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1、情态动词【情态动词】情态动词表示说话者的情感、态度和语气,本身有一定的意义,但不能单独作谓语,须与动词原形一起构成句子的谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法含义例句can/could表示能力(=beableto)。能、会Tomcanswim.汤姆会游泳。IcouldridethebikewhenIwas6yearsold.当我六岁时,我会骑自行车。(疑问句中)表示建议、请求。可以Canyougiveusahand?你可以帮我们一下吗?表示许可(相当于may)。可以YoucanwatchTVonweekends.你可以在周末看电视。may/might表示客气请求,mi
2、ght语气较委婉。否定回答多用mustnt或cant。可以MayIgooutandplayfootball?我可以去外面踢足球吗?No,youmustnt.不,你不可以。may/might表示许可。可以Youmaygonow.你现在可以走了。表示祝愿。祝Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐!must表示义务、命令或要求。否定形式mustnt表示“禁止;不准”。必须,应该Youmustcomeearlytomorrow.你明天必须早点来。Youmustnttakephotoshere.你不准在这里拍照。need常用于否定句和疑问句中,否定形式neednt表示“不必,无需”。需要Heneedntw
3、orryaboutit.他不需要担心它。作实义动词,有人称和数的变化。需要Youdontneedtogonow.你不必现在就走。shall/shouldShall.?用于第一人称,表示建议或请求。好吗?Shallweasktheteacherforhelp?我们向老师寻求帮助好吗?should强调义务或责任,也可表示建议。应该Youshoulddoitbyyourself.你应该自己完成它。Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。will/would表示征求意见(第二人称疑问句中),would语气更委婉。可以吗?Will/Wouldyoupleaseta
4、keouttherubbish?你可以把垃圾拿出去吗?will表示意愿、意志(用于多种人称)。愿意Yourparentswilltrytheirbesttohelpyou.你的父母愿意尽最大的努力帮助你。haveto表示客观需求,have要根据主语形式和时态变化。不得不Hehastotakeataxibecauseoftherain.由于下雨他不得不乘坐出租车。hadbetter表示劝告、建议,had常缩写为d。最好Youdbettergotheretoday.你最好今天去那儿。要点提醒:1.can与be able to(1)相同点:后面都接动词原形;都可表示能力。(2)不同点:can只有一般
5、现在时和一般过去时,即can/could;可以用于否定句或疑问句中,表示判断或推测;be able to有多种时态变化以及人称和数的变化;表示“过去通过努力做成了某件事”只能用be able to。2.must与have to(1)must表示说话人的主观意志,意为“必须”,无人称和数的变化。其否定回答通常用dont have to或neednt,而不用mustnt。如:Must I finish my homework first?我必须先完成作业吗?No,you dont have to/neednt.不,你不必。(2)have to 意为“不得不”,往往强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用
6、于多种时态,且有人称和数的变化。如:It is going to rain.I have to go home now.快下雨了,我得回家了。We didnt want to go but we had to.我们并不想去但是不得不去。3.以could开头的,表示委婉请求的疑问句,要用can回答,不能用could回答。如:Could I borrow this book?我能借这本书吗?Sorry,you cant.对不起,你不能。【考点训练1】1. You _ walk too close to the edge of the hill because you might fall and
7、hurt yourselves. ( )A.mustnt B.mustC.can D.neednt 2.Must we clean the house now?No,you _ .You can do it tomorrow. ( )A.cant B.needntC.shouldnt D.mustnt3._ I use your ruler?Sure.Here you are. ( )A.Must B.MayC.Should D.Need4.With the help of the new technology,you _ e-mail your friends by mobile phone
8、. ( )A.can B.needC.must D.might5.How was the youth club last night,Mark?It was great fun.You _ come. ( )A.could B.mustC.may D.should【情态动词表推测的用法情态】动词用法含义例句can常用于否定句或疑问句中。can可能;cant不可能TheboycantbeJim.Hesmuchtaller.这个男孩不可能是吉姆。他要高很多。Whoisknockingatthedoor?Canitbethepostman?谁在敲门?可能是邮差吗?must表示肯定的推测。一定MrLi
9、mustbeworkingnow,forthelightinhisofficeisstillon.李先生一定还在工作,因为他办公室的灯仍然亮着。may/might常用于肯定句中,might表示的可能性较小。可能;也许Whereareyougoingthissummervacation?这个暑假你打算去哪儿?ImightgotoBeijing.ButImnotsure.我可能去北京,但我不确定。注意:could表推测时,语气比can要弱,说话者留有余地。如:Could it be an animal? 它可能是动物吗?It could not be,because it is not movin
10、g.不太可能,因为它不动。【考点训练2】1.Is Tom coming by train?He _ drive his car.Im not sure. ( )A.cant B.mayC.must D.need2.Listen! I think it _ be Mr.White singing in the office.No.It _ be him.He left for London just now. ( )A.must;mustnt B.may;mustntC.must;cant D.can;cant3.Excuse me,is this the right way to the Ch
11、ildrens Palace?Sorry,Im not sure.But it _ be. ( )A.mustnt B.mightC.cant D.must【中考示例】(2017广西)Tony, _ you sing English songs?Yes,I can. ( )A.can B.may C.need D.must【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:托尼,你会唱英文歌吗?是的,我会。根据句意可知此处询问的是能力,应用can。【考题热身】1.(2017云南)I saw Susan in the library just now.No,it _ be her.She went to Shan
12、ghai this morning.( )A.must B.cant C.may D.neednt2.(2017河北)I have travelled a lot.I _ speak four languages. ( )A.can B.may C.must D.need3.(2017安顺)Must I stay here with you,Mum?No,you _ .You may go home now,but you _ go to the net-bar. ( )A.mustnt;neednt B.neednt;mustntC.must;need D.need;must4.(2017重
13、庆B卷)Robert,could you wash the car for me?Yes,I _ .Im coming,dad. ( )A.could B.couldntC.can D.cant5.(2017天津)When you are travelling,bring a map because it _ help you. ( )A.cant B.mustntC.used to D.may6.(2017苏州)Dogs _ run through soccer games at the park.Its dangerous! ( )A.should B.shouldntC.need D.n
14、eednt7.(2017盐城)When a virus comes into our body,we get ill.The same thing _ also happen to a computer. ( )A. should B.need C.can D.must8.(2017上海)_ I park my car here for a while?No,you mustnt.Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”? ( )A.Would B.MayC.Must D.Should9.(2017荆州)Sixty dollars for such a T-shirt!
15、 You _ be joking!Im serious.Its made of silk from Hangzhou. ( )A. must B.need C.will D.can10.(2017阜康、米泉)Look! The man at the gate _ be our headmaster.He is always standing there every morning.No,it _ be him.He is holding a meeting in the office now. ( )A.must;cant B.must;mustntC.cant;cant D.cant;mustnt