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1、专项二 时态、语态 重难点16 现在完成时 1.现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）2.过去分词变化规则如下：1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加-ed 。workworkedworkedvisitvisitedvisit
2、ed（2）以 e 结尾的动词，只在词尾加-d 。 livelivedlived （3）以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加-ed 。studystudiedstudiedcrycriedcried（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed 。stopstoppedstoppeddropdroppeddropped2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cutcutcutithithit3.现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
3、I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响照片不在这里。2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。for + 时间段 译为：时间since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从以来)sinc
4、e + 时间段 + agosince + 从句(过去时)It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose.)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe out finishbe over openbe open diebe dead buyhave Fall illbe ill Come backbe back Put onbe on/wear Worrybe worried Catch a coldhave a cold4
5、.现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如for+时间段，since+时间点。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read,
6、 wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：Ive just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days,
7、 up to now, so far等。如：How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，
8、如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等5.现在完成时与一般过去时区别1. 侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）Mr Green h
9、as bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）2. 时间状语不同现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及for+段时间，since+过去时间/从句等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与时间段+ago，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：She has lived here sinc
10、e two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用这一知识点。典例解析（2022辽宁抚顺统考中考真题）在过去
11、的几年里，那个女孩儿取得了很大的进步。_.【答案】That girl has made great/much progress in the past/last few years【详解】根据题干可知，本句是现在完成时（have/has done）。that girl“那个女孩”作主语，助动词用has；固定短语make great/much progress in“在某方面取得很大的进步”，make的过去分词为made；in the past/ last few years“在过去的几年里”。故填That girl has made great/much progress in the pas
12、t/ last few years。一、单项选择1（2022河北统考中考真题）Sorry, I _ a mistake. Let me correct it.Awill makeBam makingCwas makingDhave made2（2022北京统考中考真题）Jim _ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.AlearnsBlearnedCwill learnDhas learned3（2022湖北武汉统考中考真题）Congratulations! You _ big progress in
13、 the last three years. Thank you, Mr. Li. Ill never forget the good times in Junior High.AmakeBmadeChave madeDwill make4（2022四川遂宁统考中考真题）You dance so well, Alice.Thanks. I _ Chinese dance since I was 5 years old.AlearnBlearntCam learningDhave learnt5（2022湖北十堰统考中考真题）Since he was a little boy, he _ in
14、love with music.AisBwasChas beenDhad been6（2022湖南怀化统考中考真题）We _ each other since I came to Changsha, but we often send emails.Ahavent seenBdidnt seeCdont see7（2022辽宁沈阳统考中考真题）The Art of War is great and I_ it many times so far.AreadBhave readCam readingDwill read8（2022黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题）Your watch is so coo
15、l! When did you get it?On my 12th birthday. I _ it for 3 years.AboughtBhave hadChave bought9（2022四川凉山统考中考真题）I havent seen Li Ming for days. Why?He _ Beijing. He will come back next month.Ahas been toBhas gone toCwill go to10（2022四川巴中统考中考真题）Its reported that a new high-speed railway will be finished
16、in recent years in our hometown, Bazhong. Yes. Great changes _ since I worked here.Awill take placeBwere taken placeChave taken placeDtook place11（2022江苏镇江统考模拟预测）Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please!What a pity! It is eight oclock now. It_ for a while.Ahas been
17、overBwas overChas finishedDfinished12（2022云南统考模拟预测）The documentary Aerial China航拍中国is wonderful. So far, I _ it three times.AwatchedBwill watchChave watchedDwatch13（2022山东滨州统考二模）Neither Jim nor Tom _ Australia before, but they know the country very well.Ahas gone toBhas been toChave gone toDhave bee
18、n to14（2022天津模拟预测）I _ this bike for three years. I like it so much.AboughtBhadChave boughtDhave had15（2022辽宁朝阳统考模拟预测）Why are you in such a hurry?Because the class _ for 10 minutes.Ahas been onBhas begunCis onDbegins16（2022湖北武汉模拟预测）Where is Betty? I talked with her about Chinese study the other day.D
19、ont you know? She _ to China to study further for the second time.AwentBhas beenChas goneDhad gone17（2022江苏常州统考一模）Jim, turn down the music. Our baby is sleeping.Dont worry. He_ for half an hour.Awoke upBhas woken upCwas awakeDhas been awake18（2022上海模拟预测）Lu Xun _ for over eighty years, but his works
20、still have a great influence today.AdiedBwas dyingChas diedDhas been dead19（2022湖北黄石黄石十四中校考模拟预测）The film The Battle at Lake Changjin（长津湖）_ very popular since it was on show.AbecomeBbecameCwill becomeDhas become20（2022北京模拟预测）I _ that movie several times, and I still want to see it again.AseeBsawCam s
21、eeingDhave seen二、完成句子21（2022辽宁统考中考真题）志愿者们已经来这儿将近一个月了。The volunteers _ for nearly a month.22（2022湖北统考中考真题）火车晚点了，我们已经在车站等候了两个小时。（wait）The train is late. We _ it at the station since two hours ago.23（2022重庆模拟预测）我已经很久没有收到他的来信。(完成译句)I havent _ _him for a long time.24（2022新疆统考二模）无现金支付已经改变了我们的生活方式,它真的很方便。C
22、ashless payment has _the_ of our life and it is really convenient.25（2022江苏统考一模）在同意他进校之前，我们有必要统计一下他旷了多久的课。Its necessary for us to work out _ before he is allowed to enter school.三、单词填空26（2022山东日照统考中考真题）My car has b_ down. Will you please give me a ride?27（2022四川内江统考中考真题）Its said that a new bridge wi
23、ll be b_ in our city next year.28（2022重庆重庆南开中学校考一模）My best friend Andy is such a talented boy that he has m_ three foreign languages in the past two years.29（2022广西贺州统考中考真题）She has already _ (找到) a new job.30（2022安徽模拟预测）The heavy rain has l_ (持续) for three days.四、同义句转化31（2022四川达州统考中考真题）Cathys parent
24、s got married twenty-five years ago.（改为同义句）Cathys parents _ _ married for twenty-five years.32（2022黑龙江统考中考真题）Tom borrowed the book two weeks ago. (改为同义句)Tom _ _ the book for two weeks.33（2022上海模拟预测）Lily borrowed the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer two weeks ago. (保持句意不变)Lily has _ the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer _ two weeks.34（2022黑龙江牡丹江统考二模）The movie Sniper （狙击手）began ten minutes ago.（改为同义句）The movie Sniper （狙击手）has _ for ten minutes.35（2022黑龙江绥化校考模拟预测）I borrowed this book a week ago.I _ _ this book _ a week.