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1、【考研英语】2021年8月北京中科院自然科学史研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water inWashington.In April,Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook tochange its privacy policy.He also urged the Federal Trade Commission toset guidelines for social-networking sites.thi
2、nk the senator rightlycommunicated that we had not been clear about what the new productswere and how people could choose to use them or not to use them/Schrage admits.What does Senator Charles Schumer advocate?A、Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.B、Formulating regulations for social-net
3、working sites.C、Banning the sharing of users personal information.D、Removing ads from all social-networking sites.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选B o事实细节题。由题干中的SenatorCharles Schumer和advocate定位到本段第2、3句。本段指出，四月，国会议员查理斯?舒默要求脸谱网更改其隐私条款，并同时督促联邦贸易委员会制定出社交网站的指导方针。由此可见，议员主张政府制定法律对社交网站进行指导。B中的 formulating regulations 是原文
4、中 set guidelines 的同义转换，故为答案。C“禁止共享用户个人信息，文中只提到查理斯?舒默号召脸谱网更改其隐私条款，但并未说明是否禁止共享用户个人信息，可以排除。A和D在文中均未提及。第2题【单选题】Shortly after the accident,two police were sent to the spot tokeep order.A、dozens ofB、dozensC、dozen ofD dozen【正确答案】D【答案解析】英语中一些表示数字的名词的前面如果用了数词，这些名词必须是单数形式，如dozen（一打），score（二十）和head（头）等。但是如果这些名
5、词用来指某些可数名词时，这些名词呈复数形式，其后应加上介词。f。第3题【单选题】The group does not advocate the use of violence.A、supportB、matterC、suitD、reach【正确答案】A【答案解析】advocate提倡，主张，拥护；support支持，支撑，支援。第4题【单选题】In his closing remarks,the chairman expressed his thanks to all thosewho had contributed to the success of the conference.A、comm
6、entsB、speechC、criticismD、lecture【正确答案】B【答案解析】remarks致辞。speech讲话，演说。参考译文：在闭幕词里，主席向所有为大会的成功举办作出过贡献的人士表示了感谢。第5题【单选题】How do we fix this problem?lt starts with reforming the physicianreimbursement system,remove the pressure for primary carephysicians to squeeze in more patients per hour,and reward them f
7、oroptimally（最 佳 地）managing their diseases and practicingevidence-based medicine.Make primfary care more attractive tomedical students by forgiving student loans for those who chooseprimary care as a career and reconciling the marked differencebetween specialist and primary care physician salaries.Wh
8、at suggestiondoes the author give in order to provide better health care?A、Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary carephysicians.B、Extend prim ary care to patients with chronic diseases.C、Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D、Reduce the tuition of students who choose
9、primary care as theirmajor.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao事实细节题。由题干中的suggestion和provide better health care定位于第2段。文章第2段介绍的是改善基础医疗目前状况的建议：应该从改革医生的费用返还制度开始，避免基础护理医生竭力增加每小时诊治患者的数量，减少他们的压力，奖励那些能够提出最佳治疗方案和开具循证药物的医生。通过免除那些选择基础护理工作作为未来职业的学生们的助学贷款，使基础护理工作吸引更多医学院的学生，同时调和专科医生和基础护理医生之间工资存在的巨大差异，由此可得出答案为A项。第6题【单选题】Somewhere
10、around puberty（发育；青春期），something happens in thetiming of the biological clock.（2）The clock pushes forward,soadolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they usedto.When your mother tells you its time for bed,your body may bepushing you to stay up for several hours more.And the li
11、ght coming fromyour computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up evenlater.What is implied in the second paragraph?A、Young childrens biological clock has the same rhythm with that ofthe teenagers.B、People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the changeof the biological clock.C、Ch
12、ildren before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night thanadolescents.D、Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light fromthe computer screen.【正确答案】C【答案解析】推理判断题，对应原句The clock pushes forward（推动）zso adolescents（青年）and teenagers are unable tofall asleep as early as they used to.的含义是
13、青年人以前睡觉还要早。考 察 used to（过去）的意思得到答案为C。第7题【单选题】It looks it is going to snow.A、asB、as ifC、ifD、even if【正确答案】B【答案解析】as if表示 看起来 像 。第8题【单选题】It is important that I with Mr.Williams immediately.A、speakB、spokeC、will speakD、to speak【正确答案】A【答案解析】It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气,从句用sb.should d o的形式。第9题【单选题】Actuall
