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1、专题十二基本句式和主谓一致【考点一】简单句的五种类型【图解】【考点二】疑问句的四种类型类型问句结构举例一般疑问句以系动词be开头Are you a student? 以助动词开头Do you get up early in the morning? 以情态动词开头Can you help me? 特殊疑问句疑问代词(what, who, whom, which, whose )引导What do you usually do in your spare time? Who is the man over there? 疑问副词(when, why, where, how)引导Why do yo
2、u like pandas? How does he go to school? 疑问词短语(how many, how much, how often, how long, how soon, how old, how far, what time等)引导How much is the T-shirt? How often do you watch TV? What time do you have breakfast? 选择疑问句一般疑问句+or+另一个选择部分? Do you like English or Chinese? 特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择项? Whose is t
3、his, Jims or Bills? 反意疑问句肯定陈述句+一般疑问句的否定简略式? Kate has been to Beijing twice, hasnt she? 否定陈述句+一般疑问句的肯定简略式? You dont come from Jinan, do you? 【注意】反意疑问句的几个特殊点1. 如果陈述部分含有否定词 no, little, none, nobody, nothing, few等时, 其附加疑问部分用其肯定形式。2. 当陈述部分的主语是 everyone, everybody, someone, somebody等不定代词时, 反意疑问句中的主语往往用the
4、y。3. there be 结构的附加疑问部分用be there或 be not there的相应形式。【拓展迁移】在反意疑问句中, 附加疑问部分的主语要用代词。如: Lucy and Lily are from America, arent they? (不能说 arent Lucy and Lily)【图解】【考点三】感叹句的结构类别结构举例以what引导What + a/an+adj. +单数可数名词+主语+谓语! What a beautiful mountain it is! 多么美丽的山啊! What+adj. +复数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! What great inven
5、tions he has made! 他的发明多么伟大啊! What+adj. +不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! What bad weather it is today! 今天的天气多么糟糕啊! 以how引导How+adj. +a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is! 他是多么聪明的男孩啊! How+adj. /adv. +主语+谓语! How quickly Tom runs! 汤姆跑得真快! 【语法串记】 感叹句口诀感叹句, 表情感, how, what放句前。名词词组跟what, how形副紧相连。为了句子更简洁, 主谓部分也可略。【图解】
6、【考点四】祈使句1. 肯定形式的祈使句类型结构举例Do型动词原形+(宾语)+其他Sit down(, please). Be型Be +表语+其他Be quiet. Let型Let+宾语+动词原形+其他Let me get it. 2. 否定形式的祈使句类型结构举例Do型Dont+动词原形+(宾语)+其他Dont open the window. Be型Dont+be +表语+其他Dont be late for class. Let型Dont +let+宾语+动词原形+其他Dont let him go. Let +宾语+not+动词原形+其他Let him not go. 【拓展迁移】(1)
7、祈使句之后的附加疑问部分常用“will you? ”。如: Dont run in the hallways, will you? (2)以Lets 开头的祈使句, 附加疑问部分常用“shall we? ”。Lets play soccer after school, shall we? (3)有些祈使句可用no开头, 用来表示禁止(做某事)。如: No photos! 禁止拍照! No smoking! 禁止吸烟! 【考点五】倒装句常见的几种倒装句结构结构含义举例There be. . . 句型表示“存在”, 主语在谓语动词be的后面。谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致There is some
8、milk in the bottle. So +助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同Jim likes sports. So does his brother. Neither +助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语表示与上文提到的否定情况相同Jane cant swim. Neither can I. “Only +副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首only 引导的状语置于句首, 采用部分倒装Only in this way can we achieve our dream. 【拓展迁移】“so+主语+系动词(助动词或情态动词)”结构, 意为“确实如此”。此结构是对前
9、面提到的肯定事实予以确认, 表示乙赞同甲的话。这种句型中, 前后句主语相同。如: It may be in that pocket. 它可能在那个口袋里。Ah, so it is. 啊, 真的。【考点六】主谓一致的三个原则原则特征举例语法一致主语为单数形式, 谓语用单数形式He does his homework every evening. 主语为复数形式, 谓语也用复数形式You and I are good students. 意义一致主语形式虽为单数, 但意义为复数, 谓语用复数The people are busy with their work. 集体名词(family, clas
10、s, team 等)作主语, 若表示整体概念, 谓语动词用单数; 若表示集体中的成员, 谓语动词用复数形式My family is big. My family are watching TV now. 就近原则谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语Neither you nor he likes pop music. Either he or I am an English teacher. 【拓展】1. 表示度量、时间、距离、金额等复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词往往用单数。如: Seventy miles is a long distance. 七十英里是一段很长的路程。2. 主语后面跟
