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1、考点12 过去分词(核心考点精讲精练)1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型过去分词语法填空2023 试卷类型过去分词考点2023新高考卷recognized过去分词作后置定语20231月新高考浙江卷surrounded过去分词作定语2023全国乙卷 built过去分词作定语2023全国甲卷intended去分词短语作定语20222022全国甲卷held过去分词作后置定语2022全国高考乙卷shared过去分词作定语20212021新课标Iastonished过去分词作宾补2021新课标II卷 excited过去分词作表语2021浙江卷1月studied过去分词作定语2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律
2、】近3年新高考卷对于过去分词的考查共计9次,主要考查:1过去分词作状语;2过去分词作定语;3. 过去分词作宾补;4. 过去分词的各种形式及其意义。【备考策略】系统归类过去分词的用法,尤其是过去分词作定语和状语;熟练掌握过去分词的各种形式的意义和用法。【命题预测】语法填空对过去分词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中考查过去分词作定语和状语。过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。重难点知识:考点1 过去分词作状语1. When
3、 (ask)for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.【答案】 asked【解析】考查过去分词做状语。此处ask与逻辑主语Philip是动宾关系,故用asked。2. _(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.【答案】 used【解析】考查过去分词做状语。此处use和句子的主语one tin之间为动宾关系,故填过去分词used作条件状语。句意:如果细心地用,一罐可以用6周。【方法指导】1作状语的
4、过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。2如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,就用过去分词形式(done)。3过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成。 4带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞,不给她说话她从不说话。5选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系, 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是
5、分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句,或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。1【时间状语】Film has a much shorter history, especially when _(compare)to such art forms as music and painting.【答案】compared【解析】考查过去分词。此处是状语从句的省略,因从句的主语和前面的主语Film一致,故省略。这里compare和tfilm是被动关系,故用过去分词。故填compared。2【条件状语】Time, _(use
6、) correctly, is money in the bank.【答案】used【解析】考查过去分词。时间如果被正确地利用,就是存在银行里的钱。此处use和time之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作条件状语。故填used。3.【2023江苏省扬州市调研】 _(compare)with other satellite navigation systems, the BDS operates more satellites in high orbit, and transmits navigation signals at more frequencies. These features enab
7、le better more accurate services.【答案】Compared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:与其他卫星导航系统相比,BDS在高轨道运行更多的卫星,并以更多的频率传输导航信号。分析句子结构,可知空格所在的部分是句子的状语,非谓语动词的复合结构可以作句子的状语,BDS与compare是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词,此处作比较状语。故答案为Compared。4.【2022江苏省泰州中学月度检测】In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. First, we must
8、 understand the language when we hear it_(speak).【答案】spoken【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中hear的宾语it代指前面的language,与speak之间为被动关系,故用speak的过去分词形式 spoken。故填spoken。考点2 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.1.(2023新高考卷 语法填空)Shan
9、ghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long baos birthplace.【答案】recognized【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized
10、“被公认的”。2.(20231月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.【答案】surrounded【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surroun
11、ded。3. 2019上海卷Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species _ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, where around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the worlds largest nesting sites.【答案】threaten【解析】
12、考查非谓语动词。奥里萨邦是三只濒临灭绝的奥利弗龟的大规模筑巢地,其中的加希尔玛塔被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一,每年约有7000万到8000万只海龟在这里的海滩上产卵。本句的谓语为is,因此,设空处所给动词用非谓语形式,species与threaten之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词做后置定语。故填threaten。4.(浙江1月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _ (call) caffeinism.【答案】 called【解析】考查过去分词做定语。problem与call之间是被动关系,故用过去分词called作problem
13、的后置定语。故填called。【方法指导】1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花a retired worker: 退休工人an escaped prisoner: 逃犯a returned student:归国留学生1.(2023江苏省镇江市调研)A folk musi
14、c piece_ _(title) “Picturesque Zhejiang” raised the curtains to the opening ceremony of this event, featuring typical elements of Zhejiang, such as silk, tea, bamboo, and poetry.【答案】titled【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一曲名为风景如画的浙江的民间音乐为此次活动的开幕式拉开了帷幕,其中包含了丝绸、茶、竹、诗歌等典型的浙江元素。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词中的过去分词作后置定语修饰music piece,因mu
15、sic piece和title为被动关系,所以为过去分词形式表被动。故填titled。2.(2023湖南省长沙市第一中学模拟) “From Beijing to Guangzhou, I have met students who are learning our language, enthusiastic young people, businessmen keen to innovate, and artists _(inspire) by France. 【答案】inspired【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从北京到广州,我遇到了学习我们语言的学生,热情的年轻人,渴望创新的商人,以及受
16、法国启发的艺术家。分析句子结构可知非谓语动词inspire与逻辑主语artists构成被动关系,故用过去分词做后置定语修饰artists。故填inspired。3. 2022河南省平顶山市高三阶段测试The report, which was published in The Lancet in 2019, was based on research done with students _ (age) 11 to 17 in 146 different countries.【答案】aged【解析】考查过去分词。基于对146个国家11至17岁学生的研究,该报告于2019年发表在柳叶刀上。这里用
17、age的过去分词,构成分词短语aged 11 to17,作后置定语表示:来自146个不同国家的年龄11至17岁的生。故填aged。4.2023宁夏银川一中月考Food items themselves have meaning _ (attach) to them. In many Western countries, a box of chocolate would be viewed as an appropriate gift.【答案】attached【解析】考查过去分词。食物本身也有其自身的意义。attach与其逻辑主语meaning构成被动关系,应用其过去分词作定语。故填attach
