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1、综合测试（基础篇）阅读理解+七选五时间 ：40分钟 满分：50分姓名_ 得分_阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 AA Look at Four of the World-famous CollegesUniversity College London, England. United KingdomThis university was founded with the intent of opening education equally and to all. In 1878, Univers
2、ity College London began admitting women using the same admission standards men were held to. The college was the first in the United Kingdom to accept students from any class or religion.Tuition (学费) for each student comes in at $31,000. This price does include fees for housing, food, travel expens
3、es and insurance.University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AustraliaIt opened in 1853 and is known for its outstanding research and teaching programs. Research at the university in the 1970s led to a cochlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving more than 200,000 patients worldwide hearing.Parents of native students ex
4、pect to pay $24,500 for the first terms tuition and another $19,500 for room and board in residential housing.University of Cambridge, England, United KingdomRecords of the university reach back to 1209 when the area was an ancient Roman trading post, making it the second oldest university in the UK
5、. Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with around 1,300 of those coming from 65 different countries.Tuition for the bachelor programs like engineering reaches $31,000.Sarah Lawrence College, New York, United StatesIt is known for a diverse student body coming from 53 different countries. The tea
6、cher/student ratio (比例) and personalized courses of study attract students from the United States and abroad.Undergraduates carrying 30 credits will pay $51,196 for tuition. The cost to attend Sarah Lawrence may seem prohibitive to many, but a degree from this honoured college can open many doors fo
7、r graduates.1When did University College London start to admit women on equal terms with men?AIn 1209.BIn1853.CIn 1878.DIn 1887.2Which college developed a device to benefit people with hearing loss?AUniversity of Melbourne.BSarah Lawrence College.CUniversity of Cambridge.DUniversity College London.3
8、What do the last two colleges have in common?AThey just offer the bachelor programs.BThey feature the highest cost of board.CThey are located in the United Kingdom.DThey are favoured by international students.【答案】1C 2A 3D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所世界名校。1细节理解题。根据University College London, England, United
9、Kingdom标题下“In 1878, University College London began admitting women using the same admission standards men were held to.”（自1878年开始，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生。）可知，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生是自1878年开始。故选C项。2细节理解题。根据University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia标题下“Research at the university in the 1970s led to a cochlear
10、 implant (人工耳蜗), giving more than 200,000 patients worldwide hearing.”（20世纪70年代，该大学的研究开发了一种人工耳蜗，为全球20多万患者提供了听力。）可知，20世纪70年代，墨尔本大学研发出人工耳蜗，造福全世界20多万听障人士。故选A项。3推理判断题。根据University of Cambridge, England, United Kingdom标题下“Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with around 1,300 of those coming from 65 d
11、ifferent countries.”（剑桥大学目前有21000名学生，其中约1300人来自65个不同的国家。）及Sarah Lawrence College, New York, United States标题下“It is known for a diverse student body coming from 53 different countries.”（它以来自53个不同国家的多样化学生群体而闻名。）可知，剑桥大学和莎拉劳伦斯学院都深受国际生青睐。故选D项。BJim found himself exhausted during a trip. When he came home,
12、 he went to see a doctor. “The reason I was tired, ” Jim says, “was that my kidneys (肾脏)were gone. ”Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis(透析) three days a week. A person of his age on dialysis usually lives only about four years. Transplants are a long-shot alternative. The
13、 National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types. Jims wife, nephew and four family friends offered but werent a match. Jim was so discouraged that he was even considering not attending a reunion of some Air Force budd
14、ies(铁哥们). But his wife encouraged him to reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadnt seen in 50 years: Doug Coffman. The two had met when they both were learning Vietnamese before they went overseas. Doug, then 70, felt a strong bond with his band of brothers, even though he hadnt seen
15、 some of them in decades. Their connection went beyond the battlefield in ways most soldiers never experience. Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he felt like it was a time that he could pay that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim. Fortunately, series of testing reveal
16、ed not only that Dougs tissue type matched Jims but also that he had the kidneys of a 35-year-old. The transplant was a success. “Its pretty miraculous to be able to take an organ out of one persons bodya living organput it in another persons body, and have it work, ” Doug says. “And theres nothing
17、finer than knowing Ive helped another person live a better life. ”4From this text we know that Kidney transplant is _.AExpensiveBdangerousCa matter of luckDan unwise choice5How old was Jim when he went overseas?AAbout 17.BAbout 19.CAbout 22.DAbout 25.6What can we infer from Dougs words in the last p
18、aragraph?ADoug is happy to donate a kidney to Jim.BJim is having a better life than Doug.CThe kidney transplant is very successful.DModern medical science is very advanced.7What is the theme of this text?AGood luck.BAn operation.CPaying it forward.DGood relationship.【答案】4C 5B 6A 7C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jim
19、多年不见的老朋友Doug为其捐肾的感人故事。4推理判断题。由第二段中的第三句“Transplants are long-shot alternative.(移植是一个希望渺茫的选择。)”以及最后一句“The National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types.(美国国家肾脏基金会估计，每天有13人在等待合适的血液和组织类型的捐赠者时死亡。)”可知，肾移植是一个希望渺茫的替代方案。美国肾脏基
20、金会估计每天都有13人在等待一个有合适的血型和器官组织类型的捐赠者的时候死去。由此可见，肾移植要靠机会和运气。结合选项可知，选项C正确。5细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis (透析) three times a week.(现年69岁的Jim曾是一名空军飞行员，他立即开始每周透析三次。)”和第三段中“But his wife encouraged him to reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadnt
21、 seen for nearly 50 years: Doug Coffman.(但他的妻子鼓励他与老朋友团聚，其中有一位他已近50年未见的朋友:道格科夫曼(Doug Coffman)。)”可知，Jim，69岁，一位前空军飞行员，立即开始了一周三次的透析。但是他的妻子鼓励他去和他的老朋友们重新团聚，在他们之中，有一个是他几乎59年没见的人：Doug Coffman。由此可知， Jim出国参战的时候是69-50=19岁，他当时大约19岁。结合选项可知，选项B正确。6推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“And theres nothing finer than knowing Ive helped
