopping动名词形式，前面需用介词；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上下文，可知填without。6. way 【解析】go on his way继续走他的路；根据句意和首字母提示，结合文意，可知填way。7. noticed 【解析】根据句意和首字母提示，可知填noticed。8. full 【解析】full of充满，尽是；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文who majored in creative advertising in college.，可知填full。9. written 【解析】want to know想知道；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文asked if it was him who had changed his sign.，可知填written。10. message 【解析】your你的，后接名词；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文内容，可知填message。