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1、易错点09 动词的语态 易错考点【01】被动语态的基本结构从中考阅卷可以看出,好多孩子因为对被动的语态(特别是现在完成时的被动语态。)的基本结构掌握不牢而出错,现整理如下,请一定记牢: 语态构成例句一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+doneThe classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时的被动语态was/were+doneThe kite was made by him.现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are+being+doneThe room is being cleaned by them.过去进行时的被动语态was/were+being+doneThe h
2、ouse was being painted when we arrived at his home. 一般将来时的被动语态will/shall/be(is,am,are) going to+be+doneTrees will be planted by them tomorrow.过去将来时的被动语态would/should/be(was,were)going to+be+doneWe told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon.现在完成时的被动语态have/has+been+doneThe radio has not been tur
3、ned on yet.过去完成时的被动语态had+been+doneHer homework had not been finished when I got home.含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词be+doneYour homework must be finished today.易错考点【02】主动语态与被动语态辨析中考中,以下四种情况多用被动语态(可简记为:主语是物,不知道,没必要,需强调,被动语态一定要.):1.动作的发出者是物。Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。2.不知道动作的执行者是谁。This watch
4、 is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。3.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。4.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用)易错考点【03】常考感官动词的语态,主动语态不带to,被动语态还原to.主动句中的感官动词 see,hear,watch,feel,notice 等 以及使役动词 let,make,have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式,变
5、为被动句时,应加上不定式符号 to,主动语态:We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.被动语态:The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us.晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。易错考点【04】主动结构表示被动意义。1.open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动 语态表示被动意义。This kind of pen w
6、rites very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirts sells well here.这种衬衫在这里卖得很好。2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示 被动意义。School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。3.be worth doing 中,doing 表示被动意义。This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。4. want/need/require + doing 相当于 want
7、/need/require+to be done。to be done表示不定式的被动结构。例:My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。 Chinese by more and more people around the world today.()AlearnsBis learnedCwas learnedDlearned 句子大意:今天,世界各地越来越多的人学习中文。 答案详解:分析可知,该空所在句的主语为 Chinese,与谓语动词learn之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合today可知,此句应用
8、一般现在时的被动语态,即 is learned。所以选 :B。1Spud Webb _ at first because of his height,but he didnt lose heart.()ArefusesBrefusedCwas refusedDwill be refused 句子大意:斯普德韦伯最初因为身高而被拒绝,但他没有灰心。 答案详解:refuses第三人称单数形式;refused过去式/过去分词;was refused一般过去时态的被动语态;will be refused一般将来时态的被动语态。主语Spud Webb与动词refuse拒绝之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,即他被
9、拒绝,故为被动语态。根据didnt可知,用一般过去时态的被动语态。所以选 :C。2The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never_by us.()Ais forgottenBforgetCbe forgottenDforgot 句子大意:小惠的故事很感人,我们永远不会忘记。 答案详解:根据语境,设空处主语it(the story)和其谓语forget之间是被动关系,且设空前有will,因此设空处应用be forgotten,构成一般将来时态的被动语态符合语境。所以选 :C。3The DongyingHainan airline fo
