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1、考点09 现在时态和语态(核心考点精讲精练)1. 三年真题考点分布题型语法填空高考考点现在时态和语态新高考卷20232022is designed一般现在时的被动语态20212022全国甲卷20232022has walked现在完成时2021浙江1月高考卷20232022is viewed或has been viewed一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态2021is considered一般现在时的被动语态2023全国乙卷2023means一般现在时202220212. 命题规律及备考策略(高考语法填空命题:先选好主题语篇,然后再定语法考点,所以2023年新高考I卷,没有考查动词时态
2、和从句,因为语篇不具备考查素材,所以语法复习要全面。)【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于现在时态和语态的考查共计5次,主要考查:1现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义和构成;2一般现在时的意义和构成;3. 现在进行时的意义和构成;4. 在具体语境中正确判断和使用现在时态;5. 有关现在时态的句型运用。【备考策略】熟记现在时态的意义和构成,正确判断和使用现在时态和语态。【命题预测】2024年语法填空继续考查现在时态,主要集中考查一般现在时和现在完成时的语态和时态的判断及运用,同时兼顾其他现在时态。(给你最全面、实用的考点总结)考点1一般现在时必备基础知识:1主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常
3、或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often,always,from time to time等时间状语。2表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理。重难点知识:1在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有时间:when,until,after,before,as soon as,once,the moment/the minute,the day等;条件:if,unless,provided,so/as long as等。2用于here,there开头的倒装句中,一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。(2023全国乙卷 语法填空)The remarkable development of t
4、his city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.【答案】means【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,本句阐述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且句子主语the remarkable development of th
5、is city为第三人称单数,故本空应填means。1(2023广西南宁市高三一模)Oldfashioned but unique architecture _ (reflect) history, charactereven the culture of a city.【答案】reflects【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:老式但独特的建筑反映历史和特征,甚至一个城市的文化。根据句意,本句表示现在状况和特点。故填reflects。2.(2023湖北省腾云联盟八月联考)Compared with the two predecessors, the Fujian is much bigge
6、r and heavier. In addition to the J-15 fighter jet, the new carrier _ (expect) to have new advanced combat planes or drones.【答案】is expected【解析】考查动词时态语态主谓一致。句意:除了歼-15战斗机,新航母预计将配备新的先进战斗机或无人机。结合句意表示“预计”可知短语为be expected to,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为the new carrier,谓语用单数。故填is expected。3(2023贵州省贵阳市高三一模)A native pla
7、nt of China, bamboo mainly _ (grow) in regions south of the Yangtze River.【答案】grows【解析】本句描述事实,应用一般现在时;主语A native plant of China, bamboo是单数。故填grows。考点2现在进行时必备基础知识:现在进行时的构成为“am/is/are doing”。表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事,虽然此时动作不一定正在进行,常与these days,this week等时间状语连用。重难点知识:1现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作,这类动词主要有go,come,leav
8、e,stay,start,arrive,land,meet,move,return,stay,stop,do等。2表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与always,continually,constantly,forever,all the time等连用。2021八省1月联考Apps (short for applications) _(become)increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason.【答案】are becoming【解析】考查动词时态。目前应用程序有充分的理由越来越流行。根据句中的increa
9、singly可知,此处表达的是一个动态的过程,意为:越来越。故用现在进行时。故填are becoming。Now, a Seattlebased company is working to bring equally deep analysis to the trillions of proteins within our bodies.1(2023福建省泉州市高三质量检测)Now, a Seattlebased company _ (work) to bring equally deep analysis to the trillions of proteins within our bod
10、ies.【答案】is working【解析】考查动词时态。句意:现在,一家总部位于西雅图的公司正在致力于对我们体内的数万亿蛋白质进行同样深入的分析。此处now是解题关键,表明用现在进行时。故填is working。2【江苏省徐州市2021届高三上学期期中】“When you see the stars and auroras in the night sky, you have a feeling that universe _(talk) to you. The South Pole shaped me and it has become more than the name of a pl
11、ace for me. It is a distant home.【答案】is talking【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当你看到夜空中的星星和极光时,你会有一种宇宙正在对你说话的感觉。从句中表示动作正在进行,应用现在进行时,且主语为universe,谓语动词应用单数。故填is talking。3【江苏省苏州市2021届八校联盟高三第一次适应性检测】Three projects _ (compete) to build a moon lander that will transport two astronauts to the moon from the Orion spaceship. T
12、he competitors are all private companies, Blue Origin, SpaceX and Dynetics.【答案】are competing【解析】考查动词时态,句意:三个项目正在竞争建造一个月球着陆器,这个着陆器将把两名宇航员从猎户座飞船送到月球。根据语境可知,此处表示现在正在发生的事情,应使用现在进行时。故填are competing。考点3现在完成时必备基础知识:现在完成时的构成为“have/hasdone”。表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now,so far,already,yet,now,
13、recently,in the past few years,just,since then等表示时间的词连用,表示过去的动作对现在的影响。重难点知识:1用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。2在“It/This is the best (worst,most interesting等)名词从句”中,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。3在“It/This the first/second/third.timethat从句”中,that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao _ (walk) throug
14、h 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas highest mountain. 【答案】has walked【解析】考查动词时态。在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填has walked。1(2023河北省石家庄一中高三月考)Thanks to their efforts, Dongting Lake ecol
