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1、第21讲 完形填空夹叙夹议文 （讲义） 【复习目标】 熟悉语篇结构，根据局内层次、句组层次和语篇层次答题。掌握答题技巧，明确答题步骤掌握词汇基本用法通过真题和渗透文化意识、语言意识和思维品质【考情分析】 夹叙夹议文完形填空的文章一般具有哲理性，往往从一件看似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。夹叙夹议文“叙议兼顾”，既有记叙文的特点，同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上，该文体采用“先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙议交替”的写作模式，旨在记叙的基础上，通过议论的手段，说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。选材上源于真实生活，平淡叙述中流露人间真情，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的
2、人文素养。在词性上仍会以实词为主，其中动词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，并且完形填空题注重对文章语境的理解。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量。；侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，考查词性以实词为主，虚词几乎不考查。【网络构建】 完形填空夹叙夹议文概述 命题规律：考点：以实词为主，侧重对动词（短语）、名词和形容词的考查。重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语境的考查。核心考点：逻辑推理，把考查的重点放在理解全文、通篇考虑、掌握大意、
3、注重关联等方面。题型和考查角度：1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，边读边填，多凭预感可知答案，难度较易。2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示，难度一般。3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断，难度较大。解题策略：1. 重视首句，把握文章主题。首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的或写作背景，为全面理解文章找到突破口。2. 分析结构，抓住作者观点态度。在做题时要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。3. 利用上下文
4、，关注过渡词，理清逻辑关系。理清记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。逻辑关系例词对立关系：让步和转折but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, notbut等
5、。因果关系because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, suchthat, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, as a result, for this reason等。并列关系and, or, neithernor, eitheror, not o
6、nlybut also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, the sameas等。递进关系then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, whats worse, even worse等。总分关系such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an exampl
7、e, more specifically等。【典例】（2023届吉林省东北师大附中、长春一中等5所重点高中联考）I have to admit Im an old-school reader. Put simply, I 41 old books.261 AbuyBloveCrecommendDHate4. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。针对高考夹叙夹议性的完形填空题的解题技能要求较高，考试应当具有较强的聚合思维并保持注意力高度集中。在具体的
8、解题中，还需掌握以下解题方法：知识点 一 利用首句解题首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句,对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。（2023年新高考I卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have _21_ the course earlier than she did. 21. A. designedB. followedC. ch
9、angedD. finished知识点 二 利用语境暗示解题上下文或语境具体体现为：全文的中心和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，我们常可通过上下文或语境暗示，推导出正确答案。(2020年全国卷)I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie were telling is doing 52 damage to our children.A
10、physical BbiologicalCspiritual Dbehavioral知识点 三 利用情感态度解题在做完形填空时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上，留意能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的词汇。因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索，可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。(2021年天津高考3月)For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike
11、last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead.Aamazed BmadCcurious Dfrightened 知识点 四 利用生活常识或文化背景解题完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识，做题时利用这些知识，特别是注意中西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间。1.(2
12、020年天津高考)Jones was 21 when she said that she didnt actually 22.mind being cheated.Aashamed Bshocked Cexcited Damused2.Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman _57_ the interruption and handed me an envelope.57A.regretted Bavoided Cexcused Dig
13、nored知识点 五 分解长难句，理清句意遇到完形填空的长难句，可以采用意群兼顾句子成分把句子分割成一个个意群（可以是不定式短语、分词短语、动名词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语等）、标点符号和连接词将其拆分为较易的简单句，再根据选项和上下文意思解题。长难句详见本专辑第八讲句子成分+基本句型+句子种类+长难句讲练测【典例】Once there, Lenoue was _49_ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. 49. A. i
14、nterruptedB. assessedC. identifiedD. appreciated考向一 动词词义辨析（2023年吉林省东北师大附中、长春一中等5所重点高中联考）Alone in a new city to 42 my first daily newspaper job, I was feeling vaguely anxious as I dipped into a usedbookstore to 43.relieve mymind.42AstopBloseCkeepDtake考向二 名词词义辨析（2023年四川省成都七中高三检测试题）People may misunders
15、tand what they used to be familiar with. I remember a 41 professor, invited to our school, taught stress management principles in a school hall 42. filled with students.41AphysicsBchemistryCliteratureDpsychology考向三 形容词词义辨析（2023年湖北省高三年级5月联考英语试题）Yet the range of factors shaping each generation is much
16、 53 than it once was. 53AsmallerBfullerCshorterDbroader考向四 副词词义辨析（2023年浙江省杭州市高三试题）Their young son was 42.fascinated by the swallow and asked many questions about it. As the family was leaving, I asked the boy if he would like a sticker to put on his shirt. He 43 chose a swallow sticker. A. quickly B