10、r about 5 monthsI have taken the flights three times()Ais openBhas openedChas been openDhas been opened 句子大意:句意:东营海南航线已开通五个月了我已经乘坐过这个航班三次了 答案详解:答案:C,根据The DongyingHainan airlinefor about 5 months,可知for+时间段,是现在完成时的时间标志,所以应用现在完成时,且动词要用延续性动词,open是非延续性动词,故要变成be+open的系表结构,又知现在完成时的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词所以选 :
11、C。 The Internet was invented(invent) by the US government in the 1960s for the army to use. 句子大意:互联网是由美国政府在20世纪60年代为军队使用而发明的。 答案详解:invent发明,是动词。主语The Internet和动词发明是被动关系,再结合时间状语in the 1960s可知,要用一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为was/ were done,主语是第三人称单数,用was。所以答案是:was invented。1The traffic lights arecontrolled(控制) by a
12、central computer 句子大意:交通灯是由一台中央计算机控制的 答案详解:答案:controlled 根据 The traffic lights are_(控制) by a central computer可知这句话的主语是The traffic lights,是动作的承受着,它和动词control构成被动关系,所以应该用被动语态被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词所以填:controlled2Dont hand in your report until all the information is checked(check) 句子大意:在检查完所有信息之前不要交报告
13、答案详解:句子时态用一般现在时,主语是动作的承受者,使用被动语态,一般现在时的被动语态的构成be+动词的过去分词所以填is checked3Do Chinese people like pingpong a lot?Yes. It_by people of all ages.()AplaysBis playedCplayedDwas played 句子大意:中国人很喜欢乒乓球吗?是的。各个年龄段的人都打乒乓球。 答案详解:根据语境,设空句主语it(pingpang)和其谓语play之间是被动关系,且题干表述的是现在的客观情况,因此设空处应用一般现在时态的被动语态,即is played符合语境。
14、所以选 :B。Tom _to finish homework first after school.()AmakesBis madeCmadeDwas made 句子大意:汤姆被要求在放学后先完成家庭作业。 答案详解:根据题干可知,句子陈述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时;主语Tom和动词make之间是被动关系,因此要用被动语态;一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用is,make的过去分词是made。所以选 :B。1The twins _guitar at this time yesterday. I think they might be
15、 preparing for the art festival these days.()Aheard playingBheard to playCwere heard playingDwere heard to play 句子大意:昨天这个时候听到双胞胎正在弹吉他。我觉得他们最近可能正在为艺术节做准备。 答案详解:heard是hear的过去分词,表示听,动词,hear sb. Do sth.表示听见某人做某事,这是一个经常性、习惯性的动作;hear sb. Doing sth.表示听见某人正在做某事。根据题干中at this time yesterday及I think they might
16、 be preparing for the art festival these days.可知昨天这个时候听到双胞胎正在弹吉他,则此处应用hear sb. Doing sth.该结构。其次主语The twins和谓语hear是被动关系,表示被听到,则此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是主语+was/were done,则此处填写were heard playing。所以选 :C。2The kid _ do parttime jobs from a young age. As a result,he can manage his own life and nothing can get in
17、 the way to success.Awas made toBwas madeCis madeDwere made to 句子大意:这孩子很小的时候就被迫做兼职。因此,他可以管理自己的生活,没有什么可以妨碍成功。 答案详解:根据语境,题干主语kid(孩子)和其谓语make(迫使)之间是被动关系,且题干关键信息是from a young age,因此应用一般过去时态的被动语态,构成sb be made to do sth结构。注意:make sb do sth结构变为被动语态时,do前的to应还原,即应用to do不定式。所以选 :A。3People exercise in the park
