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1、2021年上海高三高考模拟英语试卷(第一辑-模拟与提高八)-学生用卷一、Gmammar and Vocabulary(本大题共20小题，每小题1 分，共 20分)1、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟(第一辑-模拟与提高八)第2130题 10分The Nuclear DebateOne of the consequences of the terrible earthquake and tsunami in Japan on 11 March,2011,was,ofcourse,a leak of radiation at the Fukushima nuclear power station
2、 on the countrys east coast.Soonafterwards,all the people living within twenty kilometres of the plant 1(tell)to leave because of the danger from the radiation.The advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power always come up in debates about how the worldshould produce the energy 2(need).Those who t
3、hink the risks are too greatcan obviously use Fukushima in their argument,while also pointing out that nuclear waste staysradioactive for hundreds of years.Those who support nuclear power point out that a very small amount ofnuclear fuel can create a huge amount of energy,and that 3 the burning offo
4、ssil fuels such as oil,coal and natural gas,nuclear power stations dont contribute to global warming bypushing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.Most of the worlds energy currently comes from fossil fuels,but in nocase 4 this go on forever.As well as the problem of global warming there isthe simp
5、le fact 5 the Earth has a limited amount of these resources.They willeventually run out 6 there is a lot of disagreement about when that might be.Apart from nuclear power,7 currently provides less than 10%of theworlds energy,the other alternative is energy from renewable sources.Some scientists thin
6、k renewableenergy is the great hope for the future-not only because it wont run out but also because itis 8(risky)than nuclear power and produces far fewer greenhouse gases thanburning fossil fuels.Other scientists,however,believe we will never produce enough renewableenergy 9(fill)the gap when foss
7、il fuels begin to run out.That is why,evenwhile 10(watch)the very worrying events in Japan,they argue that nuclearpower will always have to be part of the solution to the worlds energy problems.2、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（第一辑-模拟与提高八）第 3140题 10分A.adequate B.boiling C.connected D.electricity E.innovationF.lit
8、erature G moderate H.pathway L promising J.reducing K sandwichedPotato BatteryIf you can do things like light a light bulb or make a radio work with a lemon,then why haventpeople harnessed that kind of energy to make things like cars run on renewable resources?Alex Golberg,a bioengineer,wondered the
9、 same thing.When he was studying for his PhD at HebrewUniversity in Israel,he started investigating a（n）1 renewable energytechnology:the potato.Like lemons,potatoes make excellent natural batteries and are na very well-knownexample from school experiments,Golberg says.HBut when we started to look at
10、 thescientific 2 there was nothing written about them,u Golberg says.If he wantedto make a better potato battery,one that might catch on outside of classrooms,he would have to do hisown experiments.Golbergs potato battery started out simple,with a slice ofpotato 3 between thin sheets of zinc（锌）and c
11、opper（铜）.Whenhe 4 the two metals with a wire,electrons（电子）started to flow from oneto the other,using the potato as a（n）5.But potato cells have tough walls,andthe electrons lost a lot of energy trying to travel through them,6 the batteryspower.Thinking through this problem,Golberg hit upon the 7 that
12、 makes hispotato battery unique:cooking,which breaks down the potatos cell walls.By 8 his potatoes for eight minutes,Golberg managed to get 10 times moreelectricity out of his batteries.So why arent we all driving potato-powered cars?For one thing,even Golberg*s new-and-improvedpotato battery produc
13、es only about half the energy of a AA battery you can buy at the store.Thats a longway from powering a car,but the energy is 9 to power an LED light or chargea cell phone for about a month and a half,Golberg says.One day,he hopes to see potato batteriespowering reading lamps for kids without 10 in t
14、he developing world.二、Reading Comprehension（本大题共 30 小题，共 45 分）3、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（第一辑-模拟与提高八）第 4155题 15分My family recently had the distinct honor of hosting a young exchange student from Finland for ayear.Edvin,age 17,came to us on a brilliant August day,after a long plane ride from Helsinki and an
15、evenlonger bus ride from New York City to our home in Maine.Tall,blond,and blue-eyed,he struck me as thetypical Finn.His transition(过 渡)to life in Americawhere he would attend the local high school-was 1 because of his remarkable command of English,which he spoke likea(n)2,without the slightest trac
16、e of an accent,thanks to a Finnish educationalsystem in which 3 instruction starts at age 7.Edvin also had attended anEnglish-language high school in Helsinki.No one who didnt know better wouldever 4 him for a foreigner.But I did,5,know better.Fve always been interested in languages andwith Edvins a
17、rrival I found myself curious about Finnish.I felt 6 to have aprofessional Finn in the house to introduce me to his mother tongue.One of Edvins great 7 was his patience.Another was his deep interestand pride in his culture.A third was his 8 to share.Supper invariably includeda discussion of Finnish,