18、ed。考点3 过去分词作宾补作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。1. (2020新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times
19、 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】 decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _(wash).【答案】washed【解析】考查过去分词做宾补。Getdone意为:“让做
20、某事”,此处为过去分词作宾补。故填washed【方法指导】1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall. 她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语。I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老
21、人被车撞倒了。When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be。The father wants his daughter taught the piano这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那
22、个计划。4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。1.(2023湖南省益阳市质量检测)With his accomplishments widely _ (acknowledge), Zh
23、eng He is remembered as one of Chinas most influential explorers.【答案】acknowledged【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的成就被广泛认可;郑和被认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。分析句子可知,本句有谓语is remembered,空处填非谓语动词;此处考查with的复合结构,即“with+宾+宾补”的结构,宾语 his accomplishments和acknowledge之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填acknowledged。2.(2022天津高三二模)With her attention _ on the
24、book, the girl sat there quietly.Ato be fixedBfixCfixedDfixing【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个女孩全神贯注地看书,静静地坐在那里。分析可知,句子为with的复合结构作状语,fix和her attention为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词表被动。故选C项。3.(2021福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)The fireman told us the troubles they had _the fire_ .Agetting; controlledBgot; controlledCgot; to controlDgetti
25、ng; to control【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:消防队员告诉我们他们在控制火势方面遇到的麻烦。第一空have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定用法,空处需填动名词getting作宾语;第二空get sth. done为固定用法,空处需填过去分词controlled作宾语补足语。故选A。考点4 过去分词作表语作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:The glass was brok
26、en by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。1
27、. (2020浙江高三)The hairdresser showed me a book with so many diverse hair styles that I got _and didnt know which one to choose.AconfusedBto confuseCconfusingDto be confused【答案】A【解析】考查get +过去分词结构。句意为:美发师展示给我一本里面有很多不同发型的书,我感到很困惑,不知选择哪一个。get+过去分词的系表结构强调状态的变化,故选A。2. (2020全国高三)While waiting for the opportu
28、nity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.ApromoteBpromotedCpromotingDto promote【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在等待着背提拔的机会的时候,Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”,如“get burnt”被烫伤,get paid获得报酬;本句中的get promoted获得提拔。故B正确。1. (2020全国高三)For those with family members far away, the personal computer a
29、nd the phone are important in staying _ (connect). (用单词适当形式填空)【答案】connected【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:对于那些家人离得很远的人来说,电脑和手机是保持联系的重要工具。stay是系动词,此处后面接形容词性过去分词connected作表语;connected 意思为“有联系的”。故填connected。2. (2022江苏扬州市仪征市第二中学高三月考)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_(stick)abroad due to the volcanic ash clo
30、ud.【答案】stuck【解析】考查过去分词。句意:今年4月,由于火山灰云,数千名度假者仍滞留在国外。remained是系动词,后需接形容词作表语,因为表示度假者被滞留,所以空处需用过去分词stuck作表语。故填stuck。【关键能力】过去分词与语法填空:在语法填空中,过去分词是必考内容。应对策略非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词,就要考虑是v.ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。1首先分析句子结构,若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分,再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不
31、定式的考查,需注意不定式的时态和语态,熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。2现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果或伴随,且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系;现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中;动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作;此外,应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。3过去分词可作状语、定语或补语,表示被动与完成;若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词;过去分词不可作主语或宾语。4其次,还可以从分析句子成分角度,确定所填非谓语动词的形式:(1)作主语,v.ing形式与不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区别;但在疑问句和句型“There is no主语”中,主语需用动
32、名词而不用不定式。(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词:与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词。(4)作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式,介词后面要用动名词。(5)作定语:不定式表将来;现在分词表进行;过去分词表被动与完成。(6)作宾语补足语:不定式表动作全过程;现在分词表主动或进行;过去分词表被动或完成。(7)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。1(2021浙江)_(absorb) in the romantic melody, the talented pianist lost track of
33、time.【答案】Absorbed【解析】考查过去分词。句意:这位才华横溢的钢琴家沉浸在浪漫的旋律中,忘记了时间。be absorbed in意为“专心于”,为固定搭配。所以应用过去分词作状语。故填Absorbed。2(2021浙江)Watch out for your silly behavior. Dont you see a camera _(position) in an unnoticeable corner? 【答案】positioned【解析】考查过去分词。句意:当心你愚蠢的行为。你没看到摄像头放在一个不显眼的角落吗?动词position意为“放置”,和逻辑主语camera构成被