17、.slowly C.deliberately D.casually考向五 介词词义辨析（2023年浙江省杭州市高三试题）I recently purchased my first laptop computer. In discussions with the 50. salesman , he said, “Within two years, youll probably want a new one anyway.” Why would I want a new one, 51 my old one was working? I wont 53.need need a new laptop
18、 in two years.51 AifBforCbutDBesides1. （2018年全国I卷）During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a freecourse, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I _41_the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to _42_ a few dollars? More
19、 than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent _43_enough about free credits, news about our _44_was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which _45_ I would be learning from one of the games _46_. I could hardly wait to _47_him.Maurice Ashley was kind and
20、smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this _48_was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it _49_that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to _50_the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to _51_what we would learn in class to
21、our future professions and, _52_, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that _53_and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the _54_.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he _55_me: “The absolute most important _56_that you learn when you play chess
22、is how to make good _57_. On every single move you have to _58_a situation, process what your opponent(对手）is doing and _59_the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my _60_as a journalist.41. A. put forwardB. jumped atC. tried outD. turned down42. A. wasteB. ear
23、nC. saveD. pay43. A. excitedB. worriedC. movedD. tired44. A. titleB. competitorC. textbookD. instructor45. A. urgedB. demandedC. heldD. meant46. A. fastestB. easiestC. bestD. rarest47. A. interviewB. meetC. challengeD. beat48. A. chanceB. qualificationC. honorD. job49. A. realB. perfectC. clearD. po
24、ssible50. A. attendB. passC. skipD. observe51. A. addB. exposeC. applyD. compare52. A. eventuallyB. naturallyC. directlyD. normally53. A. gameB. presentationC. courseD. experiment54. A. criterionB. classroomC. departmentD. situation55 A. taughtB. wroteC. questionedD. promised56. A. factB. stepC. man
25、nerD. skill57. A. gradesB. decisionsC. impressionsD. comments58. A. analyzeB. describeC. rebuildD. control59. A. announceB. signalC. blockD. evaluate60. A. roleB. desireC. concernD. behavior2. （2018年北京卷）The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source
26、（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _17_ more remarkable.After spotting a _18_ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in
27、 the rain for about two hours waiting for the _19_ to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he _20_ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to _21_ it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet t
28、o a nearby police station after _22_ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were _23_ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen to
29、ld them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _24_.The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _25_.Mr. Anderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight _26_ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. Th
30、is guy has nothing and_27_ he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others _28_. Its unbelievable. It just proves there are _29_ guys out there.Mr. Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson _31_ about the act of kindness
31、 on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _32_ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown _33_ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job _34_ a
32、nd all sorts, Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing _35_. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16. A. hopeB. aimC. urgeD. effort17. A. stillB. evenC. everD. once18. A. walletB. bagC. boxD. parcel19. A. partnerB. colleagueC. ownerD. police
33、man20. A. turnedB. hidC. steppedD. reached21. A. discoverB. collectC. checkD. believe22. A. takingB. leavingC. readingD. writing23. A. satisfiedB. excitedC. amusedD. shocked24. A. safeB. missingC. foundD. seen25. A. serviceB. supportC. kindnessD. encouragement26. A. whenB. ifC. whereD. because27. A.
34、 ratherB. yetC. alreadyD. just28. A. tooB. thoughC. againD. instead29. A. honestB. politeC. richD. generous30. A. gaveB. paidC. castD. drew31. A. learnedB. postedC. caredD. heard32. A. borrowB. raiseC. saveD. earn33. A. ofB. atC. forD. in34. A. detailsB. changesC. offersD. applications35. A. lessonB. adventureC. chanceD. challenge8学科网（北京）股份有限公司