18、which involved my asking Edvin for Finnish 9,fewof which resembled anything I had ever heard before.It was rarely 0 to buildbridges between Finnish and English the way one can with,say,German,where Haus=house,Butter=butter,Wasser=water,and so on.In Finnish,H,house is talo,andbutter*is voi.When Edvin
19、 translated water as vesi,I told him I could accept this because spilled watercan be very messy.But I 12 voi out of hand.Just look at it,Edvin,u I said asI indicated the tub of butter.Theres nothing voi about it.My goodness,even the Finns name for theirlanguage一suomi一would shock anyone looking fbr a
20、 thread of 3.The message here is that a non-Finn would need a convincing reason to want to learn the language.I A any such motivation,although,with a Finn living in the house,I did thinkit considerate to learn some Finnish.Kitos(thank you)is a(n)1 5 one,as isHei(hello).But when I greeted Edvin one d
21、ay with a hearty HHyvaa huomenta!(nGood morning!),hewinced(皱眉)at my pronunciation.Well,*he said,smiling generously,almost.1A.i ma g i na t i ve B.g r a d u a lC.d i f f i c u lt D.s moot hA.na t i ve B.f or e i g ne r C.a d u lt D.s t u d e ntA.s u r vi va l s ki llB.f or e i g n la ng u a g e C.c o
22、mpu t e r pr og r a mmi ng D.t i me ma na g e me ntA.mi s t a ke B.c r i t i c i z e C.pr e pa r e D.e x c h a ng eA.i n pa r t i c u la r s,a t a llC.of c ou r s e D.on e ndA.e a g e r B.lu c ky C.b or e d D.u ps e tA.f a vor i t e s B.a c h i e ve me nt s C.ple a s u r e s D.vi r t u e sA.audience
23、B.opportunityC.willingnessD.encouragementA.grammarB.wordsC.traditionsD.economyA.satisfactoryB.necessaryC.obviousD.possibleA.by comparisons,in other wordsC.to some degreeD.or elseA.discussedB.misunderstoodC.broughtD.rejectedA.commitmentB.familiarityC.masteryD.originalityA.weakenedB.neededC.lackedD.en
24、hancedA.hardB.easyC.commonD.rare4、【来源】2021年上海高三高考 模 拟（A 篇）第 5659题 8 分Accomplishment is often deceptive because we don*t see the pain and perseverance that produced it.So we may credit the achiever with brains or lucky break,and let ourselves off the hook because we fallshort in both two.Not that we
25、could all be concert pianists just by exercising enough discipline.Rather,each of us has the makings of success in some effort,but we will achieve this only if we apply our willsand work at it.How can we acquire stick-to-itiveness?There is no simple,fast formula.But I have developed away of thinking
26、 that has rescued my own weak will more than once.Here are the basic elements:nWont power,which is as important as will power.Discipline means choices.Every time you sayyes to a goal or objective,you say no to many more.Every prize has its price.The prize is the yes;theprice is the no.Igor Gorin,the
27、 noted Ukrainian-American baritone（男中音）,told of his early daysstudying voice.He loved to smoke a pipe,but one day his professor said,Igor,you will have to make upyour mind whether you are going to be a great singer,or a great pipe smoker.You cannot be both.*So thepipe went.Delayed gratification,whic
28、h Mr.Scott Peck,M.D.,author of the best-seller The Road Less Traveled,describes as a process of scheduling the pain and pleasure of life in such a way as to enhance the pleasureby meeting and experiencing the pain first and getting it over with/*This might involve routine dailydecisionssomething as
29、reasonable as skipping a favorite late-night TV show and getting to bed early,tobe wide awake for a meeting the next morning.Or it might involve longer-term resolutions.The secret of such commitment is getting past the pain and seeing the delight.The fact is that manyworthwhile efforts aren*t fun,*s
30、ays one radio and TV commentator.True,all work and no play makesJack a dull boy.But trying to turn everything we do into play makes for terrible frustrations,because life-even the most rewarding oneincludes circumstances that arent fun at all.(1)Why does the author believe that accomplishment is oft
31、en deceptive?A.Th e a c h i e ve r s a r e u s u a lly s ma r t e r t h a n u s.B.Th e pos s i b i li t y of b e c omi ng a n a c h i e ve r i s t oo s li m.C.Lu c k pla y s a n e s s e nt i a l r ole i n ma ki ng a c h i e ve me nt s.D.Th e pa i ns t a ke n d u r i ng t h e pr oc e s s of pu r s u
32、i t a r e of t e n ne g le c t e d.(2)What does stick-to-itivenessn in Paragraph 2 most likely mean in this passage?A.Th e a b i li t y t o pe r s i s t i n pu r s u i ng a c h i e ve me nt s.B.Th e a b i li t y t o le t ou r s e lve s of f t h e h ook.C.Th e a b i li t yt o d e ve lop a ne w wa y o
33、f t h i nki ng.D.Th e a b i li t yt o f i nd a me t h od of b e c omi ng s t r ong.(3)The author uses the story of Igor Gorin so as to .A.pr ove t h a t t h e r e i s a pr i z e f or a ny t h i ng y ou d oB.d e mons t r a t e t h a t pi pe s moki ng i s a b a d b e h a vi orC.i llu s t r a t e t h a
34、 t t h e wont powe r c a n c h a ng e a pe r s onD.e x pla i n t h a t y ou ne e d t o g i ve u p t h i ng s i n or d e r t o s u c c e e d(4)Which of the following best illustrates what delayed gratification is?A.N o ma t t e r wh a t ki nd of pa i n y ou ma y e nc ou nt e r,g e t i t ove r wi t h.