34、动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填positioned。基础过关(最新模拟试题演练)1.(2023粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考)His ceramic works, both functional and sculptural, are full of elements of fashion, humor, and character _ _ (paint) on with traditional Chinese ink. 【答案】painted【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的陶瓷作品,无论是功能性的还是雕塑性的,都充满了时尚、幽默和中国传统水墨人物画的元素。分析句子结
35、构可知paint在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语elements of fashion, humor, and character构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填painted。2.(2023广东省高三开学大联考)Food _ _(make)of wheat flour is the staple(主食)for people living in the north, while rice is the main staple in the south.【答案】made【解析】考查过去分词。句意:由面粉制成的食物是北方人的主食,而大米是南方人的主要主食。本句已有谓语动词is,空格处与i
36、s没有连词连接,所以空格处应该填非谓语动词,food和make之间是被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填made。3.(2023河南省名校联考高三5月模拟)A lot of us may be still recovering from antisocial habits _ (form) in the tough time.【答案】formed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们中的大部分人可能仍正从在困难时期形成的反社会习惯中恢复。分析句子可知,设空处用非谓语动词作后置定语,habits和form构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以此处要用该词的过去分词形式。故填formed。4.(2023湖北省腾云联盟
37、八月联考)Its home port will be decided _ _ (base) on a host of factors, including the nations security needs, the ships tasks and candidate ports support capacity. 【答案】based【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它的母港将根据国家的安保需要、任务、候选港口的支援能力等多种因素来决定。短语be based on表示“根据”,此处省略be动词,用过去分词作状语。故填based。5.(2023山东省青岛市测试)Felix Bck, a stude
38、nt at the University of British Columbia, was eager to find a way to recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a drawer in his friends house _ _(fill) with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea hit him.【答案】filled【解析】考查过去分词。句意:一天,他在朋友家发现
39、了一个抽屉,里面放满了一次性竹筷,于是他灵机一动。house和fill之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,作后置定语,故填filled。6.(2023湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考)Two things I did may have caused people to think that something is wrong with me. The first was when my wife asked me to have the sitting-room clock _ _ (repair). I drove into the market place of our littl
40、e town and, clock under arm, entered a shop. Only it was the meat shop.【答案】repaired【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第一次是我妻子让我把客厅的钟修好。根据下文可知,此处表示让别人修钟,应用have sth. done“(主语)请/派别人完成某事”,过去分词作宾语补足语。故填repaired。7.(2023河北省秦皇岛市部分学校摸底)Huang Shihui from Xiangcheng Middle School, Hubei, won the first prize for her painting_ _(ti
41、tle) China in the Rubiks Cube. 【答案】titled【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:湖北省香城中学的黄诗慧以魔方展现中国时代获得一等奖。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词,设空处只能作非谓语,其逻辑主语为her painting,二者之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式,此处整个分词短语作后置定语修饰painting。故填titled。8.(2023湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底)_ _(compare) to other genres, farmers painting in China is relatively new. 【答案】Compared【解析】考查过去分词。句
42、意:与其他体裁相比,农民画在中国是相对较新的。分析可知,句中谓语是is,空格处用非谓语动词,farmers painting和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,compared to“与比较”,也是固定短语,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Compared。9.(2023湖南省三湘创新发展联合调研)The large mural (壁画) _ _(create)by Lau in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic is a monument to the disastrous moments the human race faced in
43、 2020, which shows if we work together, we can win any battle.【答案】created【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:刘建文在2020年创作的2019冠状病毒疾病大流行期间的这幅大型壁画,是对人类在2020年所面临灾难性时刻的纪念,它表明,如果我们齐心协力,我们就能赢得任何战斗。分析可知,(create)by Lau in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic在句中为后置定语,修饰名词mural,动词create与名词mural为动宾关系,所以此处填过去分词。故填created。10.(2023山西省高三1
44、月适应性调研考试(一模)The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China _(hold) in south Chinas Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket was displayed. 【答案】held【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:CGTN从本月早些时候在中国南部珠海市举
45、行的中国航展上获悉,新型火箭将高90米,能够将27吨有效载荷送入月球轨道。动词hold和被修饰词Airshow China是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以此处为过去分词形式,表示被动,作后置定语。故填held。11.(2023浙江省名校协作体开学考试)The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition _ _ (hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important global issues and focus on so
46、lutions.【答案】held【解析】考查过去分词。句意:该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“中国思考大”竞赛中获奖,该竞赛旨在鼓励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。本句已有谓语won且无连词,动词hold用非谓语形式,逻辑主语a competition与动词hold是被动关系,hold用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。12.(2023江苏省南京市统考)Lin said a friend got him _ _ (involve) in dragonboat racing over a decade ago. In 2018, they decided to host their own festival. 【答案】involved【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:林说,十多年前,一位朋友让他参与了龙舟比赛。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词“got”,故空格处应用非谓语动词,“involve”意为“参加”,动词词性,“him”和“involve”为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用“involve”的过去分词“involved”,作宾语补足语。故填involved。13.(2023江苏省常州市期中)An image _ _ (generate) with an AI system called Midjourney recently won an