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1、专题01-名词备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法专项练（通用版）一、单项选择1Whos that girl on the sofa?Shes _ sister Emma.ABob and FrankBBobs and FranksCBob and FranksDBobs and Frank【答案】C【详解】句意：沙发上的那个女孩是谁？她是鲍勃和弗兰克的妹妹艾玛。考查名词所有格。Bob and Frank鲍勃和弗兰克；Bobs and Franks鲍勃的和弗兰克的；Bob and Franks鲍勃和弗兰克共同的；Bobs and Frank鲍勃的和弗兰克。根据“She”可知，只有一个女孩，应该是
2、共同拥有的。故选C。2Id like to buy some _ in the supermarket.Achicken and potatoesBchickens and potatoCchicken and potatoDchickens and potatos【答案】A【详解】句意：我想在超市买一些鸡肉和土豆。考查名词辨析。chicken鸡肉；potato土豆。chicken作“鸡肉”讲时，不可数名词；potato是可数名词，复数是potatoes；some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选A。3From my _ on the top of the TV tower, I can ha
3、ve a perfect view of our city.AtraditionBconditionCpositionDsituation【答案】C【详解】句意：从我在电视塔顶部的位置，我可以完美地看到我们的城市。考查名词辨析。tradition传统；condition条件；position位置；situation形式，情况。根据“on the top of the TV tower,”可知，此处是要表示一个位置。故选C。4What a good _ youve given me! Thanks a lot.AinformationBnewsCsuggestionDadvice【答案】C【详解
4、】句意：你给了我一个多么好的建议啊！非常感谢。考查名词辨析。information信息，不可数名词；news新闻，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；advice建议，不可数名词。根据“What a good . youve given me!”可知，what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!；结合选项，应用suggestion。故选C。5Look at the two _ over there. They are teaching the boys to play the piano.Awomen teachersBwoman teacherCwoman teache
5、rsDwomans teachers【答案】A【详解】句意：看看那边的两位女老师。她们正在教孩子们弹钢琴。考查名词复数。根据英语语法，复合名词中，“man/woman +名词”构成的复合名词，两个词都要变成复数。此处表示“女教师”，故应用women teachers。故选A。6May I take your order, sir?Id like some _with vegetables.AriceBappleCcakeDbanana【答案】A【详解】句意：我可以下单了吗，先生？我想要一些米饭带蔬菜。考查名词辨析。rice米饭；apple苹果；cake蛋糕；banana香蕉。根据“some”可
6、知后接可数名词复数或不可数名词；结合选项，BCD项均为可数名词，应用复数形式。故选A。7Mike stayed awake for hours last night as he had too much _ before going to bed.AbiscuitBcoffeeCnoodleDchicken wing【答案】B【详解】句意：迈克昨晚好几个小时没睡觉，因为他睡前喝了太多咖啡。考查名词辨析。biscuit饼干，可数名词；coffee咖啡，不可数名词；noodle面条，可数名词；chicken wing鸡翅，可数名词。too much“太多”，修饰不可数名词，coffee符合题意。故
7、选B。8Peter often answers the teachers _ in class, doesnt he?Yes, he is very active.AproblemsBquestionsCmessagesDdifficulties【答案】B【详解】句意：彼得经常在课堂上回答老师的问题，不是吗？是的。他非常活跃。考查名词辨析。problems难题；questions问题；messages信息；difficulties困难。根据谓语动词“answers”可知，此处对应的宾语为“questions”。故选B。9Alan, how far is it from your home to
8、 school?Oh, its about two _ drive.AhourBhoursChoursDhours【答案】C【详解】句意：艾伦，从你家到学校有多远？哦，大约有两个小时的车程。考查名词所有格。根据“its about two”可知这里表达“大约两个小时”，小时“hour”为可数名词，故这里应用复数；分析“hour”与“drive”之间的关系可知此处表达“两个小时的车程”，应用所有格来表达，复数名词“hours”的所有格为“hours”。故选C。10The _ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New Yor
9、k.AtelephoneBdoorbellCclockDbike【答案】A【详解】句意：电话铃响了，帕特接了电话。是他儿子从纽约打来的。考查名词辨析。telephone电话；doorbell门铃；clock时钟；bike自行车。结合语境和下一句“It was his son calling from New York.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来，所以应该是电话铃声响了。故选A。11How_ is it from here to Beijing?Its about two _flight.Along, hoursBfar, hoursClong, hoursDfar, hours【答案】D【
