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1、初中英语2023年中考专题训练短文填空-首字母提示篇(一)根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在文中空白处填入一个恰当的单词, 使短文完整、通顺。As we know, many places of interest are troubled by the rubbish thrown by visitors. Luckily, some photos of 1. v_ picking up the rubbish on the cliffs (悬崖) received a great deal of attention on the Internet. The situation may becom
2、e better. On May 28, 2020, five Zhangjiajie outdoor volunteers got together and then 2. a_ at Tianmen Mountain, which is the 3. h_ mountain in Zhangjiajie. They tied 4. r_ onto the cliffs at the Ghost Valley and Natural Moat Spot. The Ghost Valley and Natural Moat Spot are very 5. d_ because of stro
3、ng winds, cold air, clouds and mists (薄雾). 6. H_, it was said that two volunteers who were tied by the ropes spent the whole morning on the cliffs 7. c_ the rubbish thrown by visitors. The Blue Sky Rescue, formed by local volunteers, often picks up rubbish 8. d_ their training and calls on tourists
4、to protect the environment. Arent they lovely? They 9. j_ want to make a good environment for our trip. Everyone can play a 10. r_ in protecting the environment. Lets work with them together to build a better world! 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10_ 【篇章导读】本文主要讲述了蓝天救援队的志愿者在张家界的悬崖峭壁上收集垃
5、圾的故事，作者希望借此呼吁大家保护环境。【难句解读】(第二段最后一句) However, it was said that two volunteers who were tied by the ropes spent the whole morning on the cliffs collecting the rubbish thrown by visitors. 然而, 据说两名系着绳子的志愿者在悬崖峭壁上花了整个上午收集游客扔掉的垃圾。本句是一个主从复合句。it在本句中作形式主语, 真正的主语是that引导的主语从句, 其中who引导定语从句, 修饰先行词two volunteers。s
6、pend time doing sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”, 为固定搭配。过去分词短语thrown by visitors 作后置定语, 修饰the rubbish。【答案解析】1. volunteers 结合下文和首字母可知, 此处是指一些志愿者在悬崖峭壁上收集垃圾的照片在互联网上得到了很多关注。volunteer是可数名词, 且此处应用其复数形式。2. arrived 结合该空后的at Tianmen Mountain和首字母可知, 此处是指他们到达了天门山。arrive at为固定短语, 且本句描述的是过去发生的动作, 故填arrived。3. highest 结合该空前后的the
7、和mountain in Zhangjiajie 可知, 此处是指天门山是张家界最高的山, 故用high的最高级highest。4. ropes 由下文中的 who were tied by the ropes可知, 此处是指他们把绳子系到悬崖上, 故填ropes。5. dangerous 结合该空后的strong winds、cold air、clouds and mists 和首字母可知, 这两个地方由于强风、冷空气、云和雾而非常危险, 故填dangerous, 意为“危险的”。6. However 上文中提到那里非常危险, 而此处是指据说两名系着绳子的志愿者在悬崖峭壁上待了整个上午。前后
8、内容为转折关系, 故用however。注意首字母要大写。7. collecting 结合下文中的 often picks up rubbish和首字母可知, 此处是指两名系着绳子的志愿者在悬崖峭壁上花了整个上午收集游客扔掉的垃圾。“收集”用collect表示, 且spend time doing sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”, 故填collecting。8. during 联系上下文可知, 此处是指在他们训练期间. during意为“在期间”, 符合文意。9. just 结合句意和首字母可知, 此处是指他们只想为我们的旅行创造一个美好的环境。just意为“只是”, 符合文意。10. rol
9、e由下一句“Lets work with them together to build a better world!”可知, 作者呼吁每个人都在保护环境方面发挥自己的作用。play a role in为固定搭配, 故填role。(二)根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在文中空白处填入一个恰当的单词, 使短文完整、通顺。A man goes into a pet shop, wanting to buy a bird. He sees a beautiful bird, the 1. 1_ hes ever seen, and asks how much it is. The shop owner
10、replies, “That bird is1000.”“What?!” cries the man. “1 000 2. f_ a bird? What does it do?”“Well, Im glad you asked,” says the shop owner. “You see, that bird can sing like any of the female 3. r_ in our opera house.”The man thinks, “OK, but I cant afford the bird.” Then he sees a shorter 4. b_ still
11、 lovely bird, and asks how much it is. “Its 5. p_ is $2 000,” replies the shop owner, and the man asks what that bird can do. “Well, he can 6. p_ music on the piano from memory if you request.” The man thinks, “Wow, but I 7, r_ cant afford that bird.”He then sees an ancient, half-dead and ugly bird
12、8. s_ on the corner of a cage, and thinks that bird couldnt cost very much. He 9. a_ the shop owner how much it is. “Oh, that bird is $20 000,” the shop owner replies. Shocked, the man asks what that bird does. “Oh, we havent found out yet,” the shop owner replies, “but the other two birds call 10.