22、 another person live a better life.”(“没有什么比知道我帮助了另一个人过上更好的生活更美好的了。”)”可知，能为Jim捐肾，Doug感到很高兴。故选项A正确。7推理判断题。由第五段中的第一句“Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he felt like it was time that he could pay that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim(Doug在遇到困难的时候得到了朋友们的帮助，所以他觉得是时候把肾捐给Jim
23、了)”可知，Doug曾在他困难的时候收到了他朋友的帮助，所以他觉得这是他通过捐肾给Jim把爱传递。由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了把爱传递下去。结合选项可知，选项C正确。CWhat is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and its challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The fi
24、eld of artificial life-called ALife for short is the systematic attempt to spell out lifes fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. T
25、his track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the fields doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living s
26、ystem is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, So whats the worth of artificial life? Do you ever think, What is the worth of your grandmother?”As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their researchs applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical
27、 payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALifes cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to e
28、xhibit this is Earths biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce lifes endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is
29、 a field in which the central concept life itself is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesnt help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression i
30、s a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics arent in any way surprising or singular. They may apply uni
31、versally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.8Regarding Alan Smiths defence of ALife, the author is .AsupportiveBpuzzledCunconcer
32、nedDdoubtful9What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?AShocked.BProtected.CAttracted.DChallenged.10What can we learn from this passage?AALife holds the key to human future.BALife and AI share a common feature.CAI mirrors the developments of ALife.DAI speeds up the p
33、rocess of human evolution.11Which would be the best title for the passage?ALife Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?BLife Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?CLife Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?DLife Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?【答案】8A 9C 10B 11D【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了A
34、Life是否也在不断地进化的问题。8推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their researchs applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. Thi
35、s track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the fields doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living sys
36、tem is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, So whats the worth of artificial life? Do you ever think, What is the worth of your grandmother?”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan
37、说。“有人问我，那么人工生命的价值是什么？你有没有想过，你祖母的价值是多少？”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。9词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALifes cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept
38、 called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。10推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALifes cousin in that researchers in both fields are e
39、namored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。11主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like
40、life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。DScientists and engineers are preparing for possible travel into inte
41、rstellar (星际的) space, the area in between stars, in the distant future. A new report examines the possible problem of changes in language on long space trips. Two American researchers have explored one possible problem with such travel. They considered the possibility that changes in human language
42、could develop overtime and lead to major communication problems with people on Earth.The language experts are professors Andrew McKenzie from the University of Kansas, and Jeffrey Punske of Southern Illinois University. The two recently published a paper, which considers very long trips necessary to
43、 reach interstellar space, estimated to be about 18 billion kilometers from Earth. It also examines the possibility of future colonization (殖民地的开拓) of distant stars.Languages naturally change as communities grow more isolated from each other, the researchers note in the paper. The long isolation of
44、a community could lead to enough differences in language to make it impossible for community members back home to understand. “If youre on this spaceship for 10 generations, new concepts and social issues will emerge, and people will create ways of talking about them,” McKenzie said in a statement.
45、Such vocabulary would become specific to only that spaceship.“People on Earth might never know about these words, unless theres a reason to tell them. And the further away you get, the less youre going to talk to people back home,” McKenzie said. The researchers noted that in addition to new words b
46、eing used, the language of people traveling on spaceships and living in colonies would experience many other changes. For example, the sounds of different letters would likely change overtime, affecting not only individual words, but the whole “grammatical system”, the paper states.Major changes in
47、word and sentence structure could also create systematic language barriers overtime, the researchers said. “Given more time, new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones,” McKenzie said.12What is the possible result of long space travel according to the research?AIt may bring about many
48、 language barriers.BPeople may suffer from mental problems.CIt may change peoples living environment.DPeople could communicate more easily on Earth.13What does the underlined word “isolation” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?AConnection.BDistribution.CLoneliness.DSeparation.14What can we infer about the language used on spaceships from paragraph 4?AIt will form its own language system.BIt will replace the current language soon.CIt can be understood by people on E