10、详解】句意：从这到北京有多远？坐飞机大约两个小时。考查疑问词组及名词所有格。how long多长时间；how far多远。根据“大约坐飞机两小时”可知上文是问距离，表达“多远”，用how far，又由“flight”可知此处用名词所有格，空前有two。此处应用复数名词，故用hours。故选D。12Are you hungry?Yes. Please give us _.Athree breadBthree piece of breadCthree pieces of breadDthree pieces of breads【答案】C【详解】句意：你饿吗？是的。请给我三片面包。考查不可数名词及其
11、数的表达。three三，数词；bread“面包”，不可数名词，前面不能直接跟数词，要用“数词+量词+of”来表示；piece片，块；a piece of一片，piece 是可数的，因此达到两个及其以上要用其复数形式；three pieces of bread三片面包。故选C。13How can Linda say bad words about me? I thought we were good friends.Who told you that? Friends need _.AcourageBtrustCpleasureDsuccess【答案】B【详解】句意：琳达怎么能说我坏话？我以为我
12、们是好朋友。谁告诉你的？朋友之间需要信任。考查名词辨析。courage勇气；trust信任；pleasure愉快；success成功。根据“Who told you that?”可知，朋友之间的友谊不能只道听途说，是需要信任的。故选B。14Im hungry. Id like to have some _.AnoodleBwaterCpotatoDbread【答案】D【详解】句意：我饿了。我想要一些面包。考查名词辨析。noodle面条；water水；potato土豆；bread面包。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，排除AC；再由“Im hungry.”可知饿了需要吃的，排除B。故选D。1
13、5This year, the family went camping on _ Day, June 1st.AChildBChildsCChildrenDChildrens【答案】D【详解】句意：今年，全家在6月1日儿童节去露营。考查名词所有格。由语境可知，此处指“儿童节”，英文表达为“Childrens Day”。故选D。16Learning English in a classroom is important, while using English in real _ will improve your English skills greatly.ApositionsBsituat
14、ionsCeventsDexperiences【答案】B【详解】句意：在课堂上学习英语很重要，而将英语运用到真实情景中会大大提高你的英语技能。考查名词辨析。positions位置；situations情况；events事件；experiences经历。根据“using English in real.will improve your English skills greatly.”可知，表示在真实情景中使用英语会大大提高你的英语技能，故选B。17It was a _ day for Wu Dajing to win the first gold medal for the Chinese t
15、eam on February 5, 2022.So it was. He is the _ of all Chinese.Apride; proudBproud; proudCproud; prideDpride; pride【答案】C【详解】句意：2022年2月5日，武大靖为中国队夺得首枚金牌，这是值得骄傲的一天。确实。他是所有中国人的骄傲。考查词义辨析。pride名词，骄傲；proud形容词，骄傲的。第一处作定语修饰day，用形容词；第二处作表语，位于冠词the后，用名词。故选C。18These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmer
16、s.Awomen doctorsBwomen doctorCwoman doctorsDwoman doctor【答案】A【详解】句意：这些女医生被派到农村去帮助农民。考查名词复数。woman女人，可数名词，复数是women；doctor医生，可数名词，复数是doctors。根据“these”可知都用名词复数，these women doctors“这些女医生”，故选A。19The factory cannot continue its level of _ because the cost of the material has risen a lot. AinstructionBprodu
17、ctionCcontributionDcelebration【答案】B【详解】句意：由于材料成本上涨了很多，工厂不能继续它的生产水平了。考查名词辨析。instruction指示，说明；production生产，产量；contribution贡献；celebration庆祝。结合语境可知本句说的是工厂的生产水平与原料价格之间的关系，所以空处用名词production。故选B。20To tell you the truth. I dont want to join in the speech competition.Come on. You need more practice to build
18、up your _.AchallengeBconfidenceCinstructionDpersonality【答案】B【详解】句意：实话告诉你。我不想参加演讲比赛。来吧。你需要更多的练习来建立自信。考查名词辨析。challenge挑战；confidence自信；instruction指示；personality性格。根据“You need more practice to build up your.”可知，此处“confidence”符合语境，意为“建立自信”。故选B。二、根据汉语及首字母填空21The c_ (教练) helps me do better in the work.【答案】
19、(c)oach【详解】句意：教练帮助我在工作中做得更好。coach“教练”，可数名词，在句中作主语，根据“helps”可知，主语用单数。故填(c)oach。22The music has got a great b_ (节拍) that I enjoy dancing to.【答案】(b)eat【详解】句意：这音乐的节拍很好，我喜欢跟着跳舞。 根据中文以及首字母可知，此空应填beat表示“节拍”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填(b)eat。23 Can you come to my birthday party? Im afraid I cant. But thank you for your _