14、y industry can vary a good deal over the centuries.A、alterB、improveC、alertD、perish【正确答案】A【答案解析】vary 改变；im prove改善，增进；提高 的价值。第10题【单选题】We admire her for entering a famous university.A、honorB、appreciateC、prizeD、admit【正确答案】B【答案解析】adm ire钦佩；赞 美;appreciate欣赏。第11题【单选题】To stress the importance of a rich voc
15、abulary,the teacher used a(n).Writing with a severely limited vocabulary/she said,“is liketrying to paint a circus with only a few colors/A、exampleB、comparisonC、contrastD、analogy【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意：为强调庞大词汇量的重要性，这个老师用了个类比。“用有限的词汇去写作就像用仅有的几个颜色去油漆一个马戏场。analogy意为“类推,类比”;example意为“例子,实例，例证；comparison意为 比较，对照
16、”，指比较两者的相同点；contrast意为“对比，对照，指比较两者的不同点。第12题【单选题】This television program provoked a spirited debate in the UnitedKingdom.A、disputeB、issueC、lumpD、prejudice【正确答案】A【答案解析】debate辩论；辩论会;dispute辩论；争吵。第13题【单选题】Research shows heavy coffee drinking is a small increase inblood pressure,but not enough to increas
17、e the risk for high bloodpressure.A、compared withB、associated withC、attributed toD、referred to【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题的四个选项为形式不同的做表语的动词短语，因此考查的是词组的辨析与理解运用。(be)associatedwith与.有关联，可见该词组符合题意。第14题【单选题】Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution wasscience.A、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。B、在农业革命中，机械没
18、有科学重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o 本句考查程度副词的翻译。本句的翻译重点是Scarcely less important,scarcely是程度副词，意思是“几乎不，简直没有。它本身带有否定的意思。lessimportant意 思 是“不如.重要，而 加 scarcely之后，双重否定表示肯定，意思是两者是差不多同样重要的，所以应该选 C。第 15题【单选题】She took her in her arms and tried to comfort her.A、proveB、overlookC
19、、eliminateD、ease【正确答案】D【答案解析】com fort使（痛苦等）缓和；ease减轻，缓和。第 16题【单选题】Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe,attempts to usebotanical fuel as a source of power.A、have madeB、having madeC、are being madeD、will be making【正确答案】C【答案解析】考查动词时态和语态辨析。make attempts to dosth.是固定短语，所 以 attempts与 m ake是被动关系，所有只有C
20、 符合。第 17题【单选题】the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at themeeting tomorrow.A、WhichB、WhatC、ThatD、Whether【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意为 是否执行新的计划将在明天的会议上进行讨论。因此答案为D。第 18题【单选题】The audience so large that no seat was left unoccupied in thegreat hall.A、isB、areC、wasD、has【正确答案】C【答案解析】由large可以看出来句子指的是观众的数目，指的是观
21、众这个整体，所以用单数谓语动词。第19题【单选题】I entered the hotel manager/s office and sat down.I had just lost 50and I felt very upset.I left the money in my room,I said,and its notthere now.The manager was sympathetic,but he could do nothing.Everyone/s losing money these days,he said.He started to complainabout this w
22、icked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.Agirl came in and put an envelope on his desk.It contained 50.I foundthis outside this gentleman/s room.she said.Well,I said to themanager,there is still some honesty in this world!What did the writerbelieve had happened to his money?A、He had le
23、ft his money in the manager/s office.B、Someone had stolen his money.C、The manager had the money.D、The girl had stolen the money.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。作者说：I left the money in my room,and its not there now”,这句话的含义就是He believed thatsomeone had stolen his moneyo 因此，选项 B 是正确答案。第20题【单选题】Egypt,wrote the Greek
24、historian Hecataeus,is the gift of the Nile.A、希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：埃及是尼罗河送来的礼物。B、埃及，希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：是尼罗河的礼物。C、埃及是尼罗河的礼物，希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道。D、希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：埃及，礼物来自尼罗河。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选 A。wrote the Greek historian Hecataeus是插入语，为使译文通顺易懂，把插入语处理成主句形式,其余部分作其宾语从句。第21题【单选题】You don/t have to me of anything.A、transformB、up
25、setC、spoilD、persuade【正确答案】D【答案解析】persuade说服，劝说；使某人相信；劝某人做（不做）某事。第22题【单选题】I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with thef a r m e r s,h a s a great effect on my life.A、when;whoB、that;whichC、which;thatD when;which【正确答案】D【答案解析】years是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，是 因 为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个
