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1、考点33 阅读理解推理判断之作者的写作态度（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型推理判断之写作态度阅读理解2023 试卷类型设问考点2023新高考全国卷D35.What is the authors attitude toward Navajas studies?写作态度【2023年1月浙江卷】B25What was the attitude of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?写作态度20212021新高考I卷阅读D34. What is the authors attitude to the popul
2、arization of emotional intelligence?写作态度2021北京65. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？写作态度20202020年新课标卷C篇31. Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?写作态度2020年，天津卷，第一次高考23.What is the authors attitude towards the prospect of electric flying?
3、写作态度2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中作者的写作态度考查了4次。主要考查：根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断作者的写作态度。作者的写作态度的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文章中作者对某事物的态度和看法；2.作者的态度一般分为三种：支持；反对；中立。【备考策略】系统归类作者的写作态度的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】通过阅读理解中，推断作者的写作态度考查考生对作者基于文章某事的态度和看法，以达到和作者共鸣。因此，推断作者的写作态度的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。【2024年高考命题预测】推理判断之写作态度考点是高考中的
4、常考点。作者发表文章总有自己的观点和主张，也会自然流露出对某事的态度。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题。预测在2024高考中，写作态度可能会在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之写作态度考点指南】规律方法：常见的设问方式：1.What is the authors attitude to .?2. Which word best describes the authors attitude to.?3. The authors attitude towards . may best be described as .做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种
5、：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)
6、；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失望的)等。中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。1.2023新高考全国卷DOn March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the“wisdom of crowds” effect. The experime
7、nt of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors arent always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimat
8、e. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors wont cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates
9、 be independent. If for whatever reasons, peoples errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided
10、 into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the
11、average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least
12、 willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasnt the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they“shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navaj
13、as have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. ()35.What is the authors attitude toward Navajas studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.2.【2023年1月浙江卷】BLive with roommates? Have friends and family around y
14、ou? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with m
15、y husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years b
16、ack. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.
17、It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustaina
18、ble. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes,
19、you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what youre doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Le
20、ad by action.25What was the attitude of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?AHe disapproved of it.BHe was favorable to it.CHe was tolerant of it.DHe didnt care about it.3.2021年新高考I卷之D篇 Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Ma
21、ny people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of t
22、hese qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find h
23、ow best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of
24、the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the publi
25、c and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion
26、. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popular
27、ization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.4.【2020全国I】Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The l
28、ongest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.
29、Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers movi
30、ng at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as runni
31、ng does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated wit
32、h running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably
33、first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.306Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?ASkeptical.BObjective.CTolerant.DConservative.1.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】One summer midnight, standing outside a wooden house in M
34、ichigans Upper Peninsula, I looked up. The sight of thousands of stars was almost enough to make me, a non-believer, offer a word of gratitude up into the star-filled sky. But to whom? Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of The Darkness Manifesto.A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in weste
35、rn Sweden. His work requires an absolute kind of darkness unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is threatened. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two-thirds of the churches in Sweden housed bat caves. Not any longer. “Today, this number has been reduced by a third due to light pollution
36、, because the churches all glow brightly in the night.” he writes.We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit. The night sky in Hong Kong is 1200 times brighter than an unlit one. Citizens of some large cities, writes Eklof, have never allowed their eyes
37、to adapt to true night vision. But we are only now beginning to understand the effects.Too much light is incredibly destructive to the complex eco-systems many animals inhabit. It scares away the bats that Eklof studies; reef fish eggs go unhatched; birds forget to even sing.So how can we deal with
38、the too much light? In 2019, France passed laws limiting how much light can be sent into the sky. In Vienna, Austria, the citys lights are turned off at 11 p.m. Some measures, like artificial lights that do not reflect light upward, are already within our grasp. “We could just turn it all off, but I
39、 guess we dont want to, because darkness is not safe for everyone.” said Eklof in a recent interview. “So its vital we find a middle way.”Right now, its hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be lit by environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have comp
40、letely forgotten what darkness is the sky filled with little moons.8What do we know about Eklofs work?AIt reduces light pollution.BIt focuses on stars and sky.CIt strengthens peoples belief.DIt requires a specific condition.9What can replace the underlined “it” in meaning in paragraph 3?ADarkness.BA
41、n unlit city.CFloodlighting.DThe night sky.10What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about regarding light pollution?ACause and damage.BEffect and solution.CConsequence and disadvantage.DAnalysis and potential.11What is the writers attitude toward lighting management?ABalanced.BNegative.CUnclear.DConserv
42、ative.2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】All human languages use vowels and consonants (元音和辅音) to express ideas. Most primates (灵长类) communicate almost using vowel-like calls, but non-human great apes (猿), like chimpanzees, produce consonant-like sounds to varying degrees. This raises the question of where
43、consonants came from, says Adriano Lameira at the University of Warwick. To find it out, he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes. He found that orangutans (猩猩), which spend most of their time in the trees, produce a greater number and variety of consonant
44、 sounds than gorillas and chimpanzees living on the ground. “Orangutans have rich sounds like kiss sounds, scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. They typically use these sounds while building nests or commencing with their young.Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are ex
45、ports at processing protected foods. Like nuts, which often requires tools. While living in trees, however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to maintain stability. They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to use their mouths as a “f
46、ifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example.This advanced motor skill enables orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira. This could mean that our early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “Theres a growing sense that our dep
47、endency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.The link between feeding and sounds doesnt apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues Lameira, because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently.“This is an interesting assu
48、mption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questions some aspects. As humans arent tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.12What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?AWhy vowels and consonants are used.BWhat ideas the consonants express.CWhere the consonants came from.DHow common the consonants are.13What fact can support Adriano L