20、.（invite）【答案】invitation【详解】句意：你能来参加我的生日派对吗？恐怕我不能。但感谢您的邀请。根据“Can you come to my birthday party?”及英文提示可知，your后面接名词，故填invite的名词形式invitation“邀请”。故填invitation。24These UNICEF _ (office) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children.【答案】officers【详解】句意：这些联合国儿童基金会官员的愿望是改善当地儿童的生活条件。空处修饰其后的名词w
21、ish，指的是“官员的愿望”，用名词所有格形式，结合“these”可知，此处名词用复数形式，故填officers。25Erhu is one of Chinese musical i_. The most popular music is Erquan Yingyue.【答案】(i)nstruments【详解】句意：二胡是中国乐器之一。最受欢迎的音乐是二泉映月。根据“Erhu is one of Chinese musical.”及首字母提示可知，此处应该是名词instrument“乐器”；且one of后跟名词instrument的复数instruments。故填instruments。26
22、Mr. Smith likes taking p_. He often goes outside with his camera.【答案】(p)hotos#(p)ictures【详解】句意：史密斯先生喜欢拍照，他经常带着相机出门。根据“He often goes outside with his camera”可知，史密斯带着照相机出门是拍照片；“take photos/pictures”意为“拍照片”。故填(p)hotos/(p)ictures。27The c_ of stealing children was successfully caught by the police on Mar
23、. 19th in Chongqing.【答案】(c)riminal【详解】句意：3月19日，重庆警方成功抓获了这名盗窃儿童的罪犯。根据“The c.of stealing children was successfully caught by the police”可知，是抓住罪犯，criminal“罪犯”，根据“was”可知，使用名词单数形式，故填(c)riminal。28The National Post Office will make a set of special s_ to celebrate the 100th birthday of the CCYL (中国共青团)in 2
24、022.【答案】(s)tamps【详解】句意：2022年，国家邮政局将发行一套特别邮票，以庆祝中国共青团成立100周年。根据“The National Post Office”可知，国家邮政局应该是发行邮票，所以应该使用“stamp”，且为可数名词，根据“a set of”“一套”可知，应该使用可数名词复数。故填(s)tamps。29My parents always take p_ in everything good that I do.【答案】(p)ride【详解】句意：我父母总是为我做的每件好事感到自豪。根据“take p in everything good that I do”可知
25、，是为我做的好事感到自豪，take pride in“为自豪”，pride“自豪，骄傲”，名词。故填(p)ride。30Zhang Yimou is the chief d_ of the opening and closing ceremonies for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.【答案】(d)irector【详解】句意：张艺谋是2022年北京冬奥会开幕式和闭幕式的主导演。根据“Zhang Yimou is the chief.of the opening and closing ceremonies for the 2022 Beijing Win
26、ter Olympics.”及首字母提示可知，张艺谋是主导演，故填director“导演”，可数名词，又因为谓语动词is是单数。故填(d)irector。31Her parents are tall but she is of medium h_.【答案】(h)eight【详解】句意：她的父母很高但是她是中等身高。“be of medium height”表示“中等身高”。故填(h)eight。32There are many famous national _(英雄) in Chinese history.【答案】heroes【详解】句意：中国历史上有许多著名的民族英雄。根据“in Chin
27、ese history.”可知，此处是在中国历史上，有许多著名的民族英雄，hero“英雄”，是名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填heroes。33Of all the _ (女演员), I admire Audrey Hepburn most.【答案】actresses【详解】句意：在所有女演员中，我最钦佩奥黛丽赫本。actress“女演员”，是名词，空前有all修饰，名词用复数形式，故填actresses。34After a heated _ (讨论), the headmasters from different schools reached an agreement.【答案】di
28、scussion【详解】句意：经过激烈的讨论，不同学校的校长达成了一致意见。discussion“讨论”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填discussion。35Life is like a box of _. You never know what youre gonna get.（巧克力）【答案】chocolates【详解】句意：生命就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道你将会拿到哪块。介词“of”后缺宾语，表达“一盒巧克力”用“a box of chocolates”。故填chocolates。36The two boys are about the same _ (体重) and age.