26、非限制性定语从句.第23题【单选题】I recognize my own shortcomings.A、建立B、指望C、认识到D、推荐【正确答案】C【答案解析】recognize v t.认出，识别；承认。第24题【单选题】I four universities and was accepted by all of them.A、applied toB、applied fromC、applied inD applied off【正确答案】A【答案解析】题目意思：我申请了四所大学，并都被他们录取了。apply t o向 正式申请；向 要求，答案选A。第25题【单选题】Income may be
27、national income and personal income.Whereas nationalincome is defined as the total earned income of all the factors ofproduction namely,profits,interest,rent,wages,and othercompensation for labor,personal income may be defined as total moneyincome received by individuals before personal taxes are pa
28、id.Nationalincome does not equal GNP because the factors of production do notreceive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirectbusiness taxes,both of which are included in GNP.The money put asidefor capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted asincome.Indirect t
29、axes include sales taxes,property taxes,and excisetaxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and soreduce the income left to pay for the factors of production.Three-fourths of national income goes for wages,salaries,and otherforms of compensation to employees.Which of the following
30、 statementsis true according to the paragraph?A、GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes.B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirectbusiness taxes.C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income receivedby an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D、The
31、 money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded asincome.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题的依据是本段的The money put aside forcapital consumption is for replacement and thus is not countedas income.这个句子。对原句的词语选项D用了别的表达方法，但大意仍保持不变。第26题【单选题】However short the work week becomes,work is still the most importantpart of
32、life.We do not work to get leisure and the pleasures leisurebrings us;rather,we use leisure wisely so that work itself can becomeawarding and enjoyable.The feeling of success at doing one/s daily workwhether it is a job,maintaining a home,or going to school dependslargely on coming to it each day wi
33、th fresh energy and activeinterest.How does the author look at work and leisure?A、We work hard so that we can enjoy more leisure.B、We enjoy leisure so that we can come back to work with freshenergy.C、Leisure can bring us a lot of pleasures that work can not.D、The success of work has little to do wit
34、h how we spend our leisuretime.【正确答案】B【答案解析】从末尾句(The feeling of success at doing onesdaily work whether it is a job,maintaining a home,or goingto school depends largely on coming to it each day with freshenergy and active interest.)可以得出，B 项正确。第27题【单选题】you really need is self-confidence.A、ThatB、WhatC
35、、AnythingD、Something which【正确答案】B【答案解析】题意为“你真正需要的是自信，空白处需要填入的引导词是whato第28题【单选题】“People disappear in that river every year,one of the policemen said tome that afternoon,half in dismay,half in frustration.A、年年都有人消失在这条河里，当天下午警察中的一个人半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。B、这条河里年年都要死人，当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。C、“这条河里年年都有人消失，当天下午警察中
36、的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。D、这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o本题考查的知识点为成语。英语和汉语都有许多成语。汉语的成语大多由四个字组成。英译汉时，适当地使用成语，译文显得简洁、生动，可以增加文采。第29题【单选题】Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest maybe this:artists-only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose tofocus o
37、n the ones that feel bad.This wasn/t always so.The earliest formsof art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy.But somewhere from the 19th century onward,more artists beganseeing happiness as meaningless,phony or,worst of all,boring,as wewent from Wordsworth/s daffodils to
38、Baudelaire/s flowers of evil.By citingthe examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire,the author intendsto show t hat.A、poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or musicB、art grows out of both positive and negative feelingsC、poets today are less skeptical of happinessD、artists have changed the