13、i_ Maestro (大师).” 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10_ 【篇章导读】本文是一则幽默故事。一个人去商店买鸟, 他打听了三只鸟的价格。前两只鸟都因为身怀绝技而价格不菲, 而第三只鸟看起来平平无奇要价却最高。这是为什么呢?【答案解析】1. loveliest 结合该空前的a beautiful bird和首字母l可知, 此处是指这只鸟是他见过的最可爱的鸟。lovely意为“可爱的”, 再由该空前的the可知, 此处用最高级。第4空后的still lovely bird也给出了提示。2. for 结合该空前后的1000和a
14、bird可知, 此处表示价格, 故填for, 意为“达, 计(表示价格或价值)”。3. roles 由该空后的in our opera house 可知, 此处是指这只鸟能够像他们剧院里的任何女性角色那样唱歌, 故role符合语境。结合该空前的any of 可知, 此处填复数形式roles。4. but 该空前后的shorter和lovely为转折关系, 故填but。5. price 上文中男人询问了第二只鸟的价格, 且该空后的2000是店主给出的价格, 故此处填price。6. play 由该空后的 music on the piano 可知, 这只鸟可以根据要求在钢琴上弹奏音乐。play意
15、为“演奏, 弹奏”, 且该空前的can是情态动词, 故用原形。7. really 上文中提到男人心想自己买不起标价为1000美元的鸟, 所以标价为2000美元的鸟他更买不起了, 故此处是指男人心想他的确买不起那只鸟。really意为“的确, 确实地”, 用来强调语气。8. sitting/standing/sleeping 由该空前的ancient和half-dead可知, 这只鸟又老又没有活力, 所以它应该是正在笼子的角落里“坐着站着睡觉”。see sb. doing sth. 为固定搭配, 表示“看见某人正在做某事”, 故填V-ing形式。9. asks 由下文中店主的回答可知, 男人又询
16、问了第三只鸟的价格。主语是He, 且此处的时态为一般现在时, 故填asks。10. it 此处所缺单词作动词call的宾语, 且指代第三只鸟。由上文中的how much itis可知, 此处填it。(三)根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在文中空白处填入一个恰当的单词, 使短文完整、通顺。When youre in your teens and early 20s, new music is a common thing. You may often check out the 1. 1_ music online. This week you may be into hip hop. Next w
17、eek you may 2. e_ some jazz. It will always be that way, right? Well, 3. m_ not. According to a 4. s_, there is a certain age when people stop searching the Web for new music. The ages differ (不同) in many places. 5. H_, on average, people usually stop checking out new music by their 28th birthday. A
18、 musical peak (顶点) takes place not 6. 1_ before that. At that peak, people listen to 10 or more pieces of new music each week. After that, however, they stop listening to new music 7. g_. Why does that happen? The people who took part in the survey said that as 8. t_ got older, their jobs got more c
19、hallenging. Some had kids to take 9. c_ of. That leaves far less time for them to listen to new music. So, that 10. e_ why your dad keeps the car radio tuned (调) to the oldest station, doesnt it? 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10_ 【篇章导读】如果你是一个善于观察的人, 那么你可能会发现生活中存在一个现象: 随着年龄的增长, 人们会对新的流
20、行音乐越来越不感兴趣。本文对此现象进行了分析。【难句解读】(第二段第一句) According to a survey, there is a certain age when people stop searching the Web for new music. 根据一项调查显示, 人们到一个固定的年龄就不再上网搜索新音乐了。本句是一个复合句。when引导的是定语从句, 修饰先行词a certain age。when 是关系副词, 此处可用at which代替。【答案解析】1. latest 由上一句“When youre in your teens and early 20s, new
21、music is a common thing.”可知, 新音乐对于年轻人来说并不陌生, 所以此处是指你可能会经常上网搜索最新的音乐。结合首字母1和该空前的the可知, 此处填latest, 意为“最新的”。2. enjoy 由上一句“This week you may be into hip hop.”可知, 这周你可能对嘻哈乐感兴趣, 故此处是指下周你可能就欣赏爵士乐了。enjoy意为“喜欢, 享受的乐趣”, 符合语境。再结合该空前的may可知, 此处用原形。3. maybe 此处是对上一句的回答。结合下文内容可知, 此处是指这种状态可能不会一直持续下去, 故填maybe, 意为“可能,
22、大概”。4. survey 由第三段中的The people who took part in the survey 可知, 此处是指根据一项调查, 故填survey, 意为“调查”。5. However 上一句提到这个年龄因地而异, 而此处却说这个年龄通常是28岁。前后内容为转折关系, 故填However。注意首字母要大写。6. long 此处是指一个音乐巅峰期发生在那之前不久。not long before that 意为“在那之前不久”, 故填long。7. gradually 上文中提到人们通常到28岁就不再搜索新音乐了, 而他们在音乐巅峰期每周会听10首甚至更多新音乐, 故此处是指在