18、 every morning in our city()Aare seeingBto seeCsawDare seen to 句子大意:在我们的城市,每天早晨可以看到人们在公园里锻炼身体 答案详解:答案:D首先根据时间状语 every morning,判断句中的谓语动词是经常性反复性的动作,所以用一般现在时,主语people 是动作 see的承受者,所以用被动语态,一般现在时被动语态的构成是:主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词,主语是复数名词,be动词用are,另外注意主动语态中:see sbdo sth在被动语态中应该改为:be seen to do sth,所以选 DThe tick
19、ets for Fantastic Beasts:The Secrets of Dumbledore _ well,and they will _soon.()Aare sold;sell outBare sold;be sold outCsell;sell outDsell;be sold out 句子大意:神奇动物:邓布利多之谜的门票卖得很好,很快就会售罄。 答案详解:sell售卖,sell well卖的好无被动语态,故第一空填sell。sell out卖光,主语they与动词短语sell out之间是被动关系,故第二空应填be sold out。所以选 :D。1Each student_
20、three minutes to make a speech.()Awas givenBwill giveChas givenDis giving 句子大意:每个学生都有三分钟的演讲时间。 答案详解:根据to make a speech可知,每个学生都有三分钟的演讲时间,应该用被动形式,结合选项可知选A项。所以选 :A。2Itll save me much time if theres a highspeed railwayconnecting(connect)Yixing Airport. 句子大意:如果有一条高速铁路连接宜兴机场,我会节省很多时间。 答案详解:a highspeed rai
21、lway与动词 connect是主动关系,所以用句型There bedoing sth.所以答案是connecting3Im thinking whether the dog_.It after returning from camping.()Aneeds washing, is smelt badlyBneeds to wash, smells badlyCneeds washing, smells badDneeds to be washed, is smelt bad 句子大意:我在想狗是不是需要洗。露营回来后,它闻起起来很不好。 答案详解:smell 闻起来,相当于系动词,后面接形容
22、词做表语。bad是形容词,badly是副词,所以badly不能选。need doingneed to be done 需要做某事,即某事需要被做,前者主动表被动。需要洗,need washingneed to be washed.所以选 :C。1 Do you think junior high school students to get their ears pierced? No,I dont think so. It is against the school rules.()Ashould allowBallowChave allowedDshould be allowed参考译文:
23、你认为应该允许初中生打耳洞吗?不,我不这么认为。这是违反校规的。 答案详解:初中生是被允许,所以要用被动语态,情态动词的被动语态的构成为:情态动词+be+动词过去分词。所以选 :D。2During the Tang dynasty(唐朝),nearly everything produced in the world _ on the streets of Changan.()Ais foundBhas been foundCwill be foundDcould be found参考译文:唐朝时期,世界上生产的几乎所有东西都可以在长安街头找到。 答案详解:句意:唐朝时期,世界上生产的几乎所有
24、东西都可以在长安街头找到。根据句意可知表示能够被找到,根据During the Tang dynasty可知用一般过去时,故用could be found表示。所以选 :D。3No matter how many difficulties we have,I believe all the problems can _ in the end.AsolveBbe solvedCanswerDbe answered参考译文:不管我们有多少困难,我相信所有的问题最终都能解决。 答案详解:根据语境,题干主语是problems(问题),结合选项,谓语动词表解决之意,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,表问题被解决
25、,习惯多用动词solve,与problem搭配;且设空前有情态动词can,因此应用情态动词的被动语态,即can be solved。所以选 :B。4-This math problem _ in half an hour.-Dont worry. Mr. Wang is good at math. He can make it.()Ais working outBwould work outCshould be worked outDhas worked out参考译文:-这道数学题应该在半小时内解出来。-别担心,王老师数学很好,他能做到。 答案详解:主语math problem 是动词wor
26、k out的承受者,根据句意可知用情态动词的被动语态,其构成是:情态动词+be +过去分词。所以选 :C。5Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it _ to the world.()Awas knownBis knownChas been knownDknows参考译文:一千多年前,中国的茶叶开始被运往国外,从此为世界所知。 答案详解:考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语since then可知用现在完成时态,结合it可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。现在完成时
27、的被动语态:have/has+been done。know的过去分词known;it has been known to the world.从此为世界所知。所以选 :C。6When and where to spend the holiday _ yetLets make it now()Ais decidedBdoesnt decideChas not been decidedDhas decided参考译文:-什么时候、去哪里度假还没有决定-让我们现在决定吧 答案详解:答案:C 根据yet可知,这是现在完成时的标志词,且yet用于否定句又知holiday是动词decide的承受者,二者是