15、ogy _ (take) on a complete new look so far.【答案】has taken【解析】考查时态。句意:由于他们的努力,洞庭湖生态目前已经呈现出全新的面貌。句中so far是关键词,故用现在完成时。故填has taken。2(2023山西省太原市高三阶段检测)So far, circumpolar (极地附近的) peoples, native Alaskans among them, _ (see) that their customs and livelihoods are in danger because of the scrambled seasons
16、 and retreating ice.【答案】have seen【解析】根据时间状语so far 可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语circumpolar peoples 是复数。故填have seen。3(2023江苏省海安市高三学业质量监测)“We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our village _ (restore),” said Qi.【答案】has been restored【解析】此处指“既然我们村庄的自然美景已经恢复,我们大家都可以更自由地呼吸了”。根据句意及now that引导从句可知,
17、此处应为现在完成时。主语the natural beauty和动词restore是被动关系。故填has been restored。考点4现在完成进行时必备基础知识:现在完成进行时的构成为“have/hasbeendoing”。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。重难点知识:1. 表示重复性动作;2. 表示某种感情色彩。吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试Li, born in 1990, _ (live) with her grandparents in Mianyang, Sichuan, since the age of 6 after her
18、father died.【答案】has been living/has lived【解析】考查时态。李出生于1990年,父亲去世后,从6岁起,一直与祖父母住在四川绵阳。根据句中“since the age of 6”可知,句子应为现在完成时。故可填has lived;或用现在完成进行时,表示动作开始于过去,持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去。故可填has been living。故填has been living/has lived。(2023广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟)Since then, Liu _(volunteer)to support the group.【答案】has bee
19、n volunteering【解析】考查时态。句意:从那时起,刘就一直志愿支持这个团体。此句的时间状语为since then和句意可知,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,强调动作的持续性,故应用现在完成进行时,主语Liu是第三人称单数,故填has been volunteering。【关键能力】动词时态与语法填空:在语法填空中,动词的时态是必考内容。应对策略1句中若缺少谓语,注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间,然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。2句中缺少谓语,且与主语存在被动关系,考虑根据时间和动作
20、存在的方式,确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。3在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时,我们可从四个方面来进行判断:(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如:was/were about to do.when.did.It is/has been时间段since从句(一般过去时)It/This/That is the first time that.have/has done.或It/This/That was the first time that.had done.Its (high time) that.did/sho
21、uld do.Hardly had主语done.when.did.或No sooner had主语done.than.did.这样的句型还有很多,平时要注意积累。(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动,还需看所给词是否为及物动词,是否考查主动表被动等。(5)注意主谓是否一致。(2012新课标,18)The manager(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 【答案】has been telling【解析】此处表示从九点钟一直持续并依然在进行的动作,故用现在完成进行时。基础过关(最新模拟试题演练)1.(2023
22、浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)However, there is room for constant _ (improve), as some parts of the C919 _ (import) from the West.【答案】are imported【解析】考查时态语态。句意:然而,由于C919的一些部件是从西方进口的,所以还有不断改进的空间。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文there is room可知为一般现在时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填are imported。2.(2023浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)Even the Changjiang-1000A engin
23、e, a domestic alternative, _ (have) many imported parts. 【答案】has【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:即使是国产的长江1000A发动机,也有许多进口部件。此处主语为the Changjiang-1000A engine,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。3.(2023湖北省腾云联盟八月联考)Compared with the two predecessors, the Fujian is much bigger and heavier. In addition to the J-15 fighter jet,
24、the new carrier _ (expect) to have new advanced combat planes or drones.【答案】is expected【解析】考查动词时态语态主谓一致。句意:除了歼-15战斗机,新航母预计将配备新的先进战斗机或无人机。结合句意表示“预计”可知短语为be expected to,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为the new carrier,谓语用单数。故填is expected。4.(2023粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考)Often called the Porcelain (瓷器) Capital for its important r
25、ole in the domestic and international ceramic (陶瓷) industry, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province is famous for its ancient porcelain production that _ (date) back to more than 1, 700 years ago. 【答案】dates【解析】考查时态。句意:江西景德镇因其在国内外陶瓷业中的重要作用而被称为瓷都,其古老的瓷器生产可追溯到1700多年前。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,定语从句中谓语与先行词production保持一致,应用第三
26、人称单数。故填dates。5.(2023粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考)As the most important ceramic production center in China, Jingdezhen produces high-quality porcelain that _37_ (appreciate) both in China and worldwide. 【答案】is appreciated【解析】考查时态语态。句意:作为中国最重要的陶瓷生产中心,景德镇生产的优质瓷器在中国和世界各地都很受欢迎。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文Jingdezhen produces可知为一般现
27、在时的被动语态,定语从句中谓语与先行词high-quality porcelain保持一致,用单数形式。故填is appreciated。6.(2023广东省高三开学大联考)The Chinese diet _(emphasize)rice and grains, followed by fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. 【答案】emphasizes【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:中国人的饮食突出大米和谷物,其次是水果、蔬菜、坚果和种子。句子主语是The Chinese diet,第三人称单数,讲述客观事实用一般现在时。故填emphasizes。7.