35、B.De a l wi t h t h e d i f f i c u lt i e s f i r s t a nd e njoy me nt c ome s s e c ond.C.All wor k a nd no pla y ma ke s a pe r s on mor e li ke ly t o s u c c e e d.D.Tu r ni ng d a i ly r ou t i ne i nt o pla y i s a g ood wa y of e njoy i ng li f e.5、【来源】2021年上海高三高考 模 拟(B 篇)第 6062题 6 分The Met
36、ropolitan Transportation Authority will award three$1 million prizes for the brightest ideasfor improving New York City*s subway system.The Times(1)Which is most probably the column that carries this passage?Change Trains to PlanesPlanes are much fester than trains.So,if weturn those slow trains int
37、o fast airplanes,peoplewill get to their stops more quickly.Plus,flyingairplanes in underground tunnels will be less scaryfor pilots,since there isnt as far to&U ifsomething goes wrong.Solar-Powered TrainsGranted,this solution would present some logisticalchallenges.For one,the subway is underground
38、,which is notwhere the sun is.So the trains would need to be moved tostreet level.To minimize disruption,they would also have tobe reduced in size.Each solar-powered train would have onlyfour wheels,and a maximum capacity of seven or eightpassengers,one of whom would be responsible for driving thetr
39、ain.The trains would be privately owned,most often bytheir drivers.The trains would run on gasoline.Alter the Structure of SocietyMany people have to commute to woric,but ifthat no longer had to happen people could stayhome.Re&ame the IssueNew Ybricers should be thankful that theytiave a subway at a
40、ll.A lot of cities dont,youknow.Grease(润滑)the Subway TYacksSometimes the best solutions are the simplest ones thatinvolve grease.A.N e ws.B.Ed i t or i a ls.C.Joke s.D.Ad ve r t i s e me nt s.(2)What is the biggest problem of usolar-powered trains1 if such advice is granted?A.Su c h t r a i ns wi ll
41、 b e ve r y e x pe ns i ve t o b u i ld.B.Su c h t r a i ns h a ve no a c c e s s t o s ola r powe r.C.Su c h t r a i ns wi ll b e c ome pr i va t e ly owne d.D.Su c h t r a i ns ma y not h a ve pr ope r d r i ve r s a t t h e mome nt.(3)What is most likely the reason for such a passage to be publis
42、hed?A.It g i ve s a lot of c r e a t i ve i d e a s a b ou t t h e s u b wa y s y s t e m.B.It t e lls t h e pos s i b le f u t u r e of N e w Yor k，s s u b wa y t r a ns f or ma t i on.C.It i nc lu d e s f u nny i nf or ma t i on t h a t N e w Yor ke r s ma y wa nt t o know.D.It r e ve a ls pe ople
43、 s d i s s a t i s f a c t i on of t h e N e w Yor k s u b wa y s y s t e m.6、【来源】2021年上海高三高考 模 拟（C 篇）第 6366题 8 分In early April a series of reports appeared online in the United States and the United Kingdomlamenting（抱怨）the“lazy French.A new labor law in France had apparently banned organizationsfro
44、m e-mailing their employees after 6 p.m.In fact,the law was not a law at all but a labor agreementaimed at improving health among a specific group of professionals,and there wasnt even a ban on digitalcommunication,as The Economist explained.Brits and Americans have long suspected that the French（an
45、d others）are goofing off（偷懒）whilethey continue to work hard,and theyre proud about it too.A poll,released in May,found that most U.S.Workers see their constant connection with officemates as a positive.In the age of the smartphone,theresno such thing as downtime,and we claim to be happier and more p
46、roductive for it.Are we,though?After reviewing thousands of books,articles and papers on the topic andinterviewing dozens of experts in fields from neurobiology and psychology to education and literature,Idon*t think so.When we accept this new and permanent workload-checking business news in bed orr
47、esponding to coworkers e-mails during breakfast一we may believe that we are dedicated,tireless workers,but,actually,were mostly just getting the small,easy things done.And lets not forget about ambient play（四周环境的影响），which often distracts us fromaccomplishing our most important tasks.Social medias rep
48、ort that their sites are most active during officehours,and research shows that these digital diversions are costly:its not only the minutes lost respondingto a piece of message but also the time and energy required to restart the original task.As Douglas Gentile,a professor at low a State Universit
49、y who studies the effects of media on attention spans,explains,Everyone who thinks theyre good at multi-tasking is wrong.Were actually multi-switching and givingourselves extra work.The great tech historian Melvin Kranzberg said,Technology is neither good nor bad,nor is itneutral.I dont advocate rul
50、es like that fictional post-6 p.m.e-mail ban.However,I do think our craze ofconnectivity has gone too far.We cant keep falling prey either to full work or full play.Instead,we mustactively decide on our level of tech engagement at different times to maximize productivity,success,andhappiness.（1）Acco