28、被动关系,所以此处应使用现在完成时态否定形式的被动语态,其结构是havent/hasnt+been+过去分词又知此处to do不定式做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,所以此处应用has not been decided所以选 :C。7Is Bohai Bridge open to the public yet?YesIt _ for almost one and a half months()Ahas openedBhas being openedChas been openedDwas open参考译文:渤海桥对公众开放了吗?是的,它已经开放了差不多一个半月了 答案详解:根据It _ for al
29、most one and a half months中的时间状语for almost one and a half months可知应用现在完成时且动词要用延续性动词,又知open为非延续动词,be open为延续性动词短语;现在完成时的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词,所以填has been opened所以选 :C。8Little Mermaid(美人鱼) to Shanghai and visitors can see it there now()Ahas movedBhas been movedCwill moveDwas moved参考译文:小美人鱼已经被搬到了上海,游客们现在
30、在那里可以看到它 答案详解:答案:B根据后面一句 visitors can see it there now可知此处强调动作对现在造成的影响,判断句子中的谓语动词用现在完成时,主语Little Mermaid 是动作move 的承受者,所以用被动语态,现在完成时被动语态的构成是:主语+have/has been+动词的过去分词,所以选 B9Some new schools_in our city next year.()Aare builtBwere builtCwill buildDwill be built参考译文:明年我们的城市里要建一些新学校。 答案详解:A一般现在时的被动语态;B一般
31、过去时的被动语态;C一般将来时;D一般将来时的被动语态;句子的主语Some new schools和谓语动词build之间是被动关系,再结合next year可知,需要用一般将来时的被动语态,即,will be done.所以选 :D。10A new supermarket on Center Street next year.()Awas builtBwill be builtCis built参考译文:明年有一个新的超市将要在中心街道修建而成。 答案详解:A一般过去时的被动语态;B一般将来时的被动语态;C一般现在时的被动语态;根据句中的时间标志词 next year可知应该使用一般将来时态
32、。所以选 :B。11Li Yan_to the welcome party yesterday.()AinvitesBis invitedCwas invitedDwill invite参考译文:李燕昨天被邀请参加欢迎晚会。 答案详解:根据时间状语yesterday,可知句子时态用一般过去时,主语Li Yan和谓语动词invite之间是被动关系,因此要用被动语态;一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词的过去分词。所以选 :C。12Three Chinese astronauts_into space on June 5th,2022.()Awere takingBare taking
33、Cwere takenDare taken参考译文:2022年6月5日,三名中国宇航员被送入太空。 答案详解:根据on June 5th,2022,可知用一般过去时,astronauts和take之间是被动关系,因此用were taken。所以选 :C。13Its said that tea for the first time about 5,000 years ago.()AdrinksBdrankCis drunkDwas drunk参考译文:据说首次喝茶是在大约5000年以前。 答案详解:选项A是第三人称单数形式;选项B是过去式;选项C是一般现在时被动语态;选项D是一般过去时被动语态。
34、根据about 5,000 years ago意思可知本题时态是一般过去时,语态是被动语态(茶被喝),本题正确答案是D。所以选 :D。14People to take their temperatures before they go into the supermarket during the COVID19 pandemic (新冠疫情).I think its a good way to protect ourselves.()Aare askingBare askedCaskedDask参考译文: 在新冠肺炎疫情期间,人们被要求在进入超市之前量体温。我认为这是保护自己的好方法。 答案
35、详解:根据during the COVID19 pandemic 可知陈述事实,应用一般现在时,主语people和ask之间是被动关系,因此用一般现在时的被动语态are asked。所以选 :B。15Mmm. Delicious. What is it?It_zongzi,Tony. Its a traditional food in China.()AcallsBis calledCcalledDwas called参考译文:嗯好吃。它是什么?它被叫做粽子,托尼。在中国它是一种传统的食物。 答案详解:根据题干可知它被叫做粽子,其中主语It和谓语call是被动关系,即被叫做。其次题干时态是一般现在时,则此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构是主语+is/am/are done,则B选项符合题意。所以选 :B。16A lot of birds in nature parks every year.()AprotectBis protectedCare protectedDprotected参考译文:每年有许多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。 答案详解:主语birds和动词protect之间是被动关系,时态是一般现在时,birds是复数形式,使用are protected。所以选 :C。错