28、(2023广东省高三开学大联考)Finally, soup _(bring)onto the table, followed by the staple food, rice, noodles, or sometimes dumplings.【答案】is brought【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:最后,汤被端上桌,接着是主食,米饭、面条,有时还有饺子。句子缺谓语动词,讲述事实用一般现在时,主语food与谓语动词bring之间是被动关系,主语是单数名词。故填is brought。8.(2023河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底)The 12 animal signs of the Ch
29、inese zodiac _(divide) into 2 categories by Chinese philosophyYin and Yang Theory. 【答案】are divided【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:中国的十二生肖被中国哲学分为阴阳两类。表示“被分成”短语为be divided into,陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语为The 12 animal signs of the Chinese zodiac,是复数。故填are divided。9.(2023河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调)The new regulation, which came into force s
30、tarting from March l,2023,_(prohibit) six kinds of behaviors that harm ancient tea plants and_their growing environment.【答案】prohibits【解析】考查谓语动词的时态、主谓一致。句意:新规将于2023年3月1日起生效,禁止六种危害古茶树及其生长环境的行为。主句缺谓语,分析句意可知,此处描述一般性事实,故时态采用一般现在时,且主语The new regulation为第三人称单数。故填prohibits。10.(2023山东省潍坊市模拟卷六校统测英语试题(二)Having
31、 online art class on Zoom meetings _ (be)also popular.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:Zoom会议上的在线艺术课程也很受欢迎。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。11.(2023哈尔滨师范大学附属中学第三次模拟) “The traditional culture _ (view) not just as history that appears on stage or in movies, but as a new fashion that has integrated with moder
32、n life,” she said.【答案】is viewed/has been viewed【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:她说:“传统文化已经不只是出现在舞台或电影里的历史,而是一种与现代生活融为一体的新时尚。”。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据语境可知,此处描述的是客观事实,所以使用一般现在时,view与句子主语之间为被动关系,且句子主语为第三人称单数,所以填is viewed;结合句意,此处也可以理解解为view动作已经发生,所以使用现在完成时,与句子主语为被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数,所以填has been viewed。故填is viewed/has been viewed。1
33、2.(2023广西南宁市高三下学期 5月模拟)He says that watching TV series _ (help) teenagers forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles which fill the world today. 【答案】helps【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:他说,看电视剧可以帮助青少年忘记考试和家庭作业的压力,以及当今世界的各种麻烦。分析句子可知,help(帮助)是宾语从句中谓语动词,与主语watching TV series之间是主动关系,根据上文可知,陈述
34、客观事实应使用一般现在时态,又因主语是动名词短语,所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上,谓语应用一般现在时主动语态,单数形式,故填helps。13.(2023湖北省高三年级5月份联考)Different tones can be produced when the bells _ (ring) with a wooden hammer and a long stick, and beautiful music can be performed. 【答案】are rung【解析】考查时态语态。句意:用木槌和长棍敲钟,可以发出不同的音调,演奏出优美的音乐。主语和谓语之间是被动关系,主语是复数意义,叙述
35、的是一般事实,为一般现在时的被动语态,故填are rung。14.(2023江苏省盐城四校联考)Nowadays, face masks_(wear) all over the world, but China is one of first countries to realize the importance off the wearing of face masks. In fact, it is also a result of traditional cultural factors in China.【答案】are being worn【解析】考查动词语态。句意:如今,全世界都戴口
36、罩,但中国是最早意识到戴口罩重要性的国家之一。根据时间状语nowadays和语境可知,疫情当下,戴口罩是正在发生的事情,应用现在进行时;wear与face masks是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态。故填are being worn。15.(2023河北省石家庄市三第二学期全过程测试)In the past two years, 57 students from this vocational high school _ (take) the special “gaokao” and 34 of them have been admitted to colleges and universitie
37、s.【答案】have taken【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的两年里,这所职业高中有57名学生参加了特殊的“高考”,其中34人被大学录取。空处缺谓语动词,时间状语是in the past two years,应用现在完成时,主语students和take构成主动关系,且主语是复数。故填have taken。16.(2023江苏省南通市海安市统考)Over the past two decades, the positive psychology movement _36_ (brighten) up psychological research with its science of hap