11、由with, together with, except, like, but等引导的短语时, 其谓语动词的单复数与其前面的主语的数一致。如: Tom with his parents has gone to Beijing. 汤姆和他父母已经去北京了。3. a number of + 名词复数作主语时, 谓语用复数; the number of+名词复数作主语时, 谓语用单数。如: A number of students want to plant trees tomorrow. 明天很多学生想去植树。4. or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . no
12、r. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 等连接的并列主语或在there be 句型中, 通常使用就近原则。如: Either he or I am right. 或者他对, 或者我对。【图解】【语法串记】 主谓一致记忆口诀集体名词作主语, 重全体时谓用单。如若强调其成员, 复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓用复, people、police即这般。单数主语接介短, 谓语单数介无关。就近原则要牢记: 除了either. . . or, neither. . . nor, not only. . . but aslo, 还有there be结构。【练真题】一、简单句专练(
13、B)1. (2021贵港中考)What do you think of Jack? He is honest. All of us trust him. A. 主语B. 谓语C. 状语D. 宾语(A)2. (2021东营中考)Life isnt always perfect, but its up to you to make your life better. A. 表语B. 宾语C. 主语D. 谓语(C)3. (2021连云港中考改编)The programme “Drive less, cycle more” will make streets much safer(安全的). A. 状
14、语B. 宾语C. 宾语补足语D. 定语二、疑问句专练1. (2021宿迁中考改编)I have ever been to Laoshe Teahouse. (改为一般疑问句)Have you ever been to Laoshe Teahouse? 2. (2021宿迁中考)Jeff does some volunteer work in the community every month. (改为一般疑问句)Does Jeff do any volunteer work in the community every month? 3. (2021邵阳中考改编)He has owned th
15、e model plane since he was eight. (对画线部分提问)How long has he owned the model plane? 4. (2020达州中考) David can hardly speak Chinese. (改为反意疑问句) David can hardly speak Chinese, can he? 三、感叹句专练(B)1. (2021贵阳中考) Bill went to watch the boat races. fantastic the dragon boat teams were! A. WhatB. HowC. What a(D)
16、2. (2021襄阳中考)nice weather it is to go hiking! Would you like to go with me? Good idea! Lets go. A. How aB. How C. What a D. What3. (2020上海中考) The volunteer worked hard to get more kids back to school. (改为感叹句)How hard the volunteer worked to get more kids back to school! 四、祈使句专练1. (2020黔西南州中考) You sh
17、ouldnt tell lies to others and learn to be honest! (改为祈使句)Dont tell lies to others and learn to be honest! 2. (2020黔南州中考) You shouldnt walk across the road when the light is red. (改为祈使句)Dont walk across the road when the light it red! (A)3. (2021梧州中考) your hands before dinner, Tony. No problem, Mom.
18、 A. WashB. WashesC. WashingD. To wash五、倒装句专练(B)1. (2021绥化中考)Only at that time that he was wrong. A. he realizedB. did he realizeC. he did realize(C)2. (2021恩施中考)I have never been to Tenglong Cave. A. Neither do I. B. So have I. C. Neither have I. 【明策略】“结构”法判断简单句一个简单句只有一个“主谓结构”, 常见的主语和谓语的结构有: 1. 一个主语
19、+一个谓语2. 两个或多个并列的主语+一个谓语3. 一个主语+两个或多个并列的谓语“四步”完成对画线部分提问第一步: 用特殊疑问词, 代替画线部分。疑问词有what、when、how、where、who、which、whose等。第二步: 把原句变成一般疑问句(画线部分是主语或主语的定语除外)。第三步: 特殊疑问词加上一般疑问句, 画线部分省略。第四步: 归纳分析, 写出正确答案。陈述句变为感叹句的方法“一断二加三换位”(1)“一断”, 即在谓语后边断开, 使句子分为两部分。如: She isa beautiful girl. He works hard. (2)“二加”, 即如果第二部分为副
20、词、形容词, 就加上how; 如果是一个名词(词组), 就加上what。如: She is(what) a beautiful girl. He works(how)hard. (3)“三换位”, 即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置, 同时把句号换为感叹号。如: What a beautiful girl she is! How hard he works! 六、主谓一致专练(B)1. (2021柳州中考)Helike his brother. A. lookB. looksC. looking(B)2. (2021黔东南州中考)About of the students in Kaili to
21、school by bus. A. two fifth; goB. two fifths; goC. two fifth; goesD. two fifths; goes(C)3. (2021绥化中考)This pair of sockssoft. Ill take. A. feel; itB. feels; itC. feels; them(A)4. (2020青海中考) an amusement center, some restaurants and hundreds of stores in the shopping mall. Wow, its amazing. I will go next week. A. There isB. There areC. There will be主谓一致会做题, 主要明确三道理! 1. 明确主语单复数, 依据主谓语法一致原则; 2. 谈论部分与整体, 用含义一致原则; 3. 选择情况, 用就近一致原则。关闭Word文档返回原板块