23、那之后, 他们就渐渐不再听新音乐了。gradually意为“逐渐地”, 符合文意。8. they 由该空前的 The people who took part in the survey可知, 此处填they。9. care 结合该空前后的take和of可知, 此处是指有些人有了孩子需要照顾。take care of为固定短语, 故填care。10. explains 本段给出了可能造成那种现象的原因, 故此处是指这能解释为什么你的父亲总是把汽车上的收音机调到最老的台。explain意为“说明的原因”, 且此处的时态为一般现在时, 故填explains。(四)根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在文中
24、空白处填入一个恰当的单词, 使短文完整、通顺。We see countless faces every day, but how many faces can we really recognize (认出)? For the first time, 1. s_ from the University of York have an answer: about 5 000. The research team asked university students to 2. r_ people they were able to recognize in their 3. e_ life. Th
25、ese people included their family members, friends, neighbors and famous people. Scientists found that these students could recall 4. b_ 1 000 and 10 000 faces, with the average being 5 000. Scientists who do research in this area usually just focus 5. o_ how the brain tells the difference between fa
26、miliar and unfamiliar faces. “We realized we would miss something if we didnt know how many familiar faces people could recognize,” said the researcher Mike Burton. The ability to recognize thousands of faces is an 6. i_ part of human interaction, according to the Washington Post. Imagine awkwardly
27、waving at a stranger 7. w_ you thought was a friend, or much worse, being mistaken for a murderer (杀人犯). However, our 8. a_ to recognize faces differs from person to person. It is usually harder for people to recognize others who are of a different race (种族). Whats more, about 2 percent of people ar
28、e thought to have face blindness. People with face blindness find it hard to notice differences in strangers faces. Some may even have difficulty 9. r_ familiar faces. The teams findings can be 10. u_ to improve face recognition (面部识别) technology. This technology is used to identify people at airpor
29、ts and in police investigations. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10_ 【篇章导读】人的大脑是一个非常神奇的器官。一项科学研究表明, 人的大脑能识别大约五千张人脸。让我们一起来了解一下吧！【答案解析】1. scientists 由第三段中的 Scientists who do research in this area 可知, 此处介绍的是科学家得出的结论。结合该空后的have可知, 此处用复数形式。2. recall 联系上下文可知, 科学家让学生们回想他们能认出的人。recall意为“回想, 回忆起
30、”。下文中的 these students could recall也给出了提示。3. everyday 结合句意和下一句“These people included their family members, friends, neighbors .”可知, 科学家让学生们回想他们在日常生活中能认出的人。everyday意为“日常的; 每天的”。4. between 由该空后的1 000 and 10 000 faces可知, 此处填 between, 构成 between . and .搭配。5. on focus on为固定搭配, 意为“(把)集中(于)”。6. important 由下
31、文中的“Imagine awkwardly . being mistaken for a murderer.”可知, 识别人脸的能力是人际互动中一个重要的部分, 故填important。7. who 结合句意并分析句子结构可知, 此处用who引导定语从句, 修饰先行词a stranger。8. ability 由上文中的 The ability to recognize thousands of faces可知, 此处是指我们识别人脸的能力是不同的。结合该空后的differs可知, 此处填ability。9. recognizing 上文中提到有些人有脸盲症, 故此处是指有些人甚至可能很难认出
32、熟悉的面孔。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事很难”, 为固定搭配。10. used 由下一句“This technology is used to identify people at airports and in police investigations.”可知, 这个团队的发现能被用来提高面部识别技术。此处是被动语态, 故填used。(五)根据短文内容及首字母提示, 填写所缺单词, 使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but theyve been ar
33、ound for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was 1. e_ compared with other fuels (燃料). 2. W_ petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars
34、 became more 3. p_ because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping. During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it 4. c_ more air pollution. For years, car makers didnt worry about pollution. They didnt worry about the amount of p
35、etrol cars used, 5. e_ But when people began to realize that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars. One 6. m_ of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hy
36、brid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went 7. d_ An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long 8. j_. Many people are not 9. p_
37、with it. The government and car makers are 10. w_ together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10_ 【篇章导读】本文讲述了电动汽车的历史。【答案解析】1. expensive 由上一句提到的路上的电动汽车比汽
38、油汽车多和下一句中的 petrol prices dropped 可知, 此处是指相比其他燃料, 那时候的汽油很“贵”。2. When 结合句意可知, 此处是指当汽油的价格下降和新技术发展时, 电动汽车过时了。when意为“当时”, 引导时间状语从句。3. popular 联系上一句和空后的原因可知, 此处是指由于汽油汽车可以连续行驶更长的距离, 它们变得更“受欢迎”了。4. caused 汽油汽车变得更大、更重、更快了, 故它们需要更多燃料, 也“导致”了更多空气污染, 故填caused。5. either 上一句提到汽车制造商不担心污染问题, 此处是指他们也不担心汽车用多少汽油。否定句中表
39、示“也”应用either。 6. method 由空后的solving the problem可知, 此处是指解决这个问题的一种“方法”是混合动力车。7. down 混合动力车变得受欢迎应该是因为它们的价格下降了。go down意为“(水平、数量等)下降”, 符合文意。8. journeys 全电动汽车的问题是它们需要再充电, 故它们不适合长途“旅行”。journey是可数名词, 前面没有冠词修饰, 故应用复数。9. pleased全电动汽车不适合长途旅行, 故很多人对这一点不满意。be pleased with sth. 意为“对某(事)物满意”。10. working由空后的 to dev
40、elop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars 可知, 此处是指政府与汽车制造商一起开发安全、便宜、实用的电动汽车。此处用的是现在进行时, 故填现在分词working。(六)根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在文中空白处填入一个恰当的单词, 使短文完整、通顺。Boyan Slat has one huge goal. Its a goal that could be good for people and 1. a_ all over the world. Amazingly, it looks like hes going to 2. m_ his goal.
41、 When he was 16, Dutch engineering student Slat was on vacation in Greece, and he started to think about all the rubbish that is 3. p_ onto beaches by water. The oceans around the world are all of plastic-millions of tons of plastic. Unfortunately, plastic doesnt just disappear. It takes 4. c_ to br
42、eak down (分解). The 5. p_ situation of the oceans is bad and worrying and Slat wanted to do something to change it. So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the worlds oceans. Slat started with an idea for an unusual 6. m_ to“ catch” the plastic floating (漂浮) in the water using the na
43、tural energy of the ocean. He left school in 2013 to begin work on his project The Ocean Cleanup. Soon, the project 7. r_ a lot of attention. A year later, he was leading a team of 100 scientists and engineers working on the invention. Slat needed money for this, so he started asking people to 8. d_
44、 to his project online and raised over $2 million!Soon after, Slat was named a “Champion of the Earth” by the United Nations for his meaningful and 9. v_ work. Its the most important title the UN gives to people helping the environment. The Ocean Cleanup also won several awards (奖项) for having one o
45、f the best inventions of 2015. But the 10. d_ goes on for Slat. He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10_ 【篇章导读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是柏杨史菜特看到海上的垃圾受到启发, 立下一个目标: 清理全世界的海洋垃圾。他努力朝着自己的目标奋斗, 并被誉为“地球卫士”, 他的发明也获得了多个奖项。【答案解析】1. animals句意: 这是一个可能有利于全世界的人和