29、【答案】weight【详解】句意：这两个男孩的体重和年龄差不多。由语境和汉语提示可知，“体重”译成：weight；这里用作不可数名词。故填weight。37His father is a famous _ (工程师).【答案】engineer【详解】句意：他的父亲是一位著名的工程师。由语境和汉语提示可知，“工程师”engineer；由前面的“a”可知，这里用单数形式。故填engineer。38Check your answers carefully, and you can avoid making _（错误）.【答案】mistakes【详解】句意：仔细核对答案，你能避免犯错。根据语境和所给汉
30、语提示可知，这里考查短语make mistakes“犯错”, mistakes是可数名词，“错误”。故填mistakes。39We are from _.（中国）【答案】China【详解】句意：我们来自中国。be from“来自”，后接地点，根据中文提示可知，此空应填China表示“中国”，故填China。40Thanks to the government, more and more _ (村民) in our village have happier lives.【答案】villagers【详解】句意：多亏了政府，我们村里越来越多的村民过上了更幸福的生活。“村民”villager，可数名
31、词；“more and more”后跟名词的复数形式。故填villagers。三、完成句子41我喜欢甜食，你知道的。I have a _ _, you know.【答案】 sweet tooth【详解】空处表示“甜食”，have a sweet tooth“喜欢甜食”，故填sweet；tooth。42我叫托尼史密斯，史密斯是我的姓。My name is Tony Smith and Smith is my _ _.【答案】 last#family name【详解】姓：last name/family name，固定用法。故填last/family；name。43一些人认为这些石头能够预防疾病并
32、能使人们保持健康。Some people think the stones can prevent _ and keep people _.【答案】 illness healthy【详解】根【据中英文对照可知第一空应填“疾病”。illness“疾病”，是名词；第二空应填“健康”，healthy“健康的”，是形容词作宾语补足语。故填illness；healthy。44我更喜欢自己创作音乐的歌手。I _ _ that write their own music.【答案】 prefer singers【详解】由中英文可知第一空用动词“更喜欢prefer”，本句用一般现在时，主语是“I”，所以pref
33、er用原形；本句包含一个定语从句，由中文可知第二空为定语从句的先行词“歌手”，用可数名词singer，定语从句的动词是“write”，说明singer应为复数。故填prefer；singers。45我们齐心协力就能创造更加美好的未来。Together, our actions can lead to a _ _.【答案】 better future【详解】此处缺少“更加美好的未来”，表达为better future，用比较级修饰名词，故填better；future。46在2012年，刘翔回到了国际110米栏赛第一的位置。Liu Xiang returned to the _ _ in the
34、world 110m hurdles race in 2012.【答案】 first place【详解】空处缺少“第一的位置”；“第一”first，常与定冠词the连用；“位置”place，被the first修饰，应用单数形式。故填first；place。47教学生们在日常生活中如何节能是必需的。(汉译英)Its necessary _.【答案】to teach students how to save energy in daily lives【详解】句子是“its+形容词+动词不定式”的结构，“it”是形式主语，真正的主语用动词不定式，“教”teach，间接宾语是“学生们”用复数名词“s
35、tudents”，直接宾语用“疑问词+动词不定式” 的结构，表达“如何节能”用“how to save energy”。表达“在日常生活中”用短语“in daily lives”。故填to teach students how to save energy in daily lives。48与传统学习相比，网上学习为我们打开了一个全新的世界。(汉译英)_, online study _.【答案】 Compared with the traditional study opens up a whole new world for us【详解】表达“与某物相比”用过去分词“compared wit
36、h”作状语，放在句首首字母“c”大写。表达“传统学习”用短语“the traditional study”。句子是一般现在时，主语“online study”是单数概念，动词用三单形式，表达“打开”用短语“opens up”。表达“一个全新的世界”用“a whole new world”，表达“为我们”用介词“for”和人称代词的宾格“us”。故填Compared with the traditional study；opens up a whole new world for us。49自去年以来,我们小区就以其开阔的空间和优美的环境而闻名。(汉译英)Our community _ sinc
37、e last year.【答案】has been famous for its open space and beautiful environment【详解】根据“since last year”可知，句子是一般现在时。主语“Our community”是单数概念，表达“闻名”用短语“has been famous for”。根据“我们小区”可知，表达“其”用形容词性物主代词“its”。表达“开阔的空间”用短语“open space”，表达“优美的环境”用“beautiful environment”，用连词“and”连接名词短语形成并列。故填has been famous for its
38、open space and beautiful environment。50作为志愿者在社区中心工作是很有意义的。Its meaningful to _. 【答案】work as volunteers at community centres#work as a volunteer at community centres【详解】空格处应表示“作为志愿者在社区中心工作”；work as volunteers/a volunteer作为志愿者工作，动词为原形，和to构成动词不定式； at community centres“在社区中心”。故填work as volunteers/a volunteer at community centreswork。