38、piness, human potential and flourishing. It argues that psychologists should investigate not only mental illness but also what makes life worth living. 【答案】has brightened【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在过去的二十年中,积极心理学运动以其对幸福和人类潜力的科学研究为心理学研究带来了光明。分析句子结构可知,此处是句子谓语部分,根据时间状语“Over the past two decades”需用现在完成时, 主语是movement,
39、应使用第三人称单数形式。故填has brightened。17.(2023广东省深圳市高三二调)Its about-15C, and a man dressed in a straw hat and sheepskin coat_(throw)spoon after spoon of heavy molten iron(铁水) at a massive,icy wall.【答案】throws/is throwing【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意:气温约为零下15摄氏度,一个头戴草帽、身穿羊皮大衣的男人正把一勺又一勺的铁水扔向一堵巨大的冰墙。根据空前的Its和空后的creates可知,本段应该
40、使用throws,一般现在时态;或is throwing,现在进行时,用以描绘打树花的画面。故填throws/is throwing。14.(2023江苏省决胜新高考4月大联考)Xidi village _ (compose) of more than 300 civil residences, most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.【答案】is composed【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:西递村由300多座民居组成,其中大部分建于明清两代。根据句意可知,句子陈述的是客观事实,Xidi village和compose为
41、被动关系,故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is composed。15.(2023重庆市巴蜀中学模拟)One of the quickest ways to make carpets, tufting guns_ (exist) for decades. 【答案】have existed/have been existing 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:织地毯最快的方法之一,戳戳绣枪已经存在了几十年了。根据后文for decades可知应用完成时,此处可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,主语为tufting guns,助动词用have。故填have existed/have been ex
42、isting。16.(2023江苏省无锡市江阴市统考)The shows director Li Lu, who became well known for his anti-corruption series in the Name of the People in 2017, said “China_( witness) dramatic changes over the past five decades and it is time to create such a drama to remember the past.”【答案】has witnessed【解析】考查动词时态。句意:该
43、剧导演李路因2017年的人民的名义反腐系列剧而闻名,他说:“过去50年来,中国见证了巨大变化,是时候创作这样一部剧来缅怀过去了。”分析句意可知,谓语动词witness“见证”需要使用现在完成时,因为本句包含了时间状语over the past five decades“过去50年”,且主语China“中国”为单数概念,故填has witnessed。17.(2023河北省“五个一”名校联盟统考)In recent years, “reverse tourism _(emerge) as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China.【答案】has
44、 emerged【解析】考查动词。句意:近年来,“逆向旅游”在中国年轻度假者中成为一种新趋势。根据该句中的时间状语In recent years可知,此处动词为现在完成时,结合reverse tourism为单数名词,故填has emerged。18.(2023广东省惠州市高三第一次调研)Sometimes when we eat, what were hungry for isnt food its the taste of memory. Studies show that foods we think of as comfort foods dont contain any magica
45、l properties. What might be comforting _ (be) the feeling of closeness to other people they can bring.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:让人欣慰的是它们带给别人的亲近感。句子是描述一个事实,应用一般现在时,主语是What引导的主语从句,空后的表语the feeling是名词单数,be动词用is。故填is。19.(2023贵州省联考)“Since I first came to Shanghai, I _(be) impressed by the kindness and frien
46、dliness of the people here. Everyone I met gave me a big smile, whether sanitation workers(环卫工人) on the streets or cashiers in convenience stores. Their smiles have made me feel the warmth of the city,” she said.【答案】have been【解析】考查时态。句意:自从我第一次来到上海,这里人民的善良和友好就给我留下了深刻的印象。根据前面的Since I first came to Sha
47、nghai可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填have been。20.(2023江西省九江市一模)Videos of 77-year-old Xu Xiuzhen, who speaks different languages with foreigners while working at a scenic spot selling water, postcards and headdress flowers, have brought her instant fame. Xus village is located at the base of Moon Hill, a popular tourist destination famous for a moon-shaped hole