39、ir focus of interest【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o事实细节题。根据题干信息我们定位到第2段，该段可以分成两部分：第一部分是前两句，事实并非一直这样（艺术家将焦点投向消极的情感），最早的艺术形式是最适合表达快乐的；第二部分提到了华兹华斯的 水仙花和波德莱尔的 恶之花为例。按照议论文的论点论据的关系特点，首先提出论点然后以论据论证这个观点的正确性。本题举例部分为第2段 第3句 中as引导的时间状语从句，该句主句部分以及上文第2句就是论点所在。第3句句首but一词暗示了“改变。D是论点的概括。第 30题【单选题】They are b r i g h t,able an
40、d confident.A、latentB、revolutionC、subsequentD intelligent【正确答案】D【答案解析】intelligent智能的；聪明的；理解力强的。第 31题【单选题】Egypt,wrote the Greek historian Hecataeus,is the gift of the Nile.A、希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：埃及是尼罗河送来的礼物。B、埃及，希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：是尼罗河的礼物。C、埃及是尼罗河的礼物，希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道。D、希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：埃及，礼物来自尼罗河。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选 A。wr
41、ote the Greek historian Hecataeus是插入语，为使译文通顺易懂，把插入语处理成主句形式,其余部分作其宾语从句。第 32题【单选题】People suspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted to killhis wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan entered his oldhouse and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake.His estranged wifeheard noises,
42、came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed toescape.Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan hadkilled the nanny.lt is thought that Lucan killed the nanny b e c a u s e.A、she was looking after the childrenB、she was a friend of LucansC、it was dark and he thought she was Lady L
43、ucanD、Loa rd Lucan thought the nanny stole his car【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选 C o 因果关系题。对 照 本 段 Peoplesuspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted tokill his wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan enteredhis old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake.本来是要杀他的妻子，可是因为天太黑，所以错杀了保姆
44、。第33题【单选题】Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest maybe this:artists-only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose tofocus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn/t always so.The earliest formsof art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy.But some
45、where from the 19th century onward,more artists beganseeing happiness as meaningless,phony or,worst of all,boring,as wewent from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaire/s flowers of evil.By citingthe examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire,the author intendsto show t hat.A、poetry is not as expressiv
46、e of joy as painting or musicB、art grows out of both positive and negative feelingsC、poets today are less skeptical of happinessD、artists have changed their focus of interest【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o事实细节题。根据题干信息我们定位到第2段，该段可以分成两部分：第一部分是前两句，事实并非一直这样（艺术家将焦点投向消极的情感），最早的艺术形式是最适合表达快乐的；第二部分提到了华兹华斯的 水仙花和波德莱尔的 恶
47、之花为例。按照议论文的论点论据的关系特点，首先提出论点然后以论据论证这个观点的正确性。本题举例部分为第2段 第3句 中as引导的时间状语从句，该句主句部分以及上文第2句就是论点所在。第3句句首but一词暗示了“改变。D是论点的概括。第34题【单选题】Cheese is really a good lure for mice.A、许可，准许B、诱惑C、要求，渴望D、焦点【正确答案】B【答案解析】lure n,诱惑；饵；诱惑物。第35题【单选题】Unemployment seems to be the social problem in this areaand may undermine soc
48、ial stability.A、prevalentB、primitiveC、previousD、premature【正确答案】A【答案解析】prevalent“普遍的，流行的。根据题意，正确答案应选A。第36题【单选题】I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with thef a r m e r s,h a s a great effect on my life.A、when;whoB、that;whichC、which;thatD、when;which【正确答案】D【答案解析】years是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从
49、句，是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.第37题【单选题】The number of the people who cars increasing.A、owns;areB、owns;isC、own;isD、own;are【正确答案】C【答案解析】本句话的定语从句是who own cars.其先行词是people,因此，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own.本句话主句的主语是The number of指 .的数目，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is.第 38 题 Directions：You are going to read a list o
50、f headings and a textabout gun control.Choose the most suitable heading from the list AFfor each numbered paragraph(l5).The first and last paragraphs of thetext are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do notneed to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I.(10 